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谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.
英语中有很多动词如
break
，
catch
，
c
lean
，
drive
，
lock
，
open
，
sell
，
read
，
write
，
wash
等，
当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，
常用其主动形式
表达被动意义
,
主语通常是物。
This kind
of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强
调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：
The door won't
lock
．
（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be
locked
．
（指不会有人来锁门
,
指
“
门没有锁
”
是人的原因
）
2.
表示
“
发生、
进行
”
的不及物动词和短语，
如：
happen, last, take place, break out, come
out, come about, come true, run out,
give out, turn
out
等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come
out?
这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
3.
系动词没有被动形式
,
但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词
feel, sound,
taste, book,
feel
等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your reason sounds
reasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式
表被动意义
。
1.
在
need
，
want
，
require, bear
等词的后面
，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义
相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house
needs repairing
（
to be
repaired
）．这房子需要修理。
2.
形容词
worth
后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动
含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而
worthy
后面跟动词不定式
的被动形式。
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The picture-book is well worth
reading
．（＝
The picture-book
is very worthy to be
read
．）
3.
动词不定式在名词后面作定语，
不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，
又和句中另一名词
或代词构成主谓关系
,
不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to
do this afternoon
．
(to do
与
things
是动宾关系，与
I
是主谓关
系。
)
试比较：
I’ll go to
the post office. Do you have a letter to be
posted? (
此处用不定式的被动语态
作定语表明
you
不是
post
动作的执行者。
)
4.
在某些
“
形容词＋不定式
”
做
表语或宾语补足语的结构中，
句子的主语或宾语又是动词
不定式
的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有
nice
，
easy
，
fit
，
hard
，
difficult
，
important
，
impossible
，
ple
asant
，
interesting
等。
例
This problem is difficult
to work out .
（可看作
to work
out
省略了
for
me
）
.
5.
在
too… to…
结构中，不定式前
面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive
(for me) to buy.
6.
在
there be…
句型中，当动词
不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重
点在人，
用被动形式作定语，
重点在物。
例
There is no time to
lose
（
to be lost
）<
/p>
．
（用
to
lose
可看成
for us to
lose
；用
to be
lost
，谁
lost
time
不明确。）
7.
在
be to
do
结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动
,
被动表被动。
然而
,
由于古
英语
的影响
,
下列动词
rent, blame,
let
等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame
for starting the fire?
六、介词
in, on, unde
r
等
+
名词构成介词短语表被动意义<
/p>
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表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动
词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
1.
“under
+
名词
”
结构，
表示
“
某事在进行中
”
。
常见的有：
under
control
（
受控制）
,
under
treatment
（在治疗中）
,
under repair
（在修理中）
, under
discussion
（在讨论中）
, under
construction
（在施工中）。
The building is
under construction( is being
constructed).
2.
“beyond+
名词
”
结构，
“
出乎
……
胜过
……
< br>、
范围、
限度
”
。
常见的有：
beyond belief (
令
人难以置信
)
，<
/p>
beyond one’s
reach
（鞭长莫及），
beyond one’s
control
（无法控制），
beyond our
hope
．
我们的成功始料不及。
The
rumour is beyond
belief
（
=can’t be
believed
）．
3.
“above+
名词
”
结构
,
表示
“(
品质、行为、能力等
)
超过
……
、高于<
/p>
……”
。
His
honest character is above all
praise
．
=His honest character
cannot be praised
enough
．
4.
“for+
名
词
”
结构，表示
< br>“
适于
……
、
< br>
为着
……”
。如：
for sale(
出售
), for
rent
（出租）等。
That house is for sale. (=
That house is to be sold).
5.
“in+
名词
”
结构
，表示
“
在
……
过程中或范围内
”
常见的有：
in print
（在印刷中），
in
sight(
在视野范围内
)
，等。
The book is not yet in
print
．
(=is not yet printed)
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晚练
21
高一英语牛津版模块四
Unit
1
Advertising
单元练习
一．单项选择：
1 It is
a pity that quite a lot of customers __ the
advertisements and buy a lot of goods they
don’t really need.
A fall for
B have fallen for
C
fell into
D
have fallen into
2 I don’t
think the man is ____ for the job, for he is not
___to do it.
A accessible,
qualified B available, qualified
C available, qualifying
D accessible,
qualifying
3
These naughty boys couldn’t, _____,get out of the
troublesome problem by themselves.
A although
B though
C
as if
D even if
4 In
my opinion,
the best friend is one ______your sorrows and
joys.
A with which to share
B with whom to share
C with that to share
D with whom
sharing
5 Someone
called me up in the middle of the night, but he
hung up ___ I could answer the
phone.
A .as
B. since
C .until
D.
before
6 The key__ the
problem between the company and the consumer is__
the demands___ by
the
consumers.
A to solving, to
meet, making B to solving, to meet,
made
C to solve, met, making
D to solve, meeting, made
7
----I put him down as a well-educated man.
---------_______?----I mean that he is a
well-educated man.
A I beg your pardon
B Speak louder, please
C What is that?
D Will you repeat your
words
8 ______ do
you think of the design of the cloth?
A What, type
B How, design
C Who, color
D What, design
9 He was unable to ______ to the group
what he meant.
A get through
B get across
C get down
D get around
10
He suddenly saw Sue ______ the room. He pushed his
way ______ the crowd of people to
get
to her.
A across, across
B over, through
C over, into
D across, through
11 He left the place, ______never
______ back again.
A
determined, to come
B being determined, to come
C determined, coming
D
determining,
coming
12 Within a year he
______ from teller to
assistant cashier.
A
promoted
B was promoted
C
had promoted
D
had been promoted
13 If you
don’t like it, you don’t have to
______.
A pay
B
pay it
C pay for
D pay for the
money
14 -----
He
hasn’t slept at all for three days.
He is tire
d out.
——
____________________.
A There is no point
B There is no need
C it is no
wonder
D it is no way
15
Do remember go and see your uncle whenever
______.
A you are convenient
B you will be convenient C it is convenient to you
D it will be
convenient to you
16 This story had a
______ending.
A satisfied
B
satisfying
C
satisfaction
D satisfy
17 ______ criticized, Mike would accept
none of them.
A His being
B
While being
C Even if being
D Even if
18 Where do you _____ going for your
holidays this year?
A intend
B expect
C
pretend
D
mean
19 ----Is Bob still
performing? ---
I’m afraid not. He is
said ___ the stage already as he has
become an official.
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A .to have left
B
to leave
C to have been left
D to be left
20 I don’t know
what____________.
A was the
matter
B is the
matter
C the matter was
D the matter
is
21 When do you think
______visit her uncle?
A she
was going?
B she will go to
C will she go
D will she go
to
22 Please tell me ______
to have your coffee----black or white?
A what would you like B what you would
like C how you would like D how would you
like
23 Do you
know______________?
A how
many stomachs does an ant have
B how many
stomaches an ant has
C how
many stomachs an ant has
D how many
stomaches an ant have
24 The
manager left word
with his
secretary _____ he would call again in the
afternoon.
A who
B which
C
as
D that
25 I wonder whether he knows_____ to
write a
book.
A how great pains it will cost
B what great pains will it
take
C what great pains it
will cost
D
what great pains it will take
26 It is said that Tom ______ in
public.
A laughed
B is laughed
C has been
laughed at
D laughs at
27 The young man asked the tailor
___________.
A how long
would the coat be ready
B how soon would the coat be
ready
C how long the coat
would be ready
D how soon the coat would be
ready
28 The manager warned
his driver _______ after drinking.
A never to drive
B to never
drive
C never driving
D
never drive
29 On his way
home from Shanghai he told me that he ______
Shanghai again.
A had
visited
B has visited
C would visit
D will visit
30 _______flowers, the pupils sent
their teachers a nice greeting card for her
birthday.
A Beside
B Except for
C Besides
D
Except
31 It is only _____
20 minutes’ ride from here to ______ Stone
Company.
A a, the
B /, a
C /; the
D
the; /
32 Please pass me the
pen____ cap is broken.
A
that
which
C
whose
D of which
33 All the electrical equipment _____
will be equipped in the office ______ great
importance
to us.
A that; are of
B that; is of
C what; is of
D what; are
of
34 Please go to the
station and _____ the time when the train will
leave.
A make sure
B find out
C find
D discover
35 It
is required that the work ____done next
week.
A will be
B is
C be
D must be
36 He
tried many times to sneak across the border to a
neighboring country, _____each
time.
A having
been caught
B unluckily
caught
C always being
caught D only to be caught
37 You can never imagine what great
difficulty we had_____ your house last
time.
A found
B to find
C
finding
D for
finding
38 We must work hard
to _____ the environment from____.
A protect, pollution
B protect, being polluting
C prevent, been polluted
D
prevent
,polluting
39 The staple
foods eaten in any country depend largely on ____
best in its climate and soil.
A how it grows
B that it grows
C what grows
D whether it
grows
40 The man
asked______________.
A was
there anything he could do
B
whether there was anything what he could
do
C there was
anything what he could do
D
if there was anything that he could do
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