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Chapter two
Summarize the characteristics of
English consonants :
[
]
voiceless bilabial stop
[
]
voiced
bilabial stop
[
]
voiceless
alveolar stop
[
]
voiced alveolar stop
[
]
voiceless velar stop
[
]
voiced velar stop
[
]
bilabial nasal
[
]
alveolar nasal
[
]
velar nasal
[
]
voiceless postalveolar affricate
[
]
voiced postalveolar affricate
[
]
alveolar
lateral
[
]
voiceless labioldental
fricative
[
]
voiced labioldental
fricative
[
]
voiceless
dental fricative
[
]
voiced
dental
fricative
[
]
voiceless
alveolar
fricative
[
]
voiced
alveolar
fricative
[
]
voiced
alveolar trill
[
]
voiceless
post-alveolar fricative
[
]
voiced
post-alveolar fricative
[
]
glottal
fricative
[
]
bilabial
approximant
[
]
palatal approximant
II. Fill in each of the following
blanks with one word which begins with the letter
given:
1. A ____
refers to a strong puff of air stream in the
production of speech sounds.
2
．
A ____
phonetics describes the way our speech organs work
to produce the speech
sounds and how
they differ.
3. The four
sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in
common, i.e, they are all
b_______
sounds.
4
．
Of
all the speech organs, the t ____ is the most
flexible, and is responsible for
varieties of articulation than any
other.
5
．
English
consonants can be classified in terms of manner of
articulation or in terms
of p____ of
articulation.
6
．
When the
obstruction created by the speech organs is total
or complete, the speech
sound produced
with the obstruction audibly released and the air
passing out again is
called a
s________.
7
．
S_________
features are the phonemic features that occur
above the level of the
segments. They
include stress, tone, intonation, etc.
8
．
The
rules that govern the combination of sounds in a
particular language are called
s ____
rules.
9
．
The
transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols
only is called broad
transcription
while the transcription with letter-symbols
together with the diacritics is
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called
n_________ transcription.
10
．
When pitch,
stress and sound length are tied to the sentence
rather than the word
in isolation, they
are collectively known as i_________.
11
．
P______ is a
discipline which studies the system of sounds of a
particular
language and how sounds are
combined into meaningful units to effect
linguistic
communication.
12
．
The
articulatory apparatus of a human being are
contained in three important
cavities:
the pharyngeal cavity, the o_______ cavity and the
nasal cavity.
13
．
T____ are
pitch variations, which are caused by the
differing rates of vibration of
the
vocal cords and which can distinguish meaning just
like phonemes.
14
．
Depending on
the context in which stress is considered, there
are two kinds of
stress: word stress
and s_________ stress.
15
．
The sound /f/
is _________________.
A.
voiced palatal affricate
B.
voiced alveolar stop
C. voiceless velar fricative
D. voiceless labiodental fricative
16. Distinctive features can be found
running over a sequence of two or more
phonemic segments. The phonemic
features that occur above the level of the
segments are called ____________.
A. phonetic components
B. immediate constituents
C. suprasegmental features
D. semantic features
17.
A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive
value. It is an abstract unit, a
collection of distinctive phonetic
features.
A. phone
B. sound
C. allophone D. phoneme
18
．
The different
phones which can represent a phoneme in different
phonetic
environments are called the
____ of that phoneme.
A.
phones B. sounds
C. phonemes
D. allophones
19
．
Of
all the speech organs, the _______ is/ are the
most flexible.
A. mouth
B. lips
C. tongue
D. vocal cords
20
．
The sounds
produced without the vocal cords vibrating are
____ sounds.
A. voiceless
B. voiced
C.
vowel D. consonantal
21
．
__________ is
a voiced alveolar stop.
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