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单词解释
1
．
manipulate
< br>: vt. make sb. think and behave exactly as you want them to, by skillfully
deceiving
or influencing them
操纵，控制（某人的思想和行为）
You have the constant feeling you are
being manipulated by advertisements.
你总有一
种被广告操纵的感觉。
2
．
def
y
：
①
happen in a way that is
different from what usu. happens or what you
expect
违反
This
celebration of Thanksgiving deft tradition.
这个感恩节庆典仪式没有遵循传统。
②
refuse to obey
sb. or sth.
违抗；不服从
Despite the strike vote, a few workers
have defied the majority decision and returned to
work.
尽管经过了罢工表决
,
几个工人还是不顾大多数人的决定，回去上班了。
NOTE
Defy, Deny
D
efy
和
Deny
都是及物动词，词形
相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。
①
Defy
主要表示
“违抗；
反抗；
蔑视”
，
后接名词；
而
deny
主要表示
“<
/p>
否认；
拒绝承认
”
，
后接名词或
that
引导的从句。
Nearly 11 thousand people
have been arrested for defying the ban on street
trading, ifi;
近一万一千人因违抗在街上交易的禁令而被捕。
The government has denied that the
authorities have uncovered a plot to assassinate
the
president.
政府已否认当局发现了一个暗杀总统的阴谋。
②
defy
后接动词不定式表示“挑战；刺激某人做某
事”时，不能用动名词形式；
deny
表示
“
否认；拒绝承认
”
时，后面不能
接动词不定式，只能接动名词形式。
I defy you
to come up with one major accomplishment of the
current prime minister.
我倒要看看你能否讲出一项现任首相作出的重大成就。
He denied doing anything illegal.
他否认做过任何违法的事。
3
．
recession: n.
[C, U| a difficult time when there is less trade,
business activity, etc. in a
country
than usual
（经济衰退，萧条）
There is a deep recession in the UK.
英国陷入了严重的经济衰退。
4
．
Unless
①
unless
作连词，表示
”
除非
…
；如果不
…“
；引导条件状语从句，意为
“
如果某个条件
不出现，某件事就不会进行
”
。使用
unless
必须留意从句中动词的时态。虽然
unless
所说
的条件都是未出现或未发生的，但必须用一般现在时或过去时，不能表示将来的时态，
例如：
②
unles
s
和
if …not
都可以隐刀条件状
语从句，但适用情况不同，很容易混淆，要注意区
别。指将来可能发生或可能真实的情况
用
unless
；如果知道事情没有发生或不真实则用
if …not.
可以说
If you
weren’t always in such a hurry, your
work would be much
better.
不说
Your work would be much
better unless you were always in such a hurry.
见更多例句：
Unless
they get protection, they will not testify. (=lf
they do not get protection, they will
not testify.)
如果得不到保证，他们不会作证的。
I would go out if it wasn't raining.
(=But it is raining, so I am not going out.)
要是不下
雨，我就出去了。
4
．
resume
(fml.) start doing sth. Again after
stopping or being interrupted, or an activity or
process starts again after a pause
（中断之后）继续，重新开始
She
hopes to resume her career after the baby is born.
她希望生完孩子后继续工作。
NOTE
The word resume can be
used either as a transitive or intransitive verb.
As a transitive
verb, it may be
followed by a noun or a v.-ing form.
5. depiction
n. [C, U] a
description of sth. Using words or pictures
描写；描述；描绘
The
painter
’
s depictions of the
horror of war won her a worldwide reputation.
那位画
家对战争的恐怖所进行的描绘让她享誉全球。
6
．
odds
n. [pl.] (at ~ with) if things are at
odds with each other, they are different or
opposite
when they should be the same
（与某物）不一致，相矛盾
Her version of the events was at odds
with the police report.
她对事件的说法跟警方的
报告不一致。
7
．
permissive
NOTE
The word permissive is
an adjective, a derivative from permit. Being
“
permissive
”
implies a very easy and too relaxed
position on something and usually lacks good
judgment. For example:
They
were permissive parents and their children grew up
to be spoiled and ill-behaving
adults.
他们是太过放任的父母，他们的孩子长大后会变成被宠坏、行为举止欠妥的年
轻人。
NOTE
permissive, tolerant
The
synonym of permissive is tolerant, but tolerant is
positive in meaning. Permissive
carries
a negative connotation. Tolerant implies good
judgment with a right balance of
perspective or actions. For example:
The employee
’
s
tolerant position on the differences in working
style meant that the
team performed
well.
员工对工作作风的差异持宽容的立场意味着这个团队表现出色。
8
．
perspective
n. [C] a way of thinking about sth.
（思考问题的）角度，观点，想法
His father
’
s
death gave him a whole new perspective on life.
父亲的离世让他对生活有
了全新的理解。
9
．
urge
vt. advise sb. very strongly about what
action or attitude they should take
极力劝
告；
敦
促；催促
The charity urged everyone involved to
take quick action.
该慈善机构敦促每个相关人
< br>员迅速采取行动。
NOTE
urge, persuade
①从词义上说，
urge
的基本意思是“力劝；敦促”，引申可表示“强烈要求”等，比较<
/p>
正式；
persuade
主要表示“说服
；劝说”，指通过劝说、感情交流等使对方做劝说者希
望的事。
urge
语气强，但不一定“力劝；敦促”成功；
persua
de
语气不如
urge
强，但强
调不仅“劝”，而且使之“服”。例如：
We will urge them to adhere to the
Paris Agreement.
我们敦促他们遵守《巴黎协议》。
My husband persuaded me to come.
我丈夫劝我来的。
②从用法上来说，
urge
和
persuade
都可用作及物动词。
urge
可用于
urge sb. to do sth.
结
构，
意为“催促某人做某事”
；
persuade
< br>表示“说服”时，可用于
persuade sb. to do
sth.
结构，也可用于
persuade sb. into
doing sth.
结构，都表示“说服某人做某事”。它们也
都可以引出
that
从句。
urge
引出
that
从句中用
（
should
）
+verb
，
而
persuade
用于
persuade
sb. that
结构，不用（
should
）
+verb
。例如：
His
father urged him to speak his mind.
他父亲敦促他说出心里话。
We
’
re trying to
persuade manufactures to sell their products here.
我们正努力说服制
造商在这里销售他们的产品。
Sir Fred urged that Britain
(should) join the European Monetary System.
弗雷德爵士
敦促英国加入欧洲货币体系。
We had managed to persuade them that it
was worth working with us.
我们已设法说服
他们，与我们合作是值得的。
10. suspend: vt.
①
officially stop sth. From
continuing, esp. for a short time
暂停，中止
Sales of
the new drug will be suspended until more tests
are completed.
这种新药在完
成进一步检验之
前将暂停销售。
②
make sb.
leave their school or job for a short time, esp.
because they have broken the
rules
（尤指因违规）使…暂时停学（停职）
Dave was suspended from school for a
week.
戴夫被停学一个星期。
11. disguise: vt. Change
one
’
s appearance so that
people cannot recognize him
装扮；
假
扮
Maybe you could disguise
yourself as a waiter and sneak in there.
或许你可以假扮成待
应生混进去。
12. do
one
’
s utmost: try as hard as
possible
竭尽全力（做某事）
The medical staff did their utmost to
save the patient
’
s life.
医护人员竭尽全力挽救那
位病人的生命。
13. cement: vt. Make a
relationship, idea, etc. stronger or more certain
加强，巩固（关
系、看法等）
Our union leaders want to cement a good
working relationship between the government
and labor unions.
我们的工会领导想加强政府和工会之间良好的工作关系。
n. [U]
水泥
14. derive:
vt.
receive or obtain sth. from sth.
else
（从某物中）获得，得到
Medically, we will derive great benefit
from this new technique.
从医学角度讲，我们将
从这一新技术中受益匪浅。
v.
develop or come fom sth. else
源自；源于
Many words
in the English language are derived from Latin.
英语中很多词来源于拉丁
文。
15. take in: understand and
remember new facts and information
领会；理解；记住
I had to
read the letter twice before I could take in all
of the information it contained.
我得把这封信读两遍才能领会信里的所有内容。
16. echo:
vt. repeat an idea or opinion because
you agree with it
附和（别人的观点）
Lily and Lucy are twins, and their
views often echo each other.
莉莉和露西是一对双胞
胎，她们的意见常常互相呼应。