-
RNAV
Area Navigation
(RNAV) provides the potential for increasing
airspace capacity both en-route
and in
the terminal area in two ways:
区域导航（
RNAV
）在以下两个方面为在航路以及终
端区提高空域能力提供了可能：
?
By
implementing routes
which do not
have to overfly
point source
navaids such as
VORs.
?
?
?
可以按照希望的航迹飞行而不必飞越助航设施（包括
VOR
）
By reducing the
lateral separation between aircraft tracks.
可以减少飞机航迹间的水平间隔
This means that the route structures
can be modified quickly and easily to meet the
changing
requirements of the user
community. The routes can be shorter, simpler and,
where necessary,
can be designed to
minimise the environmental impact. In the future,
higher levels of
navigation accuracy
and integrity are anticipated and this should lead
to the introduction of
closely spaced
parallel routes. RNAV can be used in all phases of
flight and, when
implemented correctly,
can result in:
这样意外着根据用户的需要
可以快速、简单的修改航路结构。航路可以更短、
更简单，
在需
要的
时候可以将外界的影响最小化。
在将来会出现更高精度和密
度的导航能力，
这将导致更加紧密排
列的平行航路。如果正确使
用
RNAV
技术可以应用在飞行的各个阶段：
< br>
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Improved
situational awareness for the pilot.
可以改进飞行员的位置感觉
Reduced workloads for both controller
and pilot.
可以降低管制员和飞行员的工作量；
Reduced environmental impact from
improved route/procedure designs.
通过修正的航路设计可以减少环境对飞行的影响
Reduced fuel consumption from shorter,
more direct routes.
更短、更直接的航路可以减少油耗
In order for RNAV to replace
conventional navigation techniques, it is
essential that:
RNAV
要取代传统的导航技术，需要：
?
The
navigation
infrastructure
(i.e.
the
ground-*based
and
space-based
navigation
positioning systems) provides adequate
coverage for the proposed route/procedure.
?
导航设施（比如地基、星基导航定
位系统）可以向设计的航路
/
程序提供足够的覆盖；
?
The
navigation
co-ordinate
data
meets
ICAO
accuracy
and
integrity
requirements.
This
means
that
all
the
co-
ordinates,
published
in
the
AIP
and
used
in
the
aircraft
navigation
databases,
must
be
referenced
to
WGS
84
and
the
user
must
have
the
necessary assurance that
this data has not been corrupted or inadvertently
modified.
?
导航坐标数
据满足
ICAO
精密度要求。所有
AI
P
以及飞机机载导航数据库中的坐标为
WGS-84
坐标，使用者要保证这些数据不会中断或被错误修改
?
The RNAV routes
and procedures have been designed and published in
accordance
with ICAO criteria to be
compatible with the airborne RNAV systems.
?
?
?
?
?
RNAV
航路和程序按照
ICAO
标准设计并与机载
RNAV
系统一致
The
airborne systems are certified for use on the RNAV
routes and procedures.
机载系统被批准在
< br>RNAV
航路和程序上使用
The
flight
crew
have
the
necessary
approval
to
operate
on
the
RNAV
routes
and
procedures
飞行
机组得到运行
RNAV
航路和程序的批准
B-RNAV
Basic Area
Navigation (B-RNAV) is the forerunner of the RNAV
programme. It was introduced
to enable
capacity gains to be achieved through
modifications to the en-route structure. It
requires aircraft conformance to a
track-keeping accuracy of ?5NM for at least 95% of
flight
time to ensure that the capacity
gains are achieved whilst meeting the required
safety targets.
基础区域导航（
B-RNAV
）是区域导航的前身。它要求飞机在沿航路飞行时具备足够
的能力修正
航迹。在至少
95%
的飞行
时间内，它要求飞机具备保持航迹精度在
25NM
以内以满足所
需的安
全目标。
B-RNAV
can be achieved using inputs from VOR/DME, DME/DME
or GPS. (INS may be used
for up to 2
hours after the last radio or on-ground update.
Loran C may be used in European
airspace where suitable coverage exists
and the aircraft system has been certified to FAA
AC
20-121A
–
no
JAA advisory material exists for LORAN C). The JAA
has published a
Temporary Guidance
Leaflet (TGL) No 2, AMJ 20X2, entitled
Guidance Material On
Airworthiness Approval And Operational
Criteria For The Use Of Navigation Systems In
European Airspace Designated For Basic
RNAV Operations
.
B-RNAV
可以使用
VOR/DME
、
DME/DME
或者
GPS
（在地面更新两小时内可以使用惯导，罗
兰
C
）
JAA
对于
B-RNAV
的使用有专门的指导
B-RNAV requirements became mandatory in
ECAC airspace on 23 April 1998 on the entire
ATS route network above FL 95. (In
certain States the minimum Flight Level was
initially set
higher) B-RNAV is also
being used on selected routes into and out of
terminal airspace in
some States.
从
1998
年
4
月
23
日
起，
B-RNA
V
在欧洲航线系统
FL95
以上是强制要求的，在某些国家进
出终端区时也要求
B-RNA
V
。
P-RNAV
is
the
aircraft
and
operator
approval
requirement
that
is
introduced
for
RNAV
procedures
in
ECAC
Terminal
Airspace.
Terminal
Airspace
procedures
that
require
P-RNAV
approval
are
designed
following
common
principles
which
ensure
that
procedure
design
and
execution
are
fully
compatible.
Additional
to
the
minimum
performance
and
functional
requirements
appropriate
for
Terminal
Airspace
RNAV
operations,
P-RNAV
approval
includes
navigation
data
integrity
requirements
and
flight
crew
procedures.
In
other
words,
P-RNAV
allows
Terminal
Airspace
operations
that
are
consistent
in
the
various
ECAC
States,
based
on
procedures
design
principles
and
aircraft
capabilities
that
meet
the
requirement
P-RN
AV
是欧洲管制区终端空域实施区域导航对飞机运营商的要求许可。要求获得
P-RNAV
许可的终端空
域程序需要满足共同的
规则以确保程序的设计与执行是协调一致的。
对于终端区区域导航运行，
最低性能要
求是必须的，此外，
P-RNAV
许可包括导航数据的完整性要求以及飞行机组程序。换句话说，
P-RN
AV
程序
设计原理和飞行性能满足要求的情况下可以允许在欧洲
国家终端空域执行。
In
other
words,
P-RNAV
allows
Terminal
Airspace
RNAV
operations
that
are
consistent
in
the
various
ECAC States, based
on a common set of design and operation
principles, ensuring consistent levels of
flight safety. This in contrast to the
current situation, where the variations in RNAV
approval requirements,
the variations
procedure design and procedure
publication/charting, and the variations in
navigation data
integrity, have been
recognised to be not without safety implications.
基于标准的设计与运行规则，
P-R
NAV
允许在欧洲终端空域实施区域导航程序。与现有情况相比，
P-RNAV
程序在运行许可、程序设计、导航精度等方面存在变化。
P(recision)-RNAV defines European
RNAV operations which satisfy a required track-
keeping accuracy of
±
1 NM
for at least 95% of the flight time.
<
/p>
P(recision)-RNAV
定义：在至少
95%
的飞行时间内满足
+1
海里的航迹保持精度
This level of
navigation accuracy can be achieved using DME/DME,
GPS or VOR/DME. It can also be
maintained for short periods using IRS
(the length of time that a particular IRS can be
used to maintain
P-RNAV accuracy
without external update is determined at the time
of certification).
该导航精度通过使
用
DME/DME
、
GPS
或者
VOR/DME
获得，也可以通过使用惯性基
准系统（
IRS
）在短
时间内保持（不
接受外界数据更新而保持
P-RNAV
精度的时间需要得到验证
）
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