大学生综合英语第四册_课后练习答案

《全新版大学英语综合教程》（第二版）第四册

Unit

1-4

课后练习

答案

Unit 1

Part I

Listening Task

Script for the recording:

The severity of Russian winter is often linked with Russian military

victories. In the Great Northern War, Charles XII of Sweden

invaded the Russia of Peter the Great. The Russians retreated,

adopting a scorched-earth policy. This particular winter happened

to be the most brutal winter of the 18th century, so severe that the

salt water port of Venice froze. Charles' 35,000 troops were

crippled, and only 19,000 were left after that winter.

In 1812, Napoleon's army of 610,000 men invaded Russia, heading

towards Moscow. The Russian army retreated before the French

and again burnt their crops and villages, denying the enemy their

use. Napoleon's army was ultimately reduced to 100,000. His army

suffered further, even more disastrous losses on the retreat from

Moscow. According to an American military study, the main body of

Napoleon's army, initially at least 378,000 strong,

half during the first eight weeks of his invasion, before the major

battle of the campaign.

The argument of the Russian winter may be mythologized. Failed

invaders liked to exaggerate the significance of weather conditions

in their failures. According to the meteorological records, the

1812-1813 winter was milder than usual.

During WWII the only cold winter was in 1941-1942, and the

German army lacked necessary supplies, such as winter uniforms,

due to the many delays in its movements. Hitler was so confident of

a quick victory that he did not prepare for even the possibility of

winter warfare in Russia. He was too confident in his

strategy. Yet his eastern army suffered more than 734,000

casualties during the first five months of the invasion, and on 27

November 1941, General Eduard Wagner reported that

the end of our resources in both personnel and materiel. We are

about to be confronted with the dangers of deep winter.

After Listening

1. link

2. burnt their crops and villages

3. exaggerate the significance

4. at the end of their resources

Part II

Reading task

Comprehension

Possible answers to content questions

1. It refers to the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.

2. He expected the conquest of Russia in five weeks.

3. Instead of fighting, they retreated eastward, burning their crops

and homes as they went. They let the Russian winter fight the war

for them while they bided their time.

4. Napoleon discovered that the occupation of the city was an

empty victory because the Russians fled their capital leaving him

almost nothing at all.

5. They suffered heavy losses as a result of the extreme cold and

the Russians' hit-and- run attacks.

6. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile.

7. Hitler began his invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941

without a declaration of war. He expected the campaign to last no

longer than three months by using the so-called

tactics.

8. No, he wasn't. He instructed the Russian people to

earth

9. The people of Leningrad refused to surrender and put up a

heroic, stiff resistance.

10. An early, severe, cold winter, to a large extent, slowed down

the German advance on Moscow.

11. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad turned the tide against

Hitler. The German victories were over.

12. The author concludes that the elements of nature must be

reckoned with in any military campaign.

Text

Organization

1.

Parts

Paragraphs

Main Ideas

Part One

Paras 1-2

Introduction

—

Both Napoleon's and Hitler's

military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian

winter.

Part Two

Paras 3 -11

Napoleon's military campaign against

Russia

Part Three

Paras 12-20

Hitler's military campaign against the

Soviet Union.

Part Four

Para 21

Conclusion

—

The elements of nature must

be reckoned with in any military campaign.

2.

Sections

Paragraphs

Main Ideas

Section One

Paras 12 -13

Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and

Stalin's scorched-earth policy.

Section Two

Paras 14 -18 The battles fought at Leningrad,

Moscow and Stalingrad.

Section Three

Paras 19-20

The Russian counter-offensive and

the outcome of the war.

Language Sense Enhancement

1.

1) the fierce resistance

2) the long march

3) the devastating enemy

4) bleak

5) launched

6) military might

7) mowed down

8) campaign

9) a painful lesson

10) the aid

Vocabulary

I.

1.

1) alliance

2) at the cost of

3) stroke

4) limp

5) minus

6) regions

7) declarations

8) siege

9) raw

10) bide his time

11) have taken their toll

12) in the case of

2.

1) is faced with

2) get bogged down

3) is pressing on/pressed on

4) drag on

5) get by

6) dine out

7) have cut back

8) get through

3.

1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of

cancer in the near future.

2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the

delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers' strike.

3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should

never get in the way of her career.

4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off

guard.

5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the

slide rule out of date/obsolete.

4.

1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had

to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and

mountainous regions to build up our base.

2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization.

Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many

cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle

in an organization.

3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the

decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the

tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet

troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German

army by launching a series of counterattacks.

II.

1 During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over

vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the

gloomy trenches of France and Belgium .

2 Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her

efforts/homework paid off.

3 I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but

he turned a deaf ear to all my words.

4 Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered

how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

III.

1 fall ill

2 lay dead at home for two weeks

3 dropped dead from a heart attack

4 fell asleep.

5

marrying young

6 to sit still for longer than a few minutes

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1

．

1) invasion

2) stand in the way

3) Conquest

4) catching (Stalin) off his guard

5) launching

6) declaration

7) campaign

8) drag on

9) reckon with

10) bringing (the German advance) to a halt

2

．

1) allow

2) reckoned

3) highly

4) forecasts

5) rapidly

6) instant

7) delivery

8) advantage

9) observing

10) powerful

II. Translation

1.

1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the

autumn harvest in on the farm.

2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with

the most sophisticated weapons.

3) Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil

is getting increasingly desperate.

4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate

in his judgement.

5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution,

the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the

cost of 100 jobs.

2.

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not

gained much ground. The division commander instructed our

battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch

a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross marshland

and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud.

Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough,

thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marchland

freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began

attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle.

The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.

Part III

Home Reading Task

Comprehension Check

1. d 2. d

3. b 4. a

5. b 6. d

Translation

1. 6

月

5

日被选定为进攻开始日，

其用意是留下一个安全系数，

以防

万一进攻需 要推迟。

2.

然而，

当年春夏之交大风暴异乎寻常地多，

希望在这个时候天气会

< br>出现一个适合进攻的风平浪静的间隙，可能性微乎其微。

3.

要是在原定地区登陆的话，

德军 海岸炮群无疑会拼命抵抗并给盟军

造成惨重伤亡。在新登陆区的登陆几乎没有遭到任何抵 抗。

4.

尽管困难重重，艾森豪威尔在与恶劣天气的赌博中赢得了胜利。

Language Practice

1.

1) d

2) h

3) b

4) a

5) f

6) e

7) c

8) g

2.

1) boast

2) obstacles

3) was concerned

4) call (it) off

5) paid off

6) was pinned down

7) contesting

8) prior to

9) hold out

10) objective

11) responsible for

12) in case

Part

IV

Comprehensive Language Practice

Model paper

Can Man Triumph over Nature?

When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things

come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight

against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the

promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a

broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new

forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.

Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these

attempts to tame it. New forms of disease that are resistant to

antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to

fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced

dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to

come.

However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the

wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with

nature rather than forever fighting against it.

(154 words)

Unit 2

Part I

Listening Task

Script for the recording:

We're going to see more and more automation as time goes on.

Making a car that goes more than 100 km/h isn't a huge

engineering problem

—

but human drivers can't respond fast

enough to make those speeds safe. Personally, I'm all in favor of

letting the car drive itself. I'd much rather trust my life to the efforts

of engineers and programmers than the angry, sleepy, distracted,

incompetent, drunken people who are behind a lot of wheels now.

It's often been said that anyone could have predicted the

automobile, but only a science-fiction writer could have predicted

the traffic jam. Well, here I am predicting the end of traffic jams:

computer-controlled cars won't get in each other's way, and they

won't slow down as their drivers gaze at accidents

—

in part

because there will be many fewer accidents, and in part because

the passengers in the car will be able to get a decent look without

the car going at a slower speed.

There really are a lot of pluses to the self-driving car: you can sleep,

drink, read, watch TV, do work

—

whatever you want

—

while

getting safely and efficiently to your destination. For my money, we

can't make the transition soon enough.

of the past; there's no reason driving should be frustrating, or why

car accidents should be the leading cause of death of men under

the age of 25.

Still, there will be a desire to get out on the open highway and just

drive

—

people do enjoy that, and it won't entirely disappear. But in

the future when we talk about hybrid cars we'll mean cars that can

be both self-driven and controlled by a driver; the terms

and

operating the vehicle. So, yeah, you can get out on the highway

when the mood strikes you

—

but most of the other vehicles will still

be driving themselves.

After Listening

1. the efforts of engineers and programmers

2. traffic jams

3. the leading cause of death

4. a hybrid

Part II

Reading task

Comprehension

Possible answers to content questions

1. The automobile industry ranked as among the most lucrative and

powerful industries of the twentieth century.

2. Cars and roads will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.

3. Because it is sensors that will enable vehicles and roads to be

able to see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act.

4. Sensors can sense if a driver is drunk and refuse to start up the

engine.

5. The radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. If

you make a serious driving mistake the computer will sound an

immediate warning.

6. If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or

her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could

alert the driver.

7. GPS makes it possible for smart cars to determine their location

on the earth to within about a hundred feet.

8. With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future

applications of GPS are virtually limitless.

9. It is expected to put smart cars on smart highways.

10. They are installing an MIT-designed system which will

introduce the

11. They have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may

well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United

States. By 2020, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles

of highways in the United States.

12. Smart highways could be an environmental boon, saving fuel,

reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an

alternative to highway expansion.

Text

Organization

1.

Parts

Paragraphs

Main Ideas

Part One

Paras

1-3

New technology will have a dramatic

impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.

Part Two

Paras

4

–

9

With the aid of advanced technology,

smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic

accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic

jams.

Part Three

Paras 10

–

13 GPS and

possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in a number

of ways.

2.

1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act.

2)

They can eliminate most of car accidents;

3)

They can alert the police and provide precise location of your

car if stolen;

4)

They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions

nearby;

5)

They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;

6)

They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.

Language Sense Enhancement

1.

1) cure

2) impact

3) orbiting satellites

4) warn of

5) location

6) At any given time

7) vibrate

8) detected

9) calculate

10) converted

Vocabulary

I

1.

1) expansion

2) automated

3) vapor

4) take control of

5) hazards

6) satellite

7) vibrated

8) magnetic

9) bunched

10) in the air

11) got/was stuck in

12) approximately

2.

1) send out

2) stand up for

3) pass for

4) were closing in on

5) starting up

6) went through

7) fill out

8) fall into

3.

1) The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features

2) To suspend our hammock, we need to find two trees ten feet

apart.

3) Jason faces up to 10 years in prison for offering bribery money to

the US navy official responsible for awarding lucrative contracts to

his construction firm.

4) Manufacturers usually begin by building the prototype of a new

model before they set up a factory to make the cars.

5) Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are

correlated in all racial groups.

4.

1) In the 1980s the notion that a car would drive itself was science

fiction; today with the application of telematics and remote control,

it almost has turned into a reality. Presently lots of the world’s

leading automobile companies are poised to launch new smart cars.

2) Sounds are produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate

that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is

measured in hertz, or vibrations per second.

3) Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in

some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the

road. What's more, automated vehicle- control technologies are

presently under development to improve highway safety. These

devices are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an

impending hazard or, in an emergency, override the actions of the

driver.

II. Word Formation

Clipped words

Blends

kilo

kilogram

Medicare

medical care

memo

memorandum

email

electronic mail

gym

gymnasium

comsat

communications

satellite

lib

liberation

newscast

news broadcast

doc

doctor

skyjack

sky hijack

vet

veterinarian

Eurodollar

European dollar

prep

preparatory

brunch

breakfast and

lunch

auto

automobile

telecast

television

broadcast

flu

influenza

Oxbridge

Oxford and

Cambridge

III. Usage

1. swimming pool

2. drawing board

3. enriched Middle English

4. disturbing change

5. fully developed prototype

6. Canned foods

7. working population

8. puzzling differences

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1.

1 ) computerized

2) start up

3) be poised to

4) alert

5) hazards

6) monotonous

7) take control of

8) steer

9) lane

10) decrease

11) calculate

12) eliminate

13) getting stuck in

14) mounted

15) detect

16) vapor

2.

1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled

5)

opportunities

6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact

10) fatalities

II. Translation

1.

1

）

There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound

of artillery in the distance.

2

）

The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has

been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in

social problems.

3

）

The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are

closely correlated with global temperatures.

4

）

The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to

12 minute recently.

5

）

The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump

at the signal from the coach.

2. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized

transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do

business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially

highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer

technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing

cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For

example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol

vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also

monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from

orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck

in traffic jams.

Part III Home Reading Task

Comprehension Check

1. a 2. c

3. c 4. d

5. b 6. b

Translation

1.

这类系统易受气候变化的影响，

提供的数据不够精确，

但它们不需

要特别的道路设施，只需要将车道标志维护好就行了。

2.

然而，不用多久，其成本就能为广大 车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受，

尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向市场，开始了批量 生产。

3.

电子驾驶应用的最大障 碍可能在于一种普遍的观念，

认为这一技术

的应用比实际情况更 困难，更昂贵。

4.

考虑到所有这 些运用安全自动化交通运输系统的经验，

开发由自动

控制系统操 纵的公路车辆算不上什么大的飞跃。

Language Practice

1

1) c

2) a

3) e

4) b

5) f

6) g

7) d

8) h

2

1) en route

2) matures

3) equivalent

4) feasible

5) in cooperation with

6) exposure

7) At the start of

8) thereby

9) implemented

10) realistic

11) component

12) by means of

Part IV

Comprehensive Language Practice

Sample Ré

sumé

Hong Qin

Rm. 316, New College Dormitory

Xuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan Road

Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009

Tel: (025) 89709399

Email:

hqin@

Employment Objective

Reporter position with a major newspaper or magazine

Education

Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, Xuanwu University, Nanjing,

Jiangsu, July 2010

? Graduated Magna Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scale

? Proficient with MS Office, Lotus Notes, Windows XP and the

Internet

? Courses taken included:

Reporting Public Affairs

Feature Writing

Computer Assisted Reporting

Theories of Mass

Communication

Writing for Mass Communication

Advertising and Public

Relations

World Press Systems

Advanced Newspaper Design

Employment Experience

Reporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post, 101 South

Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210005, June 2009 to August

2009

? Researched information for stories for the Transportation and

Tourism columns

? Interviewed contributors both over the phone and in person

? Met every daily deadline successfully, with 100% completion of

all assigned reports by specified deadlines

Assistant Editor/Reporter with Jinling Evening News, 53 Jiefang

Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, July, 2008

—

present

? Responsible for reporting student activities at Xuanwu University

? Developed fortnightly stories without missing a single deadline

Awards

Second Place in the News Writing Competition for Students of

Journalism in Nanjing, 2009 Xuanwu Award for Excellence in

Journalism, 2008

Professional Interests

Member of

the Journalists’ Association of Jiangsu Province

Vice chairman of the Student Union at Xuanwu University

Proficient in both Chinese and English

Personal Data

Date of Birth: June 27, 1987

Place of Birth: Jinan, Shandong Province, China

Nationality: Chinese

Sex: Male

Health: Excellent

Hobbies: Photography, music, chess

References and writing samples available upon request.

Unit 3

Part I

Listening Task

Script for the recording:

As you battle the competitive job market, your ré

sumé

is going to

be the key weapon you use to get hired. For better or for worse, this

is your calling card to the recruiting directors of the business world.

There is one key piece of advice that seems to get lost on most

people, one of the most important things you can do when applying

for a job. And it is this: Target your ré

sumé

.

People, we work in advertising. What do you think your ré

sumé

is?

It’s just an ad for you. Just like a good ad targets its consumer, a

good ré

sumé

hits the target right between the eyes a

nd says, ―You

have to hire me.‖ In this case, the consumer is the recruiting

director at the company where you’d like to work. Never forget that.

Here’s what I mean: Recruiting directors are a practical lot. They

want to find the ―easiest‖ possible person

to hire. That is, someone

who fits their job description perfectly.

If the job description says they are looking for an account director

with, at least, 5 years of experience and a background in package

goods, that’s exactly who they want to hire. Now, that doesn’t mean

they won’t consider anyone else, but where do you think they are

going to start?

If you have more than five or so years of experience, you can start

your ré

sumé

with a summary. A summary captures about four or

five bullet points that show

why you’re a perfect match for the job.

In our example above, that first bullet point would say something

like:

Account director with more than 5 years of experience leading

diverse agency teams as large as 18 on package-goods accounts

including Unilever and Hershey.

When they pick up that ré

sumé

, you want them to nod and think,

―This person is perfect for the job.‖

After Listening

1. calling card

2. target one’s résumé

3. job description

4. summary

Part II

Reading Task

Comprehension

Possible answers to content questions:

1. He runs a manufacturing company.

2. Almost all of them were no.

3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for

and therefore ill qualified.

4. Prepare to win.

5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.

6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness

-- backhand court.

7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.

8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.

9. His efforts to make a difference.

10. He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with

one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport

there was closed for the first time in decades.

11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he

was the first person to take off from there.

12. Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the

writer recommends to job applicants.

Text Organization

1.

Parts Paragraphs

Main Ideas

Part One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his

interview.

Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful

interviewee.

Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.

2.

Suggestions

Examples

1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan

2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player

3) Believe in yourself, 3) the four- minute mile, the New York

Marathon and the

even when no one else does.

Vietnam veteran.

4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver.

Language Sense Enhancement

1.

(1) checked with (2) interview

(3) grill

(4) clippings

(5) be right for (6) follow up

(7) indicating

（

8

）

han d-delivered

(9) prepared

(10) prospective

Language Focus

I.

1.

1) rude

2) physically

3) structure

4) made a difference

5) blurted (out)

6) chuckling

7) measurable

8) prospective

9) preparations

10) sparkled

11) took a crack at

12) partner

2.

1) go after

2) look back at/on

3) be put up

4) stood for

5) build in

6) follow up

7) be hooked up to

8) closed up

3.

1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night

2) Before the appearance of her Fairy Godmother, it was beyond

Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the

King’s palace

3) The translation of the popular novel has just been finished and a

Chinese version will be in readers’ hands soon

4) As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before

going on an interview.

5) Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the

neighborhood of 150 dollars.

4.

1

）

The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the

two local applicants, as well as the two veteran landscapers

recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pick out the

prospective designer for the construction of the city square.

2

）

From his standpoint, the project manager has made every

endeavor to go after the best engineer for the work of cleaning up

the river before the deadline set by the mayor.

3) Life is short, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often

want to have a crack at everything they think is interesting, but the

problem is they barely have the time or energy for such endeavors.

II. Words with Multiple Meanings

1. behave 2. used to avoid repetition

3. clean

4. get along

5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete

7. study

8. be enough

9. be acceptable

III. Usage

1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin.

OK, I’ll talk about myself first.

2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card.

By the way, I have something here for you.

3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by

anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an

advantage?

4.

I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.

By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your

seminar in Shanghai.

5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as

little effort as possible?

6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent

me are wonderful.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1.

(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework

(4)

beforehand

(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond

(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint (11) make a

difference (12) follow up

2.

(1) encouraging (2) inquiry

(3) relevant

(4) samples

(5) references

(6) advice

(7) preparing

(8) seriously

(9) probably

(10) exhibit

II. Translation

1.

1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency

landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for

only a short while.

2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out)

that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.

3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working

together, we’ll have the future in our hands.

4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends

home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have

barely enough food and drinks for a snack.

5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms

with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken

area.

2.

Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely

important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking

employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his

homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.

I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of

100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He

told me that from his own experience the decision makers who

interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared.

Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his

prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of

success.

Part III

Home Reading Task

Comprehension Check

1. b

2. c

3. a

4. a

5. a

6. b

Translation

1.

父母 亲都觉得我不会被录用。

―

你要有后台才行。那可是一家美国< /p>

机构，洛克菲勒基金会。你一定要有后台。

‖

2.

当然，不工作就没饭吃，除非嫁人，那叫做

―

终于有了归宿。

‖

3.

她留着新式的发型，

是我所喜欢 的那种满头卷发竖立着的式样，

穿

着下摆印有花纹的裙子。

由于她怀孕已快足月，

所以她向我走过来时

似乎是她的肚子最先到达我的面前。

4.

< br>我跟哈内德先生说了，

你刚才是因害羞不安而没法做记录的。

他挺

不错的，只要慢慢习惯起来就行了。

Language Practice

1.

1) g 2) f 3) a 4) e

5) h 6) b 7) c 8) d

2.

1) intricate

2) came at

3) administration

4) benign

5) get in

6) scraps

7) brand

8) carved

9) coiled

10) quivered

11) take on

12) put in a (good) word

Part

IV

Comprehensive Language Practice

Model Application Letter

Rm. 316, New College Dormitory

Xuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan Road

Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008

Tel: (025) 9709399

Email:

hqin@

August 25, 2010

Dr. Guoliang Li

Director of the Human Resources Office

Shanghai Star

20F, Huaihai Building

200 Huaihai Road (Middle)

Shanghai 200021

Dear Dr. Li,

In searching for employment opportunities on the Internet, I learned

of a job vacancy in the Public Affairs Reporting Section of your

newspaper. I believe that my qualifications match the requirements

you have listed for the position.

As a journalism major at Xuanwu University in Nanjing, my

academic training has enabled me to develop my writing and

editing skills, particularly in the reporting of public affairs. At college,

English, Reporting Public Affairs, Advertising and Public Relations

have been my favorite subjects. I would like to utilize my interests

and training to the fullest through working on a newspaper as

well-known as your own.

My ré

sumé

reflects my experience as a journalistic intern with two

newspapers in Nanjing. While working there I did both research

work and reporting. I greatly enjoyed work as a professional

reporter and the challenge of writing to deadlines, all of which I

successfully met.

I have won several awards for my journalistic work and was

admitted to the Journalists' Association of Jiangsu Province last

year. I was the vice chairman of the Students' Union in my

university for two years. The enclosed ré

sumé

provides further

information about my experience and background.

I wonder if it would be possible for us to meet one of these days so

that you could learn more about me and I could find out more about

the specifics of the job. Please call me anytime on (025) 9709399

Monday through Friday. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,

Hong Qin

Hong Qin

Unit 4

Part I Listening Task

Script for the recording:

Globalization is the latest proof of the virtues of free trade first

advocated in 1817 by the British economist David Ricardo.

According to him, trade is always beneficial because it encourages

nations to specialize in the products at which they are best and

import those they are less good at. So if a developed country like

the U.S. is much better at making computers than a developing

country like China but only a little better at making sweat shirts, the

U.S. should concentrate on making computers, and American

colleges should source their logoed goods in Guangdong province.

Both the U.S. and China would benefit.

However, Nobel prize winner Paul Samuelson, a professor

emeritus at M.I.T., argues that if the poor country suddenly learns

how to make more efficiently the goods in which the rich country

specializes

—

say, if China becomes brilliant at making

computers

—

then the rich country will no longer benefit from free

trade. In fact, wages in the rich country will fall.

Globalization's defenders reply by saying, Relax: it will never

happen. First, it is unrealistic to assume that China or India will

suddenly excel in high-end, high- technology innovation. For the

past few months, there have been reports of skilled-labor shortages

in the most economically advanced areas of China. Second, free

traders argue that even if China and India become advanced

economies almost overnight, they will look just like Germany and

Japan. And nobody argues that trade between rich economies

doesn't benefit everyone.

After Listening

1. (the virtues of) free trade

2. make the products at which they are best and import those they

are less good at

3. no longer benefit from it

4. high-end, high-technology goods.

Part II Reading Task

Comprehension

Possible answers to content questions:

1. Because he feels he is completely international.

2. What he means is that if one has a network of friends and enjoy

what one is doing, one can function well anywhere in the world.

3. It refers to a member of the international business é

lite who treks

each year to the Swiss Alpine town of Davos for the annual meeting

of the World Economic Forum.

4. The issues include everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in

Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of

nanotechnology.

5. They all believe that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital,

labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and

unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast,

interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the

most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods

and services.

6. He describes Davos Man as an emerging global superspecies

and a threat.

7. Yes, global trade has been around for centuries. In the past, the

corporations and countries that benefited from global trade were

largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine

natural resources or sell finished products.

8. It predicted that four economies

—

Russia, Brazil, India and

China

—

will become a much larger force in the world economy

than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and

economic growth, with China potentially overtaking Germany this

decade. By 2050, these four newcomers will likely have displaced

all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the world.

9. It refers to low-paid migrant workers from Asia and elsewhere

who are increasingly providing key services around the world.

10. Unlike Davos Man, Manila Woman is strongly patriotic.

11. Because he thinks that there are still too many barriers to

cross-border business in Europe, let alone the world.

12. Davos Man needs to figure out how to strike a balance on a

global scale between being international and being national at the

same time.

Text Organization

1.

Parts

Paragraphs

Main Ideas

Part One

Paras 1-3

Introduction to Davos Man and the

World Economic Forum

Part Two

Paras 4-5

Debate over the impact of globalization

on current society and culture

Part Three

Paras 6-8

History of globalization and its recent

trends and future prospects

Part Four

Paras 9-11

Globalization versus nationalism and

the challenges it faces

2.

1) Davos Man spends a lot of time in places other than his native

country.

2) Davos Man sees their identity as a matter of personal choice, not

an accident of birth.

3) Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of

capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both

welcome and unstoppable.

4) Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast,

interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the

most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods

and services.

Language Sense Enhancement

1.

(1) identity

(2) birth

(3) incidentally

(4) annual

(5) networking

(6) implications

(7) considerable

(8) unimpeded

(9) interconnected (10) advantageous

Language Focus

I.

1.

1) advantageous

2) let alone

3) witnessing, vanishing

4) landmark

5) entitled

6) displace

7) Establishment

8) patriotic, strengthen

9) contradictions

10) aspires

11) divorced

12) pendulums

2.

1) come to

2) dozed off

3) believed in

4) was set apart

5) take in

6) sucks in

7) clean up

8) turn away

3.

1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train

or by bus.

2) Toyota has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car

maker.

3) Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his

wife over money matters.

4) Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.

5) She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a

meal.

4.

1) China is increasingly popular with foreign companies that have

decided to accelerate their own growth by increasing their

investment in the Asian Pacific region.

2)

To ensure a steady growth in our national economy, we must

make an earnest effort to stimulate our domestic demand and strike

a balance between saving and consumption.

3) It is beyond any doubt that green buildings designed now by only

a handful of environment- conscious architects will be endorsed by

more and more people and they will be put up on a large scale in

the not too distant future.

II. Word Formation

Abbreviation Full Term Chinese Meaning

WTO World Trade Organization

世界贸易组织

GDP gross domestic product

国内生产总值

ATM automated teller machine

自动出纳机

VAT value- added tax

增值税

CAD computer-aided design

计算机辅助设计

IT information technology

信息技术

IDD international direct dialing

国际直拨电话

MTV music television

音乐电视

Radar radio detecting and ranging

雷达

IOC International Olympic Committee

国际奥委会

VIP very important person

贵宾

,

大人物

Laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

激光

CPU central processing unit

中央处理器

III. Usage

1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his

birthday.

2)

The reason (he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was

unsatisfactory.

3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.

4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then

dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply

not going to happen anytime soon.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1.

1) academics

2) networking

3) a variety of

4) growth

5) vanish

6) facilitate

7) endorsing

8) outlook

9) sweeping aside

10) patriotic

11) erasing

12) strike a

balance

2.

1) aided

2) effects

3) distances

4) connected

5) invested

6) features

7) prevailing

8) qualitatively

9) volume

10) Distinguishing

III. Translation

1.

1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John

has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.

2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and

committed to work.

3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children,

Mary cares more about her personal growth.

4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds

with you?

5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to

strengthen cooperation with

developing countries.

2.

Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For

example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban

areas to look for a job. And for those young people who aspire to

study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has

become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable

number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in

recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term

growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the

links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They

follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them

don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry

them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional

Chinese culture might one day vanish.

Part III

Home Reading Task

Comprehension Check

1. c

2. a

3. b

4. b

5. c

6. d

Translation

1.

如果

9/11

有什么引人注目的地方，那就是恐怖主义者们来自世界

上全球化程度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地方：沙特阿拉伯、

也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。

2.

―

全球化疲劳在欧美仍很显著，而在中国和印度这样的地方，你会

发现人们急切地想参与到经济扩张进程中来，

‖

印度国大党的首席经

济顾问杰伦

?

兰密施说。

3.

< br>印度大多数人是不是还生活在贫穷的乡村？确实如此。

我们是不是

需要强迫富裕的西方国家进一步开放市场，

好让贫穷国家销售它们最