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术语翻译及术语解释汇总
术语翻译
1.
Design
features of
language
(语言的甄别特征)
Arbitrariness
(任意性)
,
< br>Duality
(二层性
/
二重
性)
,
Creativity
(创造性
/
原创性)
,
Displacement
(移位性)
,
Cultural transmission
(文化传播
)
,
Interchangeability
< br>(可
互换性)
2.
Functions of language
referential
指称功能
poetic
诗学功能
emotive
情感功能
conative
劝慰功能
phatic
寒暄功能
metalingual function
元语言功能
ideational
function
概念功能
interpersonal
function
人际功能
textual function
语篇
/
文本功能
Informative
(信息
/
告知功能)
,
Performative
Function
(施为功能)
,
Emotive
Function
(情感功能)
,
Phatic
communion
(寒暄交谈)
,
Recreational
Function
(娱乐功能)
,
3.
Phonetics(
语音学
)
,
Phonology
(音系
/
音位学)
;
Mor
phology
(形态学)
,
Syntax
(句法学)
;
Semantics
(语义学)
,
Pragmatics
(语用学)
Articulatory
phonetics
发音语音学
Acoustic
phonetics
声学语音学
Auditory
phonetics
听觉语音学
Psycholinguisti
cs
心理语言学
Socioling
uistics
社会语言学
Anthropological
linguistics
人类语言学
Computational
linguistics
计算语言学
Applied
linguistics
应用语言学
Neurolinguistics
神经语言学
4.
Descriptive vs.
prescriptive
描写式和规定式
Synchronic vs.
diachronic
共时和历时
Langue vs.
parole
语言和言语
Competence vs.
performance
语言能力和语言行为
5. V
ocal tract
声道
(resonating cavities
共鸣腔
)
,
pharynx
咽腔
, oral
cavity
口腔
and
nasal cavity
鼻腔
.
其它的一些发音器官:
lungs<
/p>
肺
, windpipe
(
trachea
)气管
, vocal
folds
声带
,
larynx
喉
,
epiglottis
会厌,次声门
,
pharynx
咽
,
uvula
小舌
, hard
palate
硬腭
,
soft palate
软腭
,
alveolar ridge
齿龈
6.
Consonants and
vowels
(辅音和元音)
A.
Manners of articulation
发音方式
B. Places of
articulation
发音位置
7.
Stop (or
plosive)
爆破音
Fricative
摩擦音
Approximant
近似音
Lateral
(approximant)
边音
Affricates
塞擦音
,
trill
颤音
and tap
闪音
Bilabial
双唇音
Labiodental
唇齿音
Dental
齿音
Alveolar
齿龈音
Postal
veolar
后齿龈音
Retroflex
卷舌音
Palatal
硬腭音
Velar
软腭音
Uvular
小舌音
,
pharyngeal
咽音
glottal
声门音
monophthong vowel:
单元音
diphthongs
双元音
triphthongs
三元音
Lax vowels
短元音
Tensed
vowels
长元音
8.
Coarticulation
and phonetic
transcription
协同发音和标音
anticipatory
coarticulation
先期协同发音
perseverative
coarticulation
后滞协同发音
.
broad
transcription
宽式标音
narrow
transcription
严式标音
9.
minimal
pairs
最小对立体
Phoneme
音位
phonemic
transcriptions
音位转写
phonetic
transcriptions
语音转写
phones
音子
allophones
音位变体
complementary
distribution
互补分布
phonetic
similarity
发音近似性
Free
variation
自由变体
assimilation
同化
regressive
assimilation
逆同化
progressive
assimilation
顺同化
phonological
rule
音系规则
Epenthesis
增音
binary
二分的
Distinctive
features
区别特征
Endocentric and Exocentric
Constructions
向心结构和离心结构
subordinate and
coordinate
从属和并列
Conceptual
meaning
概念意义
Associative
meaning:
联想意义
Connotative
meaning
内涵意义
Social
meaning
社会意义
Affective
meaning
情感意义
Reflected
meaning
反射意义
Collocative
meaning
搭配意义
Thematic
meaning
主位意义
denotation:
外延意义
connotation:
内涵
The
referential theory:
指称理论
Semantic
triangle
语义三角
Sense and
reference
:涵义和指称
Synonymy
同义关系
Antonymy
反义关系
Hyponymy
上下义关系
Polysemy
一词多义关系
Homonymy
同音
/
形异意关系
Dialectal
synonyms
地域同义词
Stylistic
synonyms
风格同义词
Collocational
synonyms
搭配同义词
gradable antonymy
等级反义关系
cover
term
覆盖项
Marked
vs. unmarked terms
标记项和非标记项
complementary antonymy
互补反义关系
converse antonymy
逆向反义关系
homophones:
同音异义词
homographs :
同形异义词
complete homonyms
semantic
components
语义部分
术语解释
1.
Design
feature
的定义:
the
defining
(最典型的,起决定作用的)
properties of
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
human language
that distinguish it from any animal system of
communication.
Synchronic
共时:
It
refers to the description of a language at some
point of time
in history.
Diachronic
历时:
It
studies
the
development
or
history
of
language.
In
other
words, it refers to
the description of a language as it changes
through time .
prescriptive
规定式:
A
kind of linguistic s
tudy aims to lay
down rules for “correct
and standard”
behavior in using language
.
descriptive
描写式
: A
kind
of
linguistic study
aims
to
describe and analyze
the
language people actually
use
.
Arbitrarine
ss
(任意性)
:
By
saying
that
“language
is
arbitrary”,
we
mean
that
there is no logical connection between
meaning and sound.
Duality<
/p>
(二层性
/
二重性)
:it means that language is a system, which consists of
two levels of structures,
at the lower level there is the structure of
sounds; at the
higher level there is
the structure of meaning.
Displacement<
/p>
(移位性)
:
it
means
that
language
can
be
used
to
communicate
about things
that are not present in our immediate
communicational context.
p>
competence
语言能力
:
it
refers to an ideal speaker’s
knowledge of the underlying
system of
rules in a language.
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