中矿北京2011年考博英语真题

Entrance Examination of English

for Ph.D Candidates at CUMTB

(March, 2011) (A)

提示：请将所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效

Part One Cloze (15 points)

Directions:

Fill each of the blanks in the passage with one suitable word.

One

word that you might have learned when you were studying about sound is frequency. Frequency means

1

fast the sound wave vibrates. Faster vibrations produce

2

pitched

sounds.

The

notes

in

a

musical

scale indicate the

3

or frequency of the sound.

4

word that can describe a sound is

intensity

. Intensity

5

to

the amount of energy in a sound wave, and it

6

a

sound

’

s

loudness. Printed music

will often

include notes about how loud or

7

to

play each section of the music. Timbre is another

8

used

to

describe musi

c

al sounds. It describes how the

same

note will have

9

sounds

when

played

10

different instruments. For example the

same note may sound soft and pretty when played

on

a flute,

11

strong and brassy when played on a trumpet. The timbre of a note comes from both the actual note

12

is

played

13

also its overtones,

14

are

other higher and lower sounds that are produced

15

the same

time.

Part Two Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Directions: In this part there are five passages, each followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each

of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one.

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the following passage.

The last of the dinosaurs lived during a time called the Cretaceous period. This time period lasted from about 135

million to 65.5 million years ago. Some sources give the years of 146,145, or 144 million to 65 million years ago.

In the Cretaceous period, the middle of North America was covered by a shallow sea. The Atlantic Ocean began

opening up between Europe and North America as those continents rifted. Other continents that had begun pulling away

from each other in the Jurassic continued drifting apart. India was an island by itself.

Evergreen trees, mosses, and ferns had been the main types of plants, but now in the Cretaceous, flowering plants

appeared. Bees did, too. Hardwood trees like oaks and maples first appeared in the fossil record.

Modem birds and mammals came into the fossil record. Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops came into existence. So did

other ceratopsian dinosaurs, relatives of Triceratops, with their wide variety of facial horns and neck frills. Great herds of

perhaps 10,000 Triceratops roamed the edges of the North American Inland Sea. The climate began to cool.

At the end of the Cretaceous, another mass extinction wiped out as much as 90 percent of marine life and 50 percent

of life on land. There were no more dinosaurs after the end of the Cretaceous, at about 65.5 million years ago. The

Cenozoic era, also called the Age of Mammals, began.

16.

The mass extinction at the end of Cretaceous period

.

A.

killed all the dinosaurs

B.

killed half of all life on land

C.

killed as much as 90 percent of marine life

D.

all of the above

17.

Continents in the Cretaceous period were

.

A.

drifting apart

B.

moving towards each other

C.

in the same locations as they are today

D.

none of the above

18.

The author's main purpose for writing this was to

.

A.

inform

B.

entertain

C. warn

D.

persuade

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the following passage.

Physical therapy is the treatment of people of all ages with injured or diseased muscles, arms, or legs. Physical

therapists, or PTs as they are often called, treat patients with exercise and massage. PTs do not use medicine to treat

patients. Sometimes water or heat therapies are used for treatment as well. Physical therapy helps an injured or sick

person move with less pain and stress.

PTs are not medical doctors

，

but doctors often refer patients to physical therapists to help patients recover from

injuries or deal with diseases. A PT studies the patient’

s medical records. Then he or she develops a treatment plan to

improve the

patient’s

ability to move the injured limb. PTs work with patients to strengthen damaged or weakened

muscles, PTs may teach the patient how to use crutches, wheelchairs, or an artificial limb. Therapists want patients to be

able to do as many daily activities as they possibly can

. The PT keeps a record of the patient’s progress. Treatments ate

change according

to the patient’s needs and rate of progress.

Physical

therapists

must

graduate

from

a

physical

therapy

program

at

a

college

or

university.

A

four

year

baccalaureate degree is required.

In addition, a master’s degree requires two to two and one

-half more years. A doctorate

degree requires three years.

Physical therapists must pass a national and/or state exam to get a license. Some PTs work in hospitals, nursing

homes, or doctors

’

offices. Some PTs travel to patients

’

homes to work with patients who are homebound. Some PTs

work in schools, health clubs, or with sports teams. PTs may specialize in a certain field, such as sports medicine,

working with athletes. They might choose cardiology, working with patients with heart disease or defects. They might

choose the field of pediatrics if they like working with children.

If you are a person who likes people and wants to help them improve their lives, you might like to be a physical

therapist. If so, you should have strong communication and interpersonal skills. Above all, compassion is a required

character trait for a PT.

19.

Physical therapists use

to help patients get better.

A.

diets

B.

medicines

C.

surgery

D.

training

20.

Which of these people would probably benefit most from physical therapy?

A.

A doctor who is tired from working long hours.

B.

A child who doesn’t like to take medicine

C.

An athlete who has torn a muscle

D.

An athlete with cuts and bruises

21.

What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A.

Job description for a physical therapist

B.

Job requirements for a physical therapist.

C.

Job training and education for a physical therapist.

D.

A11 of the above.

22.

Which of these is an opinion and not a fact?

A.

Some PTs travel to patients

’

homes.

B.

Physical therapists have a rewarding job.

C.

Physical therapists first need a college degree.

D.

Physical therapists must pass an exam to get a license.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 26 are based on the following passage.

This amazing woman was born a poor German princess and became on

e of Russia’s greatest emperors.

She was born Princess Sophia August Frederika on May 2, 1729, in the Baltic seaport town of Stettin, then a part of

German Pomerania. Her father was an obscure German military prince named Christian August, and her mother was

Princess Joanna Elizabeth of Holstein-Gottorp.

Her father was ruler of the tiny principality of Anhalt-Zerbst, but the

greater part of his life was spent as an officer in the service of Prussia.

In 1744

，

she arrived in Moscow with her mother to marry Peter, the Grand Duke of Holstein, grandson of Peter

the Great and heir to the Russian throne (later Peter III). Their marriage was an unhappy one. Catherine (now baptized

into the Russian Orthodox Church under that name) spent much of her time preparing for her future reign.

In 1761

，

Peter was crowned emperor. Supported by the Russian military, Catherine overthrew Peter in 1762 and

became Catherine II. She quickly began to make changes in government and society based on ideas learned from French

philosophers of the Enlightenment and the authors of ancient Rome.

She was a mend of Voltaire and other European writers, and wrote stories and plays. She supported French writer

and philosopher Denis Diderot when he was broken-she bought his library, hired him to look after it at his own house.

for which she paid him a salary for the next 50 years in advance.

Catherine patronized the arts, music and education, and she put millions of rubles into the creation of the Hermitage

Museum, which today is the delight of Russia and the world. No other Russian monarch appreciated beauty as much as

Catherine. She set the stage for the emergence of a national Russian culture that would become something unique and

wonderful in the 19th century.

Catherine established the first schools for women, including the Smolny Institute for girls in St. Petersburg. Also,

Russia’s first public schools and universities were founded

during her reign.

Her rule was one of the most prosperous periods of the Russian Empire. She undertook a wide range of internal

political reforms, waged two successful wars against

the Ottoman Empire and occupied vast territories on Russia’s

southern boundaries^ eventually advancing the country’s border to the Black S

ea.

23. How old was Catherine when she arrived in Russia to marry Grand Duke Peter of Holstein?

A.

21

B.

15

C.

13

D.

Not mentioned

24.

How did Catherine become ruler of Russia?

A.

Her father died.

B.

The people of Russia chose her.

C.

She inherited the title from her cousin.

D.

She used force to take over the government.

25.

Catherine learned from

A.

ancient Roman authors

B.

Russian arts, music and education

C.

French philosophers of the Enlightenment

D.

European writers such as Voltaire and Diderot

26.

During her reign,

.

A.

Russia became a military superpower

B.

Public schools were established for girls

C.

Millions of rubles were robbed and stored

D.

All of the above

Passage Four

Questions 27 to 31 are based on the following passage.

Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes. Americans do not

have a comer on the “death” market, but many people feel that the United States leads the wor

ld with the most taxes.

Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. There are

generally three levels of

government in the United States: federal, state and city: therefore, there are three types of taxes.

Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the

federal government. The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government

has a graduated income tax, that is, the percen

tage of the tax increases as a person’s income increase. With the high cost

of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due.

The second tax is for the state government: New York, California, or any of the other forty-eight states. Some states

have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other

states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state. For example, a person

might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax of eight percent in that state, then the

cost of the cigarettes is twenty-seven cents. This figure includes the sales tax. Some states use income tax in addition to

sales tax to raise their revenues. The state tax laws are diverse and confusing.

The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax (people who own a home have to pay taxes

on

it)

and

excise

tax,

which

is

charged

on

cars

in

a

city.

The

cities

use

these

funds

for

education,

police

and

fire

departments, public works and municipal buildings.

Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one each week just to pay their taxes.

People always complain about taxes. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way.