-
第
9
章
动词
Ⅰ
.
及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词
1.
不及物动词可以单独构成谓语。
2.
及物动词必须与其宾语一起构成谓语。
1
）带一个宾语
2
）带双宾语（间接宾语
+
直接宾
语）
3
）带复合宾语（宾语
+
宾语补足语）
3.
谓语动词有时态的变化，
在陈述句中，
随着主语的人称或单复数以及句子的时态发生词
形的变化，以
work
为例，如下表所示：<
/p>
主语
一般现在时
谓语（不及物动词）
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
I
work
worked
shall/will work
would work
He/She
works
worked
will work
would work
We
work
worked
shall/will work
would work
You/They
work
worked
will work
would work
4.
连系动词必须与其表语一起构成谓语。
连系动词
be
是主系表结构句子的主要系动词，它在陈述句中
位于主语和表语之间，随
着主语的人称或单复数以及句子的时态发生词形的变化，如下表
所示：
主语
一般现在时
系动词
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
I
am
was
shall/will
be
would be
He She It
is
was
will be
would be
We
are
were
shall/will be
would be
You/They
are
were
will be
现在完成时
过去完成时
have been
had been
has been
had been
have been
had been
have been
happy
happy
happy
happy.
表语
现在进行时
过去进行时
am working
was working
is working
现在完成时
过去完成时
have worked
had worked
has worked
was working
had worked
are working
have worked
were working
had worked
are working
have worked
were working
had worked
would be
专项训练
1
选择填空。
1.
Look up! The
kite __________ high in the sky.
A.
flies
A. go
B. flew
B. goes
had been
C. has flown
C.
went
D.
is flying
D. is going
D. would read
D. would keep
D. has put out
D.
are...going
D. had seen
D. would have
2.
We all know that the earth __________
around the sun.
3.
Jenny
__________ a novel from seven to sight last eight.
A. read
A. kept
A. puts out
B.
was reading
B. has kept
B. put out
B. did...go
B.
saw
B. had
C. is reading
C.
will keep
C. was
put out
C.
have...gone
C. has seen
4.
A
scarf
__________ you warm as
the temperature falls.
5.
Finally, the big serious forest fire
__________ by the firemen yesterday.
6.
Where __________ you __________? I
looked for you everywhere.
A.
has...been
A.
sees
A. have
- No, not yet.
A.
Has...arrived
B.
Does...arrive
C.
Will...have
D.
Is...arriving
10.
-- This is
a no-right-
turn area. Don’t you see the
sigh?
-- Oh, sorry. I
__________ it.
A. hadn’t
seen
A. have
B. won’t see
B. will have
C. didn’t
see
C. had
D. doesn’t see
D. has
11.
I
__________to stay at home and prepare for my test
this weekend.
12.
- I
knocked into a tree when I went to the railway
station for my friend.
- I suppose
you__________ too fast.
(07
中考
江西南昌
)
A. drive
B. are driving
C. drove
D. were
driving
D. still rains
13.
Oh, what a day! It
__________ heavily.
A. is still raining
B. was still
raining
C. still rained
14.
It's such a popular online game!''
Mary asked me excitedly.
A.
Do, sign
B. Have; signed
C. Did; sign
D. Are; signed
15.
It's too late now. The
supermarket __________.
7.
She didn’t go to see the
dolphin show with us because she __________ it
alr
eady.
8.
The
teacher told the students that they
__________ a school sports meeting the
nest week.
C. will have
9.
-
__________
the flight MU 823 __________?
A. closes
A. looks
A. has
B.
is closed
B.
smells
B.
have
C. is being closed
C. sounds
C. is having
B. is; will come
D. will be; will come
C. had
better
D. is closed
D.
feels
D. are having
16.
Coffee is ready. How nice it __________
! Would you like some?
17.
Now the students each __________ an
English -Chinese dictionary.
（
08
中考
南通）
18.
The singer __________
welcomed if she __________ to our school.
A. is; comes
C.
will be;comes
Ⅱ
.
助动词
1.
助动词
be
（
am,
is,
are;was,
were
）
，与动词的现在分词一起，
帮助构成现在进行时和过
去进行时。
2.
助
动词
be
（
am, is, are;was,
were
；
will be; have/has been;
am/is/are being; was/were being
）
，
与动词的过去分词一起，帮助构成被动语态。
3.
助动词
do
（
does,did
）帮助构成
一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句和疑问句。
4.
助动词
have
（
has,
had
）与动词的过
去分词一起，帮助构成现在完成时和过去完成时，
还帮助构成否定句和疑问句。
5.
助动词
will/shall
（
would/sh
ould
）
与动词原形一起，
帮助构成
一般将来时和过去将来时，
还帮助构成否定句和疑问句。
专项训练
2
按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
1.
The music
sounds wonderful.
（改为否定句）
The music __________ __________
wonderful.
2.
His parents
manage a small hotel.
（改为否定句）
His parents __________ __________ a
small hotel
3.
Mr. Black has a strong
will.
（改为否定句）
Mr.
Black __________ __________ a strong will.
4.
Mary put the flowers in
the centre of the
table.
（改为否定句）
Mary __________ __________ the flowers
in the centre of the table.
5.
The villagers have set out to look for
the lost sheep.
（改为否定句）
The villagers__________ __________ set
out to look for the lost sheep.
6.
The girls are singing and dancing at
the party.
（改为选择疑问句）
__________ the girls singing __________
dancing at the party?
A. is
19.
Kepler proved that the sun __________
the center of the solar system.
B. was
D. would be
7.
Postmen deliver letters and magazines
every day.
（改为一般疑问句）
__________ postmen __________ letters
and magazines every day?
8.
I’ve never been to South
China.
（改为一般疑问句）
__________ you __________ been to
China?
9.
The
Shanghai Radio and TV Tower stands in Pudong New
Area.
（改为一般疑问句）
__________ the Shanghai Radio and TV
Tower __________ in Pudong New Area?
10.
Some professors will
discuss foreign language teaching at an
international conference next
month.
（改为一般疑问句）
__________
some
professors
__________
foreign
language
teaching
at
an
international
conference
next month?
【答案】
1. doesn’t sound
2
. don’t manage
3. doesn’t have
4. didn’t put
5
.haven’t set
10. Will, discuss
6. Are, or
7. Do, deliver
8. Have, ever
9. Does,
stand
Ⅲ
.
动词的时态
i.
一般现在时
1.
表示普遍真理或客观事实。
2.
表示现在的习惯动作或状态。
3.
表示将来时间（用于某些条件状语从句和时间状语从句中
）
。
4.
一
般现在时的动词形式通常与动词原形相同，但在主语为第三人称单数时，词尾加
-s
或
-es
，其规则如下：
< br>
1
）一般动词都在词尾加
-s
，如：
digs, sings,
looks, lives, cleans
等；
2
）当动词以
s,sh,ch,x,o
结尾时，加
-es
，如：
< br>presses, washes, watches, fixes, goes
等；
3
）当动词以辅音字母
+y
结尾时，先将
y
变成
i
，再加<
/p>
-es
，如：
flies,
cries, studies
等。
5.
动词
be
的一般现在时，依据不同人称
和数分别采用
am, is,
are
三种形式。
动词
have
的一般现在时，依据不同人称和数分别采用
have,
has
两种形式。
6.
一般现在时常用的时间状语：
often, always,
usually, sometimes, every day, once a
week
等。
ii.
一般过去时
1.
表示过去某时发生的事情。
2.
表示过去的习惯性动作。
3.
一般过去时的动词形式除不规则动词之外，通常以动词原形加
-ed
表示，即动词的
过去式；动词
be
的过去式为
was,
were
。动词过去式的规则如下：
1
）一般动词都在词尾加
-ed
，如：
played, listened, turned,
fixed, looked
等；
2
）当动词以
e
结
尾时，只加
-d
，如：
liked,
agreed, skated
等；
3
）
当动词以辅音字母结尾
+y
结尾时，
先将
y
变成
i
，
再加
-ed
，
如：
crie
d, studied, carried
等；
4
）当动词以重读闭音节或以重读闭
音节结尾时，要重复词尾的辅音字母，再加
-ed
，
如：
stopped, preferred,
regretted
等。
4.
一般过去时常用的时间状语有：
yesterday,
last year, three years ago, just now, in
1978
等。
专项训练
3
用所给动词的适当时态填空。
1.
The bank
robbery __________ (happen) last night.
2.
Water
__________ (boil) at the temperature of
100
℃
.
3.
This kind of
TV __________ (make) in Shanghai.
4.
In the past,
there __________ (be) only single-decker buses.
5.
Matter
__________ (change) from
one state to another.
6.
The electric __________ (invent) by
Edison.
7.
__________ (raise) your hand if you
__________ (know) the answer.
8.
Tom __________
(drop) the vase(
花瓶
)and
__________ (break) it a
moment ago.
9.
Yesterday he __________ (not realize)
what a serious mistake he __________ (make).
10.
The First World War
__________ (take) place in 1914. Old John
__________ (fight) in it.
【答案】
1. happened
2. boils
3. is made
4. were
5. changes
6. was invented
7.
Raise, know
8. dropped, broke
选择填空。
1.
Glad to see you back. How
long__________ in Russia?
A. did you
stay
B. have you stayed
D. have
you been staying
C. told
D.
spoke
C. were you staying
A. said
9.
didn’t realize, had made
10. took, fought
2.
The
manager__________ that the business would be worse
after the stock went down.
B. talked
3.
- I
__________ you __________ out.
- No. I
have been here all the time.
A. think,
have been
C. thought, were
A. was
B.
think, are
D. thought, had been
C. will be
D. would be
4.
Could you tell me where the railway
station __________?
B. is
5.
- Jim is not coming to
the party tonight.
- But he__________ !
A. promise
B. promised
C. will promise
D. had promised
6.
To my surprise, he __________ for the
“My Show” Contest, hoping to be a star.
A. came
iii.
现在进行时
B. left
C. went
D.
entered
1.
表示说话时正在进行的动作。
2.
表示现阶段暂时的习惯性动作，该动作说话时不一定正在进行。
3.
表示不断重复的动作，常常<
/p>
always
等频度副词，而且带有感情色彩。
< br>
4.
表示渐进的过程，通
常适用于表示
“
转变
”
的动词。
5.
表示即将发生的事情，通常适用于暂短性动词。
6.
现在进行时的动词形式通常以
助动词
be
（
am, is, are
）
及动词原形加
-ing
，
即动词的现在
分词表示，其规则如下：
1
）一般动词都在词尾加
-ing,
如：
working, planting,
carrying, discussing
等；
2
）当动词以
-e
结尾时，先去掉
-e
，再加
-ing,
如：
shining, leaving, skating,
writing
等。
以
-oe, -ee, -ye
结尾的
动词，直接加
-ing
，如：
hoei
ng, dyeing, agreeing
等。
还有特殊变化的，如：
die+ing→dying,
lie+ing→lying
3
）
当动词为重读闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾时，
要重复词尾的辅音字母
，
再加
-ing,
如：
running,
stopping, swimming,
beginning
等。
7.
现在进行时常用的时间状语有：
now, nowadays,
at the moment, these days
等。
iv.
过去进行时
1.
表示过去某时正在进行的动作。
2.
表示过去某个阶段暂时性习惯动作。
3.
表示过去不断重复的动作。
4.
过去进行时的动词形式通常以助动词
be
（
was, were
）加动词的
现在分词
-ing
形式表示，
其构成规
则与现在进行时相同。
5.
过去进行时常用的时间状语有：
this time
yesterday, at that time, at the
moment
等。
专项训练
4
用所给动词的适当时态填空。
1.
Don’t make any
noise. The
teachers __________ (have) a meeting.
2.
Betty __________ (make) a telephone
call to her pen pal at that time yesterday.
3.
I __________ (not do) anything at the
moment.
4.
He told me that my mother
__________ (wait) for me outside.
5.
Spring is here. It __________ (get)
warmer and warmer.
6.
What __________
you __________ (do) when I called you yesterday
evening?
7.
All those wastes __________
(pollute) the river these days.
8.
My mother __________ (cook) in the
kitchen when my father returned home.
9.
I __________
(see) him when I __________ (walk) in the park.
10.
It __________(rain) at the moment, so
we __________ (stay) indoors yesterday afternoon.
【答案】
1. are having
2.
was making
3. am not doing
4. was waiting
5. is getting
6. were, doing
选择填空。
1.
She ___________ a blouse by
herself yesterday, but I am not sure whether it is
ready.
A. makes
B. had made
C. was
making
D. has made
【分析】易错题。
2.
He was still working on his
project while other people __________ a rest.
(09
中考
上海
)
A.
were having
talks.
A. talked, had
B.
talk, have
D. are talking; have
B. was knocking, did
D.
knock, am doing
B. was
knocked down, was running
D.
knocked down, was run
B. was reading
,
fell
D. read, fell
C. were
waiting, wait
D. waited, wait
C. won’t rain
D. isn’t raining
C. were talking;
had
A. knocked, did
B. are having
C. will have
D. have
3.
They __________ about the
TV news then in the sitting-room. They often
__________ such
7. are polluting
8. was cooking
9. saw, was walking
10. was raining, stayed
4.
When you __________ at the door, I
__________ some washing.
C. knocked,
was doing
A.
knocked down, ran
5.
The boy __________ by a car as he
__________ across the road.
C. was
knocking down, was running
A. read, was
falling
6.
As she __________ the newspaper, Granny
__________ asleep.
C. were reading, was
falling
A. were waiting,
waiting
C. waited, waiting
A. didn’t
rain
7.
We __________ for Eddie at ten last
Sunday. He often keeps us __________.
8.
Let’s go out now. It
____
______.
B. doesn’t
rain
【分析】易错题。强调现在不在下雨。
9.
Planning
more
trees
__________
the Greenhouse
Effect
__________
because
trees take
in
CO.
A. is making; better
v.
一般将来时
表示从现在某时看将要发生的动作或状态。
C. is making; worse
B. are making;
better
D. are making; worse
1.
will
表示将来，主语可以为一切人称。
2.
shall
表示将来，主语只能为第
一人称。
3.
< br>一般将来时的动词形式通常以助动词
will/shall
加动词原形表示；也可用半助动词
be
（
am/is/are
）
going
to
加动词原形表示。
am/is/are
going
t
o
表示将来，通常是指已有迹象表明即将发生某事；在非正式文体中，
< br>表示
“
意图
”
< br>或
“
打算
”
。
4.
一般将来时常用的时间状语有：
tomorrow,
soon, next year, next week, in three weeks, in the
future, this coming Sunday, sooner or
later
等。
vi.
过去将来时
1.
表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或状态。
2.
过去将来时的动词形式通常以
助动词
would/should
加动词原形表示；也可用半助
动词
be(was/were)going
to
加动词原形来表示。
3.
专项训练
5
用所给动词的适当时态填空。
1.
I wonder if he __________ (be) able to
finish his work in two days.
2.
You __________ (fail) in physics unless
you work harder.
3.
She was told
that a report about the matter __________ (make)
the next afternoon.
4.
The foreigners
__________ (visit) the Oriental Pearl TV Tower
unless it rains tomorrow. .
5.
Another new bridge __________ (build)
over the Huangpu River next year.
6.
After my brother __________ (graduate)
from high school he will go abroad to further his
study.
7.
Some gusts __________ (welcome) at the
airport when they __________ (arrive) tomorrow.
8.
Mr. Wang
__________ (tell) that he __________ (send) to
work in Tibet the next year.
9.
She said there __________
(be) a maths contest the next month and asked us
who
__________
(enter) for it.
10.
Paul
told me why he __________ (make) so many mistakes
in his maths test. He said that he
__________ (study) harder
later on.
【答案】
1.
will be
2. will, fail
3.
would be made
4. will visit(are going to visit)
7. will be welcomed, arrive
8. was told,
would be sent
5.
will be built
6. graduates
一般将来时常用的时间状语有：
soon, the next
day, the next month, the next
year
等。
9. would
be, would enter(was going to enter)
10. had made,
would study(was going to visit)
选择填空。
1.
- Have you
gone to see the doctor·
!
-
No, but ___________.
A. I go
B. I am going
C. I go to see.
D. I'm going to
2.
- What will the weather be
like this week?
- It will be hot. The
temperature ___________ to
37°
C.
A. rises
B. raises
C. will rise
D. will raise
【分析】易错题。
3.
- Our class teacher will __________ at
the meeting.
- Really? What is she
going to __________ then?
A. speak,
talk
A. comes
vii.
现在完成时
1.
表示已经发生的事情，否定式表示尚未发生的事情。
2.
表示开始于过去并持续到现在的事情。
3.
现在完成时的动词形式通常以助动词
have, has
及动词原形加
-ed
（不规则动词除外）
，
即
动词的过去分词表示，动词过去分词的
构成规则与动词的过去式构成基本相同。
4.
现在完成时的常用时间状语有：
already,
just,
yet,
never,
ever,
recently,
these
days,
since
1978, for three years, in the past two
years
等。
5.
have(has)
gone
和
have(has)
been
的区别在于：
have(has) gone
（
to
）
表示到某地方
去了
（目
前不在这里）
；
have(has) been (to)
表示到某地方去过（目前不在那里
）
。
viii.
过去完成时
1.
表示过去某时以前已经发生的
事情，否定式表示过去某事以前尚未发生的事情。
2.
表示开始于过去的过去并持续到过去某时的事情。
3.
表示在过去先后发生的两个动
作当中，县发生的动作通常用过去完成时。
4.
过去完成时的动词形式通常以助动词
had
及动词原形加
-ed
即动词的过
去分词表示。
5.
过去完成时的时间状语有：
for ten years,
by 2007, by the time he was
born
等。
ix.
现在完成进行时
1.
现在完成进行时表示动作从过
去某时开始一直持续到现在，
该动作可能仍然在进行，
也
可能刚刚停止。
2.
现在完成进行时的动词形式通常以助动词
have/has <
/p>
been
加动词
-ing
形式即动词的现在
分词表示。
3.
现在完成进行时常用时间状语有：
all morning,
the whole day, these days, for some time,
for several days, since two
o’clock
等。
B.
talk, say
B. came
C. say, tell
D. speak, say
D.
would come
4.
He told me
that he __________ to see us the next week.
C. will come
选择填空。
1.
- Have you seen Michael
recently?
- Yes, in fact I saw him this
morning. I __________ him for two years.
A.
haven’t seen
B.
hadn
’t seen
C. didn’t see
D. don’t see
【分析】易错题。
事实上今天早上我
已经见过
Michael
了，所以
“<
/p>
两年没见他
”
是今天
早上之前的动作。
今天早上是一个过去的时间，
所以
“
两年没见他
”
是过
去的过去的动作，
所以用同过去完成时。
2.
Miss Gao isn’t here. She
__________ to the station to meet Mr.
Brown.
A. go
B. has
gone
C. has been
B. has left
D. went away
B. has been
in
D. has taken part in
D. would go
3.
His father is
on a business trip. He __________ home for nearly
three weeks.
A. has gone away from
C. has been away
from
A.
has entered
C. has joined
to the teachers.
A. had
taken
B. had
brought
C. have brought
D. have carried
6.
Hardly
__________
the
students
__________
the
final
exams
when
they
began
to
play
basketball in the
playground.
A. would; finish
专项训练
6
Ⅰ
.
用所给动词的适当时态填空。
1.
George __________ (be) in
business since he graduated from college.
2.
We
__________ (learn) three thousand English words by
the end of last term.
3.
The sheep __________ (disappear) one
after another since last term.
4.
Don’t worry.
The work __________ (finish) already.
5.
Mr Li don’t
go to the cinema
because he __________ (see) the film before.
6.
The Olympic
Games __________ (take) place twenty-nine times
since 1896.
7.
I __________ (read)
The Adventure of
Tom Sawyer
these days.
8.
The government __________
(make) traffic laws to stop accidents recently.
9.
The room is
dirty. I __________ (not clean) it for weeks.
10.
Peter’s
mother __________ (tell) that her son __________
(apologize) to Mr Brown already
for breaking his window.
【答案】
1. has been
2. had learned
3. have
disappeared
4.
has been finished
B. did; finish
C. have; finished
D. had; finished
【分析】
Hardly...
过去完成时
when
一般过去时
一
...
就
4.
China __________ the WTO
for more than five years.
5.
The principal said to all the students
on the Open Day that they __________ much
happiness
5. had seen
6. have taken
7. have been reading
8. has made
9. haven’t
cleaned
10. was told, had
apologized
Ⅱ
.
按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
1.
My brother
joined the army three years
ago.
（保持原句意思）
My
brother __________ __________ in the army
__________ three years.
2.
Mr Brown left Shanghai two days
ago.
（保持原句意思）
Mr
Brown has been __________ __________ Shanghai for
two days.
3.
My
parents bought the computer half a year
ago.
（保持原句意思）
My
parents __________ __________ the computer
__________ half a year ago.
4.
Alice has kept the
detective story book from the library for a
week.
（保持原句意思）
Alice __________ the detective story
book from the library a week __________.
5.
The film
began ten minutes
ago.
（保持原句意思）
The
film __________ __________ __________ for ten
minutes.
6.
Her
daughter has been ill for three
days.
（保持原句意思）
Her
daughter __________ ill three days
__________
。
7.
I have been a League
member since 2008.
（保持原句意思）
I __________ a League member __________
2008.
8.
Old
John died five years
ago.
（保持原句意思）
Old
John has been __________ __________five years.
9.
The meeting
ended twenty minutes
ago.
（保持原句意思）
The
meeting __________ been __________ for twenty
minutes.
10.
My uncle came here an hour
ago.
（保持原句意思）
My
uncle has __________ __________ foe an hour.
__________ __________ an hour
__________ my uncle came here.
【答案】
1. has been,
for
2. away from
3. have had, since
4. borrowed, ago
5. has been on
6. fell, ago
7. became, in
8.
dead for
9. has, over
10. been here,
It is, since
选择填空。
1.
It __________ five years since he left
for Beijing.
A. was
A. watch
B. has been
B. will watch
C. be
D.
is going to be
D. was watching
2.
Prison Break is the beat
American TV play that I __________ these years.
C. have watched
3.
- How long
__________ you __________ this computer.
- Just two weeks.
A. has
done, is
B.
have bought
C. are having
D. have had
4.
Half of the
class __________ most of the work, and some of the
work __________ difficult.
A. has done,
is
A. they had had
Ⅳ
.
There be
句型
1.
There be
意为
“
有
”
，用于表示客观存在
。
There
是引导词，没有含义，
b
e
是谓语动词，
也可以用
seem,
appear, exist, remain, live,
lie
等动词，谓语动词有时态变化。
2.
谓语动词的单复数视其后面的
名词或代词的单复数而定，这是句子的真正主语。
3.
谓语动词后如果有两个以上的主语，谓语通常与最近的一个名
词或代词保持一致。
4.
There be
句型也可用于疑问句、否定句以及各种时态的
变化，通过谓语动词
be
来体现。
5.
used
to
在
There be
句型中，用助
动词
did
帮助构成否定句与疑问句。
专项训练
7
按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。
1.
There is a boy
student on the
playground.
（改为复数形式）
There __________ some __________
__________ on the playground.
2.
There are some mice in the
fields.
（改为单数形式）
There __________ __________ __________
in the fields.
3.
There is some milk in the
bottle.
（改为一般疑问句）
__________ __________ __________ milk
in the bottle?
4.
There is
going to be a school sports meeting next
week.
（改为反意疑问句）
There is going to be a school sports
meeting next week, __________ __________?
5.
There are more
than 17 million people in
Shanghai.
（对划线部分提问）
__________ __________ people __________
__________ in Shanghai?
6.
There was a big tree in front of the
house.
（保持原句意思）
There __________ __________ __________
a big tree in front of the house.
7.
An old lady
lived at the foot of the
hill.
（保持原句意思）
__________ __________ an old lady at
the foot of the hill.
8.
A new film has been on for a
week.
（保持原句意思）
There __________ __________ a new film
on for a week.
9.
Don’t hurry! There are a few minutes
left.
（保持原句意思）
Don’t hurry! There is __________
__________ __________ left.
10.
Many stars
appear in the sky on a clear
night.
（保持原句意思）
__________ __________ many stars in the
sky on a clear night.
【答案】
1. are, boy students
2. is a mouse
3.
Is there any
4. isn’t there
5. How many,
are there
6.
used to be
7.
There lived
8. has been
9. a little time
B. have done, is
B. have they had
C. has done, are
C. had they had
D. have done, are
D. they
have had
5.
Every
morning, the students are asked if __________
their temperature taken.
10. There
appear
Ⅴ
.
动词的被动语态
i.
被动语态的用法
1.
当主语是动作的执行者时，
谓语动词用主动语态；
当
主语是动作的承受者时，
谓语动词
用被动语态。
2.
采用被动语态是因
为不知道动作的执行者，
或不必说出动作的执行者，
或强调动作
的承
受者。
ii.
被动语态的构成
1.
被动语态的动词形式通常以助动词
b
e
加动词的过去分词构成。
2.
被动语态的动词在句中依据不同的时态，要采用不同的形式，
以
make
为例：
时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
情态动词
iii.
被动语态的转换
1.
主动语态必须为
< br>“
主
-
动
-
宾
”
结构时，才可以转换为被动语
态。
1
）
主语
+
及物动词
vt.+
宾语（及物动词带一个宾语）
主动语态：
We use the recorder in
English classes.
我们在英语课上使用录音机。
被动语态：
The recorder is used in
English classes(by us).
录音机在英语课上被（我们）使用。
在被动
语态句子中，如不强调动作的执行者时，动作的执行者可省略。
2
）
主语<
/p>
+
及物动词
vt.+
宾语
sb.+
宾语
sth.
（及物动词带双宾语
<
间接宾语与直接宾语<
/p>
>
）
主动语态：
Father Christmas gave
the little girl a doll.
圣诞老人给了小女孩一个洋娃娃。
被动语态：
The little girl was
given a doll by Father Christmas.
（用间接宾语作主语）
A doll was given to the
little girl by Father Christmas.
（用直接宾语作主语）
但有的及物动词只可有一种形式的被动语态，如：
be
am/is/are
was/were
am/is/are being
was/were being
have/has been
had been
will be
would be
can may must be
过去分词
made
My father bought me a bike. → A bike
was bought for me.
我父亲给我买了一辆自行车。
His
cousin has written him a letter. → A letter has
been written to him.
他的表兄已经给他写了一封信。
3
）
主语<
/p>
+
及物动词
vt.+
宾语
sth./sb.+
宾语补足语（及物动词带复合宾语
<
宾语与宾语补
足语
< br>>
）
主动语态：
They will keep their
room warm.
他们将使他们的房间保持温暖。
被动语态：
Their room will be kept
warm (by them).
（原宾语补足语转变为主语补足语）
2.
英语中有些动词词组相当于一
个及物动词，从而也可以构成被动语态，如：
The
nur
se looks after the sick child. → The
sick child is looked after by the
nurse.
这护士照料生病的孩子。
专项训练
8
Ⅰ
.
用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空。
1.
Children
__________ (not allow) to play frightening games.
2.
At last the
two pictures __________ (hang) side by side.
3.
The Great Wall
__________ (know) by people all over the world.
4.
All the
buildings __________ (turn) into hospital
recently.
5.
How
long can these magazines __________ (keep)?
6.
The vegetables
__________ (plant) in the fields next week.
7.
The soldier
was very ill when he __________ (operate) on by
Dr. Bethune.
8.
The password of your email box should
__________ (memorize).
9.
Liquids can __________ (turn) into
gasses if their temperatures __________ (make) hot
enough.
the night.
10.
The next
morning they __________ (find) that some trees
__________ (blow) down during
【答案】
1. are not
allowed
2. were hung
3. is known
4. have been turned
5. be kept
6.
will be planted
7. was
being operated
8. be
memorized
9. turn(be
turned), are made
10. found, were blown
Ⅱ
.
按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。
1.
The headmaster praised
Ben for his honesty.
（改为被动语态）
Ben __________ __________ for his
honesty __________ the headmaster.
2.
The firemen are using long ladders for
rescuing people in tall
buildings.
（改为被动语态）
Long ladders __________ __________
__________ for rescuing people in the buildings by
the firemen.
A
new shirt __________ __________ __________
__________ Jack by Mother.
3.
Mother will
buy Jack a new
shirt.
（改为被动语态）
4.
You had better take the wounded
soldiers to hospital at
once.
（改为被动语态）
The
wounded soldiers had better __________ __________
to hospital at once.
5.
The
adults tell the children not to swim in that deep
river.
（改为被动语态）
The children __________ __________ not
to swim in that deep river.
6.
Can some aged Chinese understand
Russian?
（改为被动语态）
Can __________ __________ __________ by
some aged Chinese?
7.
The boss made the employees work ten
hours a day.
（改为被动语态）
The employees were made __________
__________ ten hours a day.
8.
Who looks
after the children in the
kindergarten?
（改为被动语态）
By __________ __________ the children
__________ after in the kindergarten?
9.
The Spring
Festival is welcomed by the Chinese all over the
world.
（改为主动语态）
The Chinese all over the world
__________ the Spring Festival.
10.
The price of
meat has risen from ten yuan to fifteen yuan
recently.
（保持原句意思）
The price of meat __________ __________
__________ from ten yuan to fifteen yuan
recently.
【答案】
1. was
praised, by
2. are being
used
3. will be bought for
4. be taken
5. are told
6.
Russian be understood
7. to work
8. whom are,
looked
9. welcome
10. has been raised
Ⅲ
.
选择填空。
1.
A lecture on environmental
protection __________tomorrow. Shall we go and
attend it?
A. gives
A. invited
B. will give
B. has invited
B. was taken
C.
was given
C. was invited
C. takes
D. will be given
D. will invite
D. took
2.
Professor
Zhang ___________to give a lecture on the American
literature last month.
3.
The sick boy ___________to hospital by
the police yesterday.
(09
中考
北京
)
A. is taken
4.
the community.
A. have; is being taken
C. has; is taken
B.
have; has taken
D. has; have been taken
John as well as the other children who
__________ no parents __________ good care of in
【分析】易错题。
As well as the other
children
是插入语，并不是充当主语，句子的主语
还是
John
；对于
John
来说是被照顾，所以
take care of
要用被动语态。
5.
The magazines mustn’t __________ from
the reading room.
A. take
away
B. taken
away
C. are taken away
D. be taken away
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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