unit 14课后练习答案学习资料

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Loving and Hating New York

练习题答案

/answer

Ⅰ

.

1. Olmsted : Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. ( 1870 -- 1975 ), American landscape

architect. A Harvard graduate (1894),he studied under his father, Fredcrick Law

Olmsted, and began practice as landscape architect in 1895. He was landscape

architect for the Metropolitan Park System of Boston, 1898--1920; Baltimore Park

and Park Commission, 1902--1917; member of the National Capital Park and

Planning Commission in 1929, and again from 1945. He acted in consulting

capacity for and designed portions of the parks or other public improvements of

many towns and cities and numerous institutions, land subdivisions, and private

properties. Among his designs in Washington D.C. were those for Rock Creek and

Anacostia Parks, the Mall, and the White House grounds. He wrote numerous

articles and reports on professional subjects.

2. Bach: John Sebastian Bach (1685--1750),German composer and organist, one

of the greatest and most influential composers of the Western World. He brought

poly- phonic baroque music to its culmination, creating masterful and vigorous

works in almost every musical form known in his period. Born into a gifted family,

Bach was devoted to music from childhood; he was taught by his father and later

by his brother Johann Christophe. His education was acquired largely through

independent studies.

Since few of Bach's many works were published in his lifetime, exact dates

cannot be fixed for all of them, but most can be placed with some certainty in the

periods of his life. At Arnstadt and Miihlhausen he began a series of organ

compositions that culminated in the great works of the Weimar period; the

Passacaglia and Fugue in C Minor. At Cothen he concentrated on instrumental

compositions, especially keyboard works: the Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue; the

English Suites; and Book I of the celebrated The Well-Tempered-Clavier. He also

wrote several unaccompanied violin Sonatas and cello suites, and the

Brandenburg Concertos, recognized as the best concerti grossi ever composed. As

musical director of St Thomas at Leipzig, he composed many of his superb

religious compositions, the Christmas Oratorio, the St. Matthew Passion, etc. The

principal keyboard works of this period were Book

Ⅱ

of The Well- Tempered

Clavier and the four books of clavier pieces in the Clavierubung, which includes:

six partitas (1726--1731); the Italian Concerto and the Partita in B minor (1735);

and the Goldberg Variations.

The bulk of his work is religious. In addition, he composed an astonishing

number of instrumental works, many of them designed for the instruction of his

numerous pupils. In his instrumental and choral works he perfected the art of

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polyphony, displaying an unmatched combination of inventiveness and control in

his great, striding fugues. During his lifetime, Bach was better known as an

organist than as a composer. For decades after his death his works were

neglected, but in the 19th century his genius came to be recognized, particularly

by romantic composers such as Mendelssohn and Schumann. Since that time his

reputation has grown steadily.

Ⅱ

.

1. No, his hometown is Seattle, a seaport in west central Washington State on

Puget Sound. See paragraph 4.

2. These signs show that New York is no longer the leading city in the United

States.

3. New York no longer begets the styles and sets the trends. It is no longer a

pacesetter.

4. Other cities have buildings more inspired architecturally. The center of music

and sports have also shifted to other cities. As a tourist attraction it is inferior to

New Orleans, San Francisco, Washington or Disneyland. Finally, there are many

better cities to live in than New York.

5. The Europeans call New York their favorite city because they like its

cosmopolitan complexities, its surviving European standards and its alien

mixtures. Perhaps some of them are reassured by the international names of

jewelers, shoe stores and designer shops. But what most excites Europeans is the

city's charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism.

6. Tim writer went to New York because he likes to live there and he could

practice the kind of journalism he wanted in that city.

7. The young people go to New York to test themselves and to avoid giving in

to the most banal and marketable of their talents. In New York they also find the

company of many other young people similarly fleeing from the constricting

atmosphere of smaller cities.

8. New York is still the banking and communications headquarters for America.

The networks' news centres, the largest book publishers, the biggest magazines,

the ad agencies are all here, appraising and ratifying the films, the plays, the

music, the books that others have created.

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9. Newcomers can find or form their little groups and, though these groups lie

close to each other, there is no contact or intercourse between groups. This gives

the city its sense of freedom.

10. Despite all the faults of the city, a New Yorker still prefers to live in New

York because he prefers the unhealthy hassle and vitality of urban life. What he

finds attractive about New York is its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing

competitiveness; the rigor of its judgments; and the congested, democratic

presence of so many other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds.

11. It is in fact the first truly international metropolis because here one finds a

much wider mixture of nationalities--- Asians, Africans, Latins and all varieties of

Europeans.

Ⅲ

.

article is a piece of expository writing. The main theme or thesis is stated

by the title

sentence of the last paragraph: “Loving and hating New York becomes a matter

of alternating moods, often in the same day.

2. Griffith develops his main thesis by both objective and emotional description

of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers. It is very effective. (See

the answer to 4.)

3. This article is full of American English terms, phrases and constructions. Such

as T-shirt, hassle, plush, holdout, comeback, putdown, measure up, expense-

account, etc.

4. The writer states that he both loves and hates New York, but the reader fails

to see where or why he hates New York. It is clear that Griffith loves New York

and feels exhilarated living there. He may sometimes feel exasperated but this

feeling is never strong enough to turn to hate. The writer shows his love for New

York with the words such as energy, contention, striving, etc.

5. The first five paragraphs act as a general introduction, setting forth the

present status of New York city in the United States and in the eyes of foreigners.

The last sentence of paragraph 5 also acts as a transition to the

descriptions of New York city itself: < /p>

dynamism

striving

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6. The topic sentence of paragraph 8 is the first sentence.

s pleasures

are much qualified in New York.

paragraph and to back up the statement made in the topic sentence.

7. In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is

appreciated and paid for, and skill and learning by themselves are not considered

valuable.

8.

Free. Student’s choice.

Ⅳ

.

1. Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American

people.

2. New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles,

fashion) of America.

3. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny

Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.

4. New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.

5. A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety

(because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).

6. The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.

7. At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and

haughtily to darken the night sky.

8. But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be

exaggerated.

9. In both these roles of banking and communications headquarters, New York

starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many

things created by people in other parts of the country.

10. The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by

extravagant promotional advertising.

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