-
Foreword
By Rajat Gupta, ICC
Chairman
The global economy
has given business broader access than ever
before
to
markets
all
over
the
world.
Goods
are
sold
in
more
countries
，
in
large quantities, and in greater variety. But as
the
volume
and
complexity
of
global
sales
increase,
so
do
possibilities for misunderstandings and
costly disputes when sale
contracts are
not adequately drafted.
The Incoterms? rules, the ICC rules on
the use of domestic and
international
trade terms, facilitate the conduct of global
trade.
Reference
to
an
Incoterms
2010
rule
in
a
sale
contract
clearly
defines
the
parties'
respective
obligations
and
reduces
the
risk
of legal complications.
Since
the
creation
of
the
Incoterms
rules
by
ICC
in
1936,
this
globally
accepted
contractual
standard
has
been
regularly
updated
to
keep
pace
with
the
development
of
international
trade. The
Incoterms 2010
rules take account of
the continued
spread
of
customs-free
zones,
the
increased
use
of
electronic
communications
in
business
transactions,
heightened
concern
about
security
in
the
movement
of
goods
and
consolidates
in
transport
practices.
Incoterms2010
updates
and
consolidates
the 'delivered' rules, reducing the
total number of rules from 13
to
11,
and
offers
a
simpler
and
clearer
presentation
of
all
the
rules.
Incoterms
2010
is
also
the
first
version
of
the
Incoterms
rules
to
make
all
references
to
buyers
and
sellers
gender-neutral.
The
broad
expertise
of
ICC's
Commission
on
Commercial
Law
and Practice, whose membership is drawn
from all parts of the
world
and
all
trade
sectors,
ensures
that
the
Incoterms
2010
rules respond to business needs
everywhere defines the parties'
respective
obligations
and
reduces
the
risk
of
legal
complications.
ICC
would
like
to
express
its
gratitude
to
the
members
of
the
Commission,
chaired
by
Fabio
Bortolotti
(Italy),
to
the
Drafting
Group,
which
comprised
Charles
Debattista
(Co-Chair,
France),
Jens
Bredow
(Germany),
Johnny
Herre
(Sweden),
David
Lwee
(UK),
Lauri
Railas
(Finland),
Frank
Reynolds
(US),and
Miroslav
Subert
(Szech
Republic),
and
to
Asko
Raty
(Finland)
for
assistance with the images depicting
the 11 rules.
Incoterms 2010
1/88
前言
国际商会主席
Rajat
Gupta
全球经济一体化使得商业通向世界各地市场的途
径空前
宽广。各种各样的货物被销售到世界各地。然而，随着
全
球贸易数额的增加和贸易复杂性的加强，因贸易合同
起草不恰当而带来的误解和高代价争
端也可能随之增
加。
国际贸易术语解释通则，国际商会
规则在国内和国际贸
易用语的使用促进了全球贸易的进行。在贸易合同中引
用国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
可明确界定各方义务并
降低法律纠纷产生的风险。
自从<
/p>
1936
年国际商会制定出国际贸易术语解释通则之
后，此项在全球范围内被采用的合同标准就经常性地更
新换代，与国际贸易的
发展步调一致。国际贸易术语解
释通则
2010
考虑了免税贸易区的不断增加，
电子沟通在
商务中的不
断增多，以及被更加重视的货物运输中的安
全和变化等问题。国际贸易术语解释通
则
2010
更新并
加强了交货规则，将规则总量从
13
条
减少到了
11
条，
并且使得所有规则的
表述更加简洁明确。国际贸易术语
解释通则
2010
同时也是第一个使得所有在买卖双方中的
适用保持中立的第一个国际贸易术
语解释版本。
国际商
会的商法和实践委员会成员来自世界各地和多个
贸易部门，该委员会广泛的专业技能确保
了国际贸易术
语解释通则
2010
与各
地的商贸需求相适应。
国际商会向
Fabio Bortolotti
（
意大利）
的商法和实践委员
会的成员表示谢意，向由
Charles Debattista
（副组长，英
国）
，
Christo
ph Martin Radtke
（
副组长，
法国）
，
Jens Bredow
（德国），
Johnny
Herre
（瑞典），
David
Lwee
（英国），
Lauri
Railas
（芬兰），
Frank
Reynold
（美国），
Miroslav
Subert
（捷克）组成的起草小组致谢，并且向对
11
条规
则的表述给予帮助的
Asko
Raty
（芬兰）致谢。
贸易术语解释通则
2010
INTRODUCTION
介绍
The
Incoterms?
rules
explain
a
set
of
three-
letter
trade
terms
Incoterms?
规则规定了一系列在货物销售商业合同实践
< br>reflecting business-to-business practice in contracts for the sale
中使用的三字母系列贸易术语
Inc
oterms?
规则主要描述
of goods. The
Incoterms? rules describe mainly the tasks, costs
了货物从卖方到买方运输过程中涉及的责任，费用和风
and
risks involved in the delivery of goods from
sellers to buyers.
险的划分。
How to use the Incoterms?
2010 rules
1. Incorporate the
Incoterms? 2010 rules into your contract of
sale
If you want the
Incoterms? 2010 rules to apply to your contract,
you should make this clear in the
contract, through such words
as,
“[the
chosen
Incoterms
rule
including
the
named
place,
followed by] Incoterms?
2010”.
如何适用
Incoterms?2010
规则
1.
把
Incoterms?2010
规则应用到销售合同中
如果要使合同适用
Incoterms
规则
2010
，应在合同中明
确表明，例如：所选择
的
Incoterms
规则（含指定地点）
适用
Incoterms?
规则
2010
。
2.
选择适宜的
Incoterms
规则
所选的
Incoterms
规则需要与货物，采取的运输方式相
适宜，最重要的是合同双方是否意欲添加额外的义务，
例如将办理运
输或保险的义务加于买方或卖方。每个贸
易术语的指导性解释中的信息对作出如此的决定
非常有
帮助。不论选用何种
Incoterms
规则，双方应该意识到
< br>对合同的解释会受到使用的港口或地址惯例影响。
2. Choose the appropriate Incoterms
rule
The
chosen
Incoterms
rule
needs
to
be
appropriate
to
the
goods, to the means of
their transport, and above all to whether
the
parties
intend
to
put
additional
obligations,
for
example
such
as the obligation to organize carriage or
insurance, on the
seller
or
on
the
buyer.
The
Guidance
Note
to
each
Incoterms
rule
contains
information
that
is
particularly
helpful
when
making
this
choice.
Whichever
Incoterms
rule
is
chosen,
the
parties should be aware the
interpretation of their contract may
well
be
influenced
by
customs
particular
to
the
port
or
place
being
used.
3. Specify your place
or port as precisely as possible
3.
尽可能精准地描述你方地址或港口名称
The
chosen Incoterms rule can work only if the parties
name a
只有当事人双方选定特定的一个收货地或港口时，所选
< br>place or port, and will work best if the parties specify the place
术语才能发挥作用。地点或港
口名称越精准，
Incoterms
or port as
precisely as possible.
规则越有效。
A good
example of such precision would
be:
：
以下精准描述就是一个很好的例子：
“FCA 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France
Incoterms
2010”.
FCA38 Cours Albert 1er
，法国巴黎，
2010
通则
Under the
Incoterms rule
在
Incoterms
规则下：
Ex Works(EXW),
EXW
工厂交货（
……
指定地点）
Free
Carrier(FCA),
FCA
货交承运人
(……
指定地点
)”<
/p>
Delivered at Terminal(DAT),
DAT
终点站交货
(……
指定目的地
)
Delivered at Place(DAP),
DAP
地点交货
(……
指定目的地
)
Delivered Duty Paid(DDP),
DDP
完税后交货
(……
指定目的地
)
Free Alongside
Ship(FAS),
FAS
船
边交货
(……
指定装运港
)
and Free on Board(FOB),
FOB
船上交货
(……
指定装运港
)
the named place
is the place where delivery takes place and
此处所指地点为交货地点，同时风险也从卖方转移至买
where risk passes from the seller to the
buyer.
方。
Incoterms 2010
2/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
Under the Incoterms rule
Carriage Paid to (CPT),
Carriage and Insurance Paid to(CIP),
Cost and Freight(CFR)
Cost, Insurance and
Freight(CIF),
The named
place differs from the place of delivery. Under
these
four Incoterms rules, the named
place is the place of destination
to
which carriage is paid.
Incoterms
规则下
CPT
运费付至（
……
指定目的地）
CIP
运
费、保险费付至
(…
指定目的地
)
CFR
成本加运费
(……
指定目的港
)
CIF
成本、保险费
加运费
(
指定目的港
)
所指地点随交货地不同而不同。在这四条
Incoterms
规
则下，所指地点为运费付至地。
Indications
as
to
place
or
destination
can
helpfully
be
further
为了避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以
进一步阐
specified by stating a precise
point in that place or destination in
述为一个精确的地点。
order
to avoid doubt or argument.
谨记
Incoterms
规则并没有给当事人提供一份完整的
4. Remember
that Incoterms rules do not give you a complete
4
．
销售合同
contract of sale
Incoterms
rules do say which party to the sale contract has
the
Incoterm
规则确有阐述销售合同中当事人的
特定义务，
obligation
to
make
carriage
or
insurance
arrangements,
when
当卖方将货物运至买方时，办理运输和保险义务的承担。
the seller delivers the goods to the
buyer, and which costs each
party is responsible for.
Incoterms rules, however, say nothing
about the price to be paid
or
the
method
of
its
payment.
Neither
do
they
deal
with
the
然而，
Incoterms
并没有任何关于付款价格或付款方式的
transfer
of
ownership
of
the
goods,
or
the
consequences
of
a
规定，或是货物所有权的转
移，违约的后果等。这些问
breach
of
contract.
These
matters
are
normally
dealt
with
题通常是通过销售合同的明示条款和适用的法律条文
来
through
express
terms
in
the
contract
of
sale
or
in
the
law
解决。当事人需要注意的是，当地强制适用的法律有可
governing
that
contract.
The
parties
should
be
aware
that
mandatory
local
law
may
override
any
aspect
of
the
sale
能优先于销售合同的内容，包括所选择的
Incoterms
规
contract, including the
chosen Incoterms rules.
Main features of the Incoterm@2010
rules
则。
Incoterms?2010
的主要特征
1.
Two
new
Incoterms
ruls
–
DAT
and
DAP
–
have
replaced
1.
两个新的贸易术语，即
DAT
和
DAP
代替了原来
Incoterms2000
的
DAF,DES,DEQ
和
DDU
术语。
the Incoterms
2000 rules DAF, DES DEQ and DDU.
The
number
of
Incoterms
rules
has
been
reduced
from
13
to
贸易术语的数量从原来的
13
个减少到
11
个。
11.
This
has
been
achieved
by
substituting
two
rules
that
may
be
Incoterms2010
用两个可以不顾及已议定的运输模式的
used
irrespective
of
the
agreed
mode
of
transport
—
DAT,
新术语
——
DAT
，目的地交货和<
/p>
DAP
，指定地交货
< br>——
Delivered
at
Terminal,
and
DAP,
Delivered
at
Place
—
for
the
代替了
Incoterms2000
中的
DAF,DES,SEQ
和
DDU
术
Incoterms
2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU.
语。
Under both new
rules, delivery occurs at a named destination: in
DAT
和
DAP
术语都规定需在指定地点交货：在
DAT
DAT, at the buyer’s
disposal unloaded
from the arriving
vehicle
情况下，从运输工具上卸下货物交由买方处置（这和先
(as
under the former DEQ
rule); in DAP,
likewise at the buyer’s
disposal, but
ready for unloading (as under the former DAF, DES
and DDU rules).
Incoterms
2010
3/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
前的
DEQ
术语一样）；在
DAP
情况下同样交由买方
处置，但需做好卸货的准备（这和先前的
DAF,
DES
和
DDU
术语一样）。
The
new
rules
make
the
Incoterms
2000
rules
DES
and
DEQ
新贸易术语的使用，使
Incoterms
< br>2000
中的
DES
和
DEQ
成
superfluous. The
named terminal in DAT may well be in a port,
为多余。
DAT
的目的地可以是港口，因此
DAT
可以用于
and
DAT
can
therefore
safely
be
used
in
cases
where
the
在
Incoterms
2000
下
DEQ
适用的情况。同样的，
DAP
中运
In
coterms
2000
rule
DEQ
once
was.
Likewise,
the
arriving
达货物的交通工具可以是轮船，而目的地也
可以是港口，
“vehicle” under DAP may well
be
a ship and the named place of
因此
DAP
可以用于
Inc
oterms2000
下
DES
适用的
情况。
这两
destination may well be
a port: consequently, DAP can safely be
个新的术语，和先前的几个术语一样，是由卖方承担所
used
in
cases
where
the
Incoterms
2000
rule
DES
once
was.
有费用（除了与
进口清算有关的费用）和货物到达目的
These
new
rules,
like
their
predecessors,
are
“delivered”,
with
地前的风险。
the
seller
bearing
all
the
costs
(other
than
those
related
to
import
clearance,
where
applicable)
and
risks
involved
in
bringing the goods to the named place
of destination.
2. Classification of the 11
Incoterms? 2010 rules
2.
Incoterms?2010
中
11
种贸易术语的分类
The
11
Incoterms?
2010
rules
are
presented
in
two
distinct
Incoterms?2010
11
种贸易术语目前被分为两类：
classes
：
RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF
适用于任何运输方式的术语：
TRANSPOTR
EXW
FCA
CPT
CIP
DAT
DAP
DDP
EX WORKS
FREE CARRIER
CARRIAGE PAID
TO
CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO
DELIVERED AT TERMINAL
DELIVERED AT PLACE
DELIVERED
DUTY PAID
EXW
FCA
CPT
CIP
DAT
DAP
DDP
适用于海上和内陆水上运输的术语：
FAS
FOB
CFR
CIF
船边交货
船上交货
成本加运费
成本、保险费加运费
工厂交货
货交承运人
运费付至
运费及保险费付至
目的地交货
所在地交货
完税后交货
RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND
WATERWAY TRANSPORT
FAS
FOB
CFR
CIF
FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP
FREE ON BOARD
COST AND
FREIGHT
COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT
The first class includes
the seven Incoterms? 2010 rules that can
第一种分类中的七种贸易术语不用考虑所选用运输方式
be
used
irrespective
of
the
mode
of
transport
selected
and
的种类。
EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,DAP
和
DDP
都属于
irrespective of whether
one or more than one mode of transport
第一种分类。它们甚至可以运用于没有海上运输的情况
is
employed. EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP and DDP
belong to
下。谨记只要运输中一个部分运用过船只便可以适用此
this
class.
They
can
be
used
even
when
there
is
no
maritime
类术语。
transport
at
all.
It
is
important
to
remember,
however,
that
these rules
can be used in cases where a ship is used for part
of
the carriage.
In
the
second
class
of
Incoterms?
2010
rules,
the
point
of
在第二类术语中，
交货点和把货物送达买方的地点都是
delivery
and
the
place
to
which
the
goods
are
carried
to
the
Incoterms 2010
4/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
buyer are both ports, hence the label
“sea and
inland waterway”
港
口
，
所
以
只
适
用
于
“
海
上
< br>或
内
陆
水
上
运
输
”
。
rules. FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF belong to
this class.
Under the last
FAS,FOB,CFR
和
CIF
都属于这一类。
最后的三个术
语，
three Incoterms
rules, all
mention of the ship’s rail as the point
删除了以越过船舷为交货标准而代之以将货物装运上
of
delivery has been omitted in preference for the
goods being
船。这更准确的反应了现代商业现实，避了以往风险围
delivered
when
they
are
“on
board”
the
vessel.
This
more
绕船舷这条虚拟垂线来回摇摆。
closely
reflects
modern
commercial
reality
and
avoids
the
rather
dated
image
of
the
risk
swinging
to
and
fro
across
an
imaginary perpendicular line.
3.
国内贸易和国际贸易的规定
3. Rules for domestic and international
trade
传统的
Incoterms
规则只在国际销售合同中运用，此种
Incoterms
rules have traditionally been used in
international sale
交易货物运输都需跨越国界。在世界许多地区
，商业集
contracts where goods pass across
national boarders. In various
团如欧盟使得不同国
家间的过关手续不再重要。
所以，
areas
of
the
world,
however,
trade
blocs,
like
the
European
Incoterms?2010
正式认可所有的贸易规则既可以适用
Union,
have
made
border
formalities
between
different
于
国
内
交
易
也
可
以
适
用
于
国
际
交
易
。
所
以
，<
/p>
countries
less
significant.
Consequently,
the
subtitle
of
the
Incoterms?
2010
rules
formally
recognize
that
they
are
Incoterms?2010
在一些地方明确规定，只有在适当的时
available
for
application
to
both
international
and
domestic
候，才有义务遵从进口或者出口的手续。
sale
contracts.
As
a
result,
the
Incoterms?
2010
rules
clearly
state
in
a
number
of
places
that
the
obligation
to
comply
with
export/import formalities
exists only where applicable.
Two
developments
have
persuaded
ICC
that
a
movement
in
两个新发展使得
ICC
相信向这个方向的改革是适宜的。
this
direction is timely. Firstly, traders commonly use
Incoterms
首先，
商人们普遍在国内贸易合同使用<
/p>
Incoterms2010
规
rules
for
purely
domestic
sale
contract.
The
second
reason
is
则。其次，比起先前提到的统一的商业规则中的运输和
the
greater
willingness
in
the
Unites
States
to
use
Incoterm
交付术语，在国内贸易中更多美国人愿意使用
rules
in
domestic
trade
rather
than
the
former
Uniform
Incoterms2010
中的术语。
Commercial Code shipment and delivery
terms.
4.
Guidance Notes
4
．引言
Before each Incoterms? 2010 rule you
will find a Guidance Note.
在
Incoterms?2010
的每条规则前面，
都有一条引言。
引
The Guidance
Notes explain the fundamentals of each Incoterms <
/p>
言解释每条贸易规则的基本内容，比如说什么时候被运
rule,
such as when it should be used, when risk passes,
and how
用到，什么时候风险转移，还有费用在卖方和买方间是
costs
are
allocated
between
seller
and
buyer.
The
Guidance
怎样分配的等等。
引言并不是
Incoterms?2010
的内容，
No
tes are not part of the actual Incoterms? 2010
rules, but are
intended
to
help
the
user
accurately
and
efficiently
steer
towards
the
appropriate
Incoterms
rule
for
a
particular
transaction.
5. Electronic communication
Previous
versions
of
Incoterms
rules
have
specified
those
但
是它们能帮助使用者更准确更有效率的针对特定的贸
易运用合适的贸易条款。
5.
电子通信
上一版本的
Incoterms
规则已经确定了可以被电子数据
documents
that
could
be
replaced
by
EDI
messages.
Articles
交换信息替代的文件。然而
Incoterms?
规则
2010
中的
A1/B1
of
the
Incoterms?
2010
rules,
however,
now
give
A1/B1
赋予电子通信方式和纸质通讯相同的效果，只要
electroni
c
means
of
communication
the
same
effect
as
paper
缔约双方同意或存在国际惯例。这一规定有利于促进
communication,
as
long
as
the
parties
so
agree
or
where
Incoterms?
规则
2010
中新的电子程序的演进。
customary.
This
formulation
facilitates
the
evolution
of
new
electronic procedures throughout the
lifetime of the Incoterms?
Incoterms 2010
5/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
2010
rules.
6. Insurance cover
The Incoterms? 2010 rules are the first
version of the Incoterms
6.
保险范围
Incoterms?
规则
2010
是协会货物条款修订以来的最新
rules
since
the
version
of
the
Institute
Cargo
Clauses
and
take
版国际贸易术语规则，并就对那些条款的变更做了考
虑。
account
of
alterations
made
to
those
clauses.
The
Incoterms?
Incoterms?
规则
2010
把关系到保险的信息义务规定在
2010
rules
place
information
duties
relating
to
insurance
in
A3/B
3
，
这涉及到运输和保险合同。
这些条
款已经从更为
articles
A3/B3,
which
deal
with
contracts
of
carriage
and
insurance.
These
provisions
have
been
moved
from
the
more
普通的国际贸易术语
2000
中
A10/B10
< br>的文章中删除。
为了明确缔约双方的义务，条款
A2/B3
中涉及保险的行
generic
found in article A10/B10 of the Incoterms 2000
rules.
The
language
in
articles
A2/B3
relating
to
insurance
has
also
文也做了变化。
been altered with a view to clarifying
the parties’
obligations in
this regard.
7.
Security-related
Clearances
and
information
required
for
such
clearances
There
is
heightened
concern
nowadays
about
security
in
the
movement
of
goods,
requiring
verification
that
the
goods
do
not
pose
a
threat
to
life
or
property
for
reasons
other
than
their inherent nature.
Therefore, the Incoterms? 2010 rules
have allocated obligations
between the
buyer and seller to obtain or to render assistance
in
obtaining
security-
related
clearances,
such
as
chain-of-custody
7.
与安全有关的清关需要的信息
现在人
们高度关注货物运输中的安全问题，需要确认货
物不会对生命和财产有威胁，除了其自身
固有的属性。
因此，
Incoterms?
规则
2010
已经在买家和卖家间分配了
义务，在与安全有关的清关获得或者提供帮助，例如在
多种多样的国际贸易术语中
A2/B2
和
A10/B10
的监管
链相关信息。<
/p>
information, in
articles A2/B2 and A10/B10 of various Incoterms
rules.
8.
终点站操作费
8.
Terminal handling charges
在国际贸易术语
CPT
，
CIP
，
CIF
，
DAT
，
DAP
和
DDP
Under
Incoterms
rules
CPT,
CIP,
CFR,
CIF,
DAT,
DAP,
and
DDP,
项下，卖家必须做好安排使货物到达指定目的地。虽然
the
seller must make arrangements for the carriage of
the goods
运费是由卖方支付的，但因为运费一般被卖方包含在销
to
the agreed destination. While the freight is paid
by the seller,
售价格中所以实际上运费是由买方支付的。货运费有时
it
is actually paid for by the buyer as freight costs
are normally
包括港口或集装箱码头内的理货和运输费用，承运人和
included by the seller in the total
selling price. The carriage costs
终点站运营方也可能向收到货物的买家收取这笔费用。
will
sometimes
include
the
costs
of
handling
and
moving
the
在这种情况下
，买家会想要避免对同一服务重复付费：
goods within port or
container terminal facilities and the carrier
一次付给卖家作为销售价格中的一部分，一次单独地付
or
terminal
operator
may
well
charge
these
costs
to
the
buyer
给承运人或者终
点站运营方。
Incoterms?
规则
2010
在相
who
receives
the
goods.
In
these
circumstances,
the
buyer
will
关国际贸易术解释规则的
A6/B6
条款明确的分配此项
want
to
avoid
paying
for
the
same
service
twice:
once
to
the
费用，力求避免重复付费。
seller as part of the total selling
price and once independently to
seek
to
avoid
this
happening
by
clearly
allocating
such
costs
in
articles A6/B6
of the relevant Incoterms rules.
the carrier or the terminal operator.
The Incoterms? 2010 rules
9. String sales
In
the
sale
of
commodities,
as
opposed
to
the
sale
of
9.
连环合同
与工业制成品的销售不同，
在农矿产品的销售中，货物
manufactured
goods,
cargo
is
frequently
sold
several
times
经常在
沿销售链运转过程中被频繁销售多次。这种情况
during transit
“down a string” when this happens,
a
seller in the
下，在运输中的卖家不用再运输货物，因为货物已被第<
/p>
Incoterms 2010
6/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
middle of the string don’t have to ship
the
goods because these
一个卖家装船运输了。中途的卖方通过接收货物而非运
have
already
been
shipped
by
the
first
seller
in
the
string.
The
输货物向买方履行义务。为明确起见，
Incoterms?
规则
seller
in
the
middle
of
the
string
therefore
performs
its
2010
在相关规定中把提
取已经运输的商品的义务作为
obligations towards its
buyer not by shipping the goods, but by
运输商品义务的替换。
“procuring”
goods
that
have
been
shipped.
For
clarification
purposes,
Incoterms?
2010
rules
include
the
obligation
to
“procure
goods
shipped”
as
an
alternative
to
the
obligation
to
ship goods in the
relevant Incoterms rules.
Incoterms 2010
7/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF
TRANSPORT
Variants of
Incoterms rules
运输方式的规则
国际贸易术语解释通则的变体
Sometimes
the
parties
want
to
alter
an
Incoterms
rules.
The
贸易各方有时因各自需要意图修改某一国际贸易术语规
Incoterms 2010 rules do not prohibit
such alteration, but there
则的适用。《国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
》并不禁止这
are
dangers
in
so
doing.
In
order
to
avoid
any
unwelcome
种修改，
但是这
样做会带来一定的危险。
因此双方都应当
surprises,
the parties would need to make the intended effect
of
在合同中明确表明修改意欲达到的效果以避免不愉快的
such
alterations
extremely
clear
in
their
contract.
Thus,
for
分歧。譬如，假设合同改变了
Incoterms
规则中费用的分
example, if the
allocation of costs in the Incoterms 2010 rules is
配，
那么合同各方亦应当明确声明是否改变风险
（从卖方
altered
in
the
contract,
the
parties
should
also
clearly
state
到买方）转移的临界点。
whether they intend to vary
the point at which the risk passes
from seller to buyer.
Status of this introduction
本导言的功能地位
This
introduction
gives
general
information
on
the
use
and
本导言只是对《国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
》的用途和
interpretation
of
the
Incoterms
2010
rules,
but
does
not
form
解释的概括提示，并不是这些的组成部分。
part of those rules.
Explanation of terms used in the
Incoterms 2010 rules
对《国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
》中术语的解释
As in the Incoterms rules, the
s
eller’s and buyer’s obligations are
正如《国际贸易术语解释通则
201
0
》中所述，买方和卖
presented
in
mirror
fashion,
reflecting
under
column
A
the
方的共同义务是以对应方式呈现的，
< br>也就是说，
既能反映
seller’s
obligations and under column B the buyer’s
obligations.
出
A
栏中的买方义务，
又能反映出
B
栏中的卖方义务。
These
obligations can be carried out personally by the
seller or
这些义务可以由买方或者卖方亲自履行，
有时抑或受制于
the buyer or sometimes, subject
to terms in the contract or the
合同或者适用法
律中的个别条款的规定，由诸如承运人、
applicable
law,
through
intermediaries
such
as
carriers,
freight
转运代理人等中介组织，
或者其他由买方或者卖方为了特
forwarders
or
other
persons
nominated
by
the
seller
or
the
定目的而委任的人来履行。
buyer for a specific purpose.
The
text
of
the
Incoterms
2010
rules
is
meant
to
be
《国际贸易术语解释通则
2010<
/p>
》正文中条文解析明了。
self-explanatory.
However, in order to assist users the following
但出于引导辅助
（使用者）
理解的考虑，<
/p>
编者还是占用了
text
sets
out
guidance
as
to the
sense
in
which
selected
terms
以下篇幅对从《规则》中选取的几个术语进行阐释。
are used throughout the document.
is the party
with whom carriage is contracted.
承运人是指与托运人订立合同，并承担运输义务的一方。
Carrier:
For the
purposes of the Incoterms 2010 rules, the carrier
承运人：
出于《国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
》的目的，
Customs
Formalities:
These are requirements to
be met in order
报关单：
是指为了遵守海关
条例而需要满足的一些要求，
to
comply
with
any
applicable
customs
regulations
and
may
包括了单据、安全、信息或者实体检验之义务。
include
documentary,
security,
information
or
physical
inspection obligations.
Delivery:
This
concept
has
multiple
meanings
in
trade
law
and
交货：
在商法和商事活动中，
这个概念有多种涵义。
但是，
prac
tice,
but
in
the
Incoterms
2010
rules,
it
is
used
to
indicate
在《国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
》中，交货用来表明在
where the risk of
loss of or damage to the goods passes from the
货物由卖方向买方转移的过程中毁损风险在何处转移。
seller to the buyer.
Incoterms 2010
8/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
Delivery
document:
This phrase is now
used as the heading to
交货单：
此术语现在已成为
A8
条款的标题。交货单，
article A8. It
means a document used to prove that delivery has <
/p>
是用于证明已完成交货的凭证。
对于
《国
际贸易术语解释
occurred.
For
many
of
the
Incoterms
2010
rules,
the
delivery
通则
2010
》中的许多规则，交货单是一种运输单据或相
document
is
a
transport
document
or
corresponding
electronic
关电子记录。
record.
However,
with EXW, FCA, FAS and FOB, the delivery document
但是对于
EXW
，
FCA
，
FAS
和
FOB
，交货单只是一种
may
simply
be
a
receipt.
A
delivery
document
may
also
have
收据。
当然，
交货单还有其他功能，
比如支付程序的一个
other
functions,
for
example
as
part
of
the
mechanism
for
环节。
payment.
Electronic record or
procedure:
A set of information
constituted
电子记录或者程序：
由一个或多个可
适用的电子讯号组成
of
one
or
more
electronic
messages
and,
where
applicable,
的一组信息库，其功能上等同于相应的纸质文档。
being
functionally
equivalent
with
the
corresponding
paper
document.
Packaging:
this word is used
for different purposes:
under the
contract of sale.
transportation.
other means of transport.
包装：
此词因语境不同有不同含义：
1.
The packaging of the goods to comply with any
requirements
1.
符合销售合同要求的货物包装；
2.
The
packaging
of
the
goods
so
that
they
are
fit
for
2.
符合运输要求的货物包装；
3.
The
stowage
of
the
packaged
goods
within
a
container
or
3.
集装箱或其他运输工具中已包装货物的理仓
In the Incoterms 2010 rules, packaging
means both the first and
在《国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
》中，“包装”一词有
second of the
above.
The Incoterms 2010 rules do not
deal with
以上中的
1
和
2
项的含义。
Incoterms2010
中并不涉及
the
parties’
obligations
for
stowage
within
a
container
and
集装箱
内货物的理仓义务，当事人应在销售合同中予以
therefore, where
relevant, the parties should deal with this in
确定。
the sale
contract.
Incoterms 2010
9/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
EXW
(insert named place of delivery)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may
be used irrespective of the mode of transport
selected and may also be used where more than one
mode of
transport is employed.
It is suitable for domestic trade,
while FCA is usually more appropriate for
international trade.
“Ex Works” means
that the seller delivers when it places the goods
at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s
premises or a
t
another named
place (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The
seller does not need to load the goods on any
collecting
vehicle, nor does it need to
clear the goods for export, where such clearance
is applicable.
The parties are well
advised to specify as clearly as possible the
point within the named place of delivery, as the
costs and
risks to that point are for
the account of the seller. The buyer bears all
costs and risks involved in taking the goods from
the
agreed point, if any, at the named
place of delivery.
EXW represents the
minimum obligation for the seller. The rule should
be used with care as:
a)
The
seller
has
no
obligation
to
the
buyer
to
load
the
goods,
even
though
in
practice
the
seller
may
be
in
a
better
position to do so. If the seller does
load the goods, it does so at the buyer’s risk and
expense. In cases where
the seller is
in a better position to load the goods,
FCA, which obliges the seller to do so at its own
risk and expense, is usually more
appropriate.
b)
A
buyer
who
buys
from
a
seller
on
an
EXW
basis
for
export
needs
to
be
aware
that
the
seller
has
an
obligation
to
provide
only
such
assistance
as
the
buyer
may
require
to
effect
that
export:
the
seller
is
not
bound
to
organize
the
export clearance. Buyers
are therefore well advised not to use EXW if they
cannot directly or indirectly obtain export
clearance.
c)
The buyer has limited obligations to provide to
the seller any information regarding the export of
the goods. However,
the seller may need
this information for, e.g., taxation or reporting
purposes.
EXW
——<
/p>
工厂交货（
……
指定地点）
本条规则与（当事人）所选择的运输模式无关，即便（当事人）选择多种运
输模式，亦可适用该规则。本
规则较适用于国内交易，对于国际交易，则应选
FCA[1]
“
货交承运人（
< br>……
指定地点）
”
规则为佳。<
/p>
“
工厂交货（
---
指定地点）
”
是指当卖方在其所
在地或其他指定的地点（如工场（强调生产制造场所）
、工厂
（
制造场所）或仓库等）将货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方不需将货物装上任何运输工具，在需要办
理出口清关手续时，卖方亦不必为货物办理出口清关手续。
双方都应该尽可能明确的指定货物交付地点，因为此时（交付前的）费用与风险由卖方承担。买方
必须承
当在双方约定的地点或在指定地受领货物的全部费用和风险。
EXW
是卖方承担责任最小的术语。它应遵守以下使用规则：
a)
卖方没有义务为买方装载货物，
即使在实际中由卖方装载货物可能更方便。若由卖方装载货物，相关风险
和费用亦由买方
承担。如果卖方在装载货物中处于优势地位，则使用由卖方承担装载费用与风险的
FCA
术
语通常更合适。
b)
买方在与卖方使用
EXW
术语时应知晓，卖方仅在买方要求（更符合术语特质）办理出口手续时
负有协助的
义务：（但是），卖方并无义务主动（更强调最小义务，吸收进
2010
年本身的意义）办理出口清关手续。
因此如
果买方不能直接或间接地办理出口清关手续，建议买方不要使用
EXW
< br>术语。
c)
买方承担向卖方提供关于货物出口之信息的有限义务。
但是，
< br>卖方可能需要这些用作诸如纳税
（申报税款）
、
报关等目的的信息。
Incoterms 2010
10/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A
THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1
General obligations of the seller
The
seller
must
provide
the
goods
and
the
commercial
invoice
in
conformity
with
the
contract
of
sale
and
any
other
evidence
of
conformity
that
may be required by the contract.
Any
document
referred
to
in
A1-A10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
A2 Licences,
authorizations, security clearances and
other formalities
Where applicable, the seller must
provide the buyer,
at the buyer’s
request, risk and expense, assistance
in
obtaining
any
export
licence,
or
other
official
authorization necessary for the export
of the goods.
Where
applicable,
the
seller
must
provide,
at
the
buyer’s request, risk and expense, any
information in
the
possession
of
the
seller that
is required
for
the
security
clearance of the goods.
A3
Contracts of carriage and insurance
a)
Contract of carriage
The seller has no
obligation to the buyer to make a
contract of carriage.
b)
Contract of insurance
The seller has no
obligation to the buyer to make a
contract
of
insurance.
However,
the
seller
must
provide
the
buyer,
at
the
buyer’s
request,
risk
and
expense
(if
any),
with
information
that
the
buyer
needs
for obtaining insurance.
A4
Delivery
The seller must deliver the
goods by placing them at
the disposal
of the buyer at the agreed point, if any,
at
the
named
place
of
delivery,
not
loaded
on
any
collecting
vehicle.
If
no
specific
point
has
been
agreed
within
the
named
place
of
delivery,
and
if
there
are
several
points
available,
the
seller
may
select the point that best suits its
purpose. The seller
must deliver the
goods on the agreed date or within
the
agreed period.
A5 Transfer
of risks
The seller bears all risks of
loss of or damage to the
goods until
they have been delivered in accordance
Incoterms 2010
11/88
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The
buyer
must
pay
the
price
of
the
goods
as
provided in the contract
of sale.
Any
document
referred
to
in
B1-B10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
B2 Licences, authorizations, security
clearances and
other formalities
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer
to obtain, at
its
own
risk
and
expense,
any
export
and
import
licence or other
official authorization
and
carry out
all customs
formalities for the export of the goods.
B3 Contracts of carriage
and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The buyer has no obligation to the
seller to make a
contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The
buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a
contract of insurance.
B4
Taking delivery
The buyer must take
delivery of the goods when A4
and A7
have been complied with.
B5 Transfer of
risks
The buyer bears all risks of loss
of or damage to the
goods
from
the
time
they
have
been
delivered
as
贸易术语解释通则
2010
with
A4, with the exception of loss or damage in the
circumstances described in B5.
A6 Allocation
of costs
The seller must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods
until they have been
delivered
in
accordance
with
A4,
other
than
those
payable by the buyer as envisaged in
B6; and
b) where applicable, the costs
of customs formalities
necessary for
export, as well as all duties, taxes, and
other charges payable upon export.
A7
Notices to the buyer
The seller must
give the buyer any notice needed to
enable the buyer to make delivery of
the goods.
A8 Delivery document
The
seller has no obligation to the buyer.
A9 Checking
–
packaging
–
marking
The
seller
must
pay
the
costs
of
those
checking
operations
(such
as
checking
quality,
measuring,
weighing,
counting)
that
are
necessary
for
the
purpose of delivering the goods in
accordance with
A4.
The
seller
must,
at
its
own
expense,
package
the
goods,
unless
it
is
usual
for
the
particular
trade
to
transport
the
type
of
goods
sold
unpackaged.
The
seller
may
package
the
goods
in
the
manner
appropriate for their transport, unless
the buyer has
notified the seller of
specific packaging requirements
before
the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is
Incoterms 2010
12/88
envisaged in A4.
If
the
buyer
fails
to
give
notice
in
accordance
with
B7, then the buyer bear
all risks of loss of or damage
to the
goods from the agreed date or the expiry date
of the expiry date of any agreed period
for delivery,
provided that the goods
have been clearly identified
as the
contract goods.
B6
Allocation of costs
The buyer must:
a) pay all costs relating to the goods
from the time
they have been delivered
as envisaged in A4;
b)pay
any
additional
costs
incurred
by
failing either
to take
delivery of the goods when they have been
placed at its disposal or to give
appropriate notice in
accordance
with
B7,
provided
that
the
goods
have
been clearly identified
as the contract goods;
c)pay,
where
applicable,
all
duties,
taxes
and
other
charges, as well as the costs of
carrying out customs
formalities
payable upon export; and
d)
reimburse
all
costs
and
charges
incurred
by
the
seller in providing assistance as
envisaged in A2.
B7 Notices
to the seller
The buyer must, whenever
it is entitled to determine
the time
within an agreed period and/or the point of
taking
delivery
within
the
named
place,
give
the
seller sufficient notice thereof.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must provide the seller with
appropriate
evidence of having taken
delivery.
B9 Inspection of
goods
The
buyer
must
pay
the
costs
of
any
mandatory
pre-shipment
inspection,
including
inspection
mandated
by
the
authorities
of
the
country
of
export.
贸易术语解释通则
2010
to
be marked appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and
related costs
The
seller
must,
where
applicable,
in
a
timely
manner, provide to or
render assistance in obtaining
for
the
buyer,
at
the
buyer’s
request,
risk
and
expense, any documents
and information, including
security-
related
information,
that
the
buyer
needs
for
the
import
of
the
goods
and/or
for
their
transport to the final destination.
B10 Assistance
with information and related costs
The
buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller
of any security information
requirements so that the
seller may
comply with A10.
The buyer must
reimburse the seller for all costs and
charges
incurred
by
the
seller
in
providing
or
rendering
assistance
in
obtaining
documents
and
information as envisaged in A10.
Incoterms 2010
13/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
卖方义务
A1
卖方的一般义务
卖方必须按照销售合同提供货物和商业发票，以及
合同可能要求的、用以证明货
物符合合同规定的其
他任何凭证。
所
有在
A1-A10
条款中提及的文件，
（均）可采用经
当事人协定或约定俗成、具有同等作用的电子记录
或者手续。
A2
许可证、批准、安
全通关及其他手续
在需要办理海关手续时，应买方要求并由买
方承当
风险和费用时，卖方应协助买方办理出口货物必须
的出口
许可证或其他官方许可。
应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，
在需要办理海
关手续时，卖方必须提供其掌握的货物安全检查所
要求的任何信息。
A3
运输合同与保险合同
a
）
运输合同
卖方没有为买方签订运输合同的义务
b
）
保险合同
卖方没有义务与买方签订保
险合同。然而，当买方
请求或由其承担风险与（或有的）费用时，卖方必
须向买方提供其获取保险所需要的信息。
A4
交货
卖方应在约定点或在指定地点将
未置于任何运输车
辆上的货物交给买方处置。若在指定的地点内未约
定具体交货点，或有若干个交货点可使用，卖方可
选择最符合其目的之地进行交货。
卖方需在约定地
或约定时间内交货。
A5
风险转移
除发生
B5
中所描述之灭失或损坏的情形外，
卖方必
须承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已经按照
A4
规定交货为止。
买方义务
B1
买方的一般义务
买方必须按照买卖合同之规定支付货物价款。
所有在
B1-B10
条款中提及的文件，
（均）
可采用经当
事人协定或约定俗成、
具有同等作用的电子记录或者
手续。
B2
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他
手续
在需要办理海关手续时
,
买方必须自担风险和费用，
由其取得任何出口和进口许可证或其他官
方许可，
并
办理货物出口的一切海关手续。
B3
运输合同和保险合同
a)
运输合同
买方没有为卖方签订运输合同的义务
b)
保险合同
买方没有与卖方签订保险合同的义务
B4
受领货物
(
接收货物
)
买方必须在卖方按照
A4
和
A7
规定交货时受领货
物。
B5
风险转移
自卖方按
A4
规定交货之时起，买方必须承担货物灭
失或损坏的一切风险。
如果买方未按照
B7
之规定通知卖方，则自约定的交
货日期或
交货期限届满之日起，
买方必须承当货物灭
失或损坏的一切风险
，
但以该项货物已清楚地确定为
合同项下之货物为限。
B6
费用划分
买方必须支付：
a)
自按照
A4
规定交货之时起与货物有关的一切
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A6
费用划分
除
B6
预设的可由买方支付的费用外，
卖方必须承担
与货物有关的所有费用，
直到其按照
A4
规定交货为
止。
Incoterms 2010
14/88
费用；
b)
在货物已交给买方处置而买方未受领货物或未
按照
B7
规定给予卖方相应通知而发生的任何
额外费用，
但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下为
限；
c)
在需要办理海关手续时，
货物出口应交纳的一切
关税、
税款和其他费用，
以及办理海关手续的费
用。<
/p>
d)
卖方按照
A2
规定给予协助时所发生的一切成
本与费用。
A7
通知买方
卖方必须提供能使买方提货的所需通知。
B7
通知卖方
一旦买方有权确定在约定的期限内受领货物的具体
时间和
/<
/p>
或地点时，应就此给予卖方充分的通知
B8
交货证明
买方必须向卖方提供已受领货物的适当凭证。
B9
货物检验
买方必须支付装船前检验的强制性费用
,
包括由出
口国当局强制检查（的费用）
。
< br>
A8
交货凭证
卖方无义务。
A9
检查、包装、标志
卖方必须支付与<
/p>
A4
规定一致的、
以交付货物为目的
的查对费用（如查对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数
的费用）
。
卖方必须支付货物包装费用，除非是不需要
包装便
可进行运输的特殊货物。卖方应采取适宜运输的包
装方式
，除非买方在签订买卖合同前便告知卖方特
定的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。
A10
信息帮助和相关费用
B10
信息帮助和相关费用
应买方要求并由其承当风险和费用时，卖方须在合
为使卖方可以履行
A10
之规定，
买方必须及时通知卖
适的情况下为买方提供及时的帮助，以帮助买方取
方其对于相关交易安
全信息的要求。
得其出口和
/
或进口货物以及将货物运至最后目的
买方必须补偿卖方
（由于提供给买方获得
A10
中提到
< br>地所需的任何单据和信息，
包括与安全有关的信息。
的讯息和单据而可能）产生的所有费用和代价。
Incoterms 2010
15/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
FCA - Free Carrier (insert named place
of delivery)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used
irrespective of the mode of transport selected and
may also be used where more than one
mode of transport is employed.
“Free Carrier”
means that the seller delivers the goods to the
carrier or another person nominated by the buyer
a
t
the seller’s premises or
another named place. The parties are well advised
to specify as clearly as possible the point
within the named place of delivery, as
the risk passes to the buyer at that point.
If the parties
intend to deliver the goods at the
seller’s premises, they should identify
the address of those premises
as the
named place of delivery. If, on the other hand,
the parties intend the goods to be delivered at
another place,
they must identify a
different specific place of delivery.
FCA requires the seller to clear the
goods for export, where applicable. However, the
seller has no obligation to clear
the
goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out
any import customs formalities.
FCA
——
货交承运人（
……
指定地点）
该项规则可以适用于各种运输方式（单独使用的情况）
，也可以适用于多种运输方式同时使用的情况。
“
货交承运人
”
是指卖方于其所在
地或其他指定地点将货物交付给承运人或买方指定人。建议当事人最好尽
可能清楚地明确
说明指定交货的具体点，风险将在此点转移至买方。
若当事人
意图在卖方所在地交付货物，则应当确定该所在地的地址，即指定交货地点。另一方面，若当事
< br>人意图在其他地点交付货物，则应当明确确定一个不同的具体交货地点。
FCA
要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有办理进口
清关手续的义务，也无需缴纳任何进
口关税或者办理其他进口海关手续。
在需要办理海关手续时（在必要时
/
适当时），
DAP
规则要求应有卖方办理货物的出口清
关手续，但卖方没有
义务办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税或者办理任何进口海
关手续，如果当事人希望卖方办理货物的
进口清关手续，支付任何进口税和办理任何进口
海关手续，则应适用
DDP
规则。
Incoterms 2010
16/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A
THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and
the commercial
invoice in conformity
with the contract of sale and any
other
evidence of conformity that may be required by
the contract.
Any
document
referred
to
in
A1-A10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
A2
Licences,
authorizations,
security
clearances
and
other formalities
Where
applicable,
the
seller
must
obtain,
at
its
own
risk
and
expense,
any
export
licence
or
other
official
authorization
and
carry
out
all
customs
formalities
necessary for the export of the goods.
A3 Contracts of
carriage and insurance
a) Contract of
carriage
The
seller
has
no
obligation
to
the
buyer
to
make
a
contract
of
carriage.
However,
if
requested
by
the
buyer
or
if
it
is
commercial
practice
and
the
buyer
does
not
give
an
instruction
to
the
contrary
in
due
time,
the
seller
may
contract
for
carriage
on
usual
terms at the buyer’s risk and expense.
In either case,
the seller may decline
to make the contract of carriage
and,
if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer.
b) Contract of insurance
The
seller
has
no
obligation
to
the
buyer
to
make
a
contract
of
insurance.
However,
the
seller
must
provide
the
buyer,
at
the
buyer’s
request,
risk,
and
expense
(if
any),
with
information
that
the
buyer
needs
for obtaining insurance.
A4
Delivery
The
seller
must
deliver
the
goods
to
the
carrier
or
another person nominated by the buyer
at the agreed
point, if any, at the
named place on the agreed date or
within the agreed period.
Delivery is completed:
a) If
the named place is the seller’s premises, when the
goods
have
been
loaded
on
the
means
of
transport
provided by the
buyer.
b) In any other case, when the
goods are placed at the
Incoterms 2010
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of
the buyer
The buyer must pay the price
of the goods as provided
in the
contract of sale.
Any
document
referred
to
in
B1-B10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
B2
Licences,
authorizations,
security
clearances
and
other formalities
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer
to obtain, at its
own
risk
and
expense,
any
import
licence
or
other
official
authorization
and
carry
out
all
customs
formalities
for
the
import
of
the
goods
and
for
their
transport through any country.
B3 Contracts of carriage
and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The
buyer
must
contract
at
its
own
expense
for
the
carriage
of
the
goods
from
the
named
place
of
delivery, except when the
contract of carriage is made
by the
seller as provided for in A3 a).
b)
Contract of insurance
The
buyer
has
no
obligation
to
the
seller
to
make
a
contract of insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer
must take delivery of the goods when they
have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
Unless the buyer notifies the seller
otherwise, the
seller may deliver the
goods for carriage in such a
manner as
the quantity and/or nature of the goods
may require.
贸易术语解释通则
2010
17/88
disposal of the
carrier or another person nominated by
the buyer on the seller’s means of
transport ready for
unloading.
If no specific point has been notified
by the buyer
under B7 d) within the
named place of delivery, and if
there are several points available, the
seller may select
the point
that best suits its purpose.
B5 Transfer of risks
A5
Transfer of risks
The
seller
bears
all
risks
of
loss
of
or
damage
to
the
The
buyer
bears
all
risks
of
loss
of
or
damage
to
the
goods
until
they
have
been
delivered
in
accordance
goods
from
the
time
they
have
been
delivered
as
with
A4,
with
the
exception
of loss or damage
in
the
envisaged
in A4.
If
circumstances
described in B5.
a) the buyer fails in
accordance with B7 to notify the
nomination of a carrier or another
person as envisaged
in A4
or to give notice; or
b)
the
carrier
or
person
nominated
by
the
buyer
as
envisaged in
A4 fails to take the goods into its charge,
then, the buyer bears all
risks of loss of or damage to
the goods:
(i)
from
the
agreed
date,
or
in
the
absence
of
an
agreed date,
(ii) from the date notified
by the seller under A7 within
the
agreed
period;
or,
if
no
such
date
has
been
notified,
(iii)
from
the
expiry
date
of
any
agreed
period
for
delivery,
provided
that
the
goods
have
been
clearly
identified as the contract goods.
B6
Allocation of costs
A6 Allocation of
costs
The buyer must pay
The
seller must pay
a) all costs relating
to the goods until they have been
a)
all
costs
relating
to
the
goods
from
the
time
they
delivered
in
accordance
with
A4,
other
than
those
have been delivered as
envisaged in A4, except, where
applicable, the costs of customs
formalities necessary
payable by the
buyer as envisaged in B6; and
for
export,
as
well
as
all
duties,
taxes,
and
other
b) where applicable, the costs of
customs formalities
charges payable
upon export as referred to in A6 b);
necessary for export, as well as all
duties, taxes, and
b) any additional
costs incurred, either because:
other
charges payable upon export.
(i)
the
buyer
fails
to
nominate
a
carrier
or
another
person
as envisaged in A4, or
(ii)
the
carrier
or
person
nominated
by
the
buyer
as
envisaged in
A4 fails to take the goods into its charge,
or
(iii)
the
buyer
has
failed
to
give
appropriate
notice
in
accordance
with
B7,
provided
that
the
goods
have
been clearly identified as
the contract goods; and
c)
where applicable, all duties, taxes and other
charges
as well as the
costs of carrying out customs formalities
Incoterms 2010
18/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A7 Notices to
the buyer
The seller must, at the
buyer’s risk and expense, give
the
buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have
been
delivered
in
accordance
with
A4
or
that
the
carrier or another
person nominated by the buyer has
failed to take the goods within the
time agreed.
A8 Delivery document
The
seller
must
provide
the
buyer,
at
the
seller’s
expense,
with
the
usual
proof
that
the
goods
have
been
delivered in accordance with A4.
The
seller must provide assistance to the buyer, at
the
buyer’s
request,
risk
and
expense,
in
obtaining
a
transport document.
A9 Checking
–
packaging
–
marking
The
seller
must
pay
the
costs
of
those
checking
operations
(such
as
checking
quality,
measuring,
weighing, counting) that are necessary
for the purpose
of delivering the goods
in accordance
with
A4,
as
well
as
the
costs
of
any
pre-shipment
inspection
mandated
by
the
authority
of
the
country
of export.
The
seller
must,
at
its
own
expense,
package
the
goods,
unless
it
is
usual
for
the
particular
trade
to
transport
the
type
of
goods
sold
unpackaged.
The
seller
may
package
the
goods
in
the
manner
appropriate
for
their
transport,
unless
the
buyer
has
notified
the
seller
of
specific
packaging
requirements
before
the
contract
of
sale
is
concluded.
Packaging
is
to be marked
appropriately.
A10
Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where
applicable, in a timely manner,
provide
to
or
render
assistance
in
obtaining
for
the
buyer, at the buyer’s
request,
risk and expense,
any documents and information,
Incoterms 2010
payable
upon
import
of
the
goods
and
the
costs
for
their transport through any country.
B7 Notices to the seller
The buyer must notify the seller of
a)
the
name
of
the
carrier
or
another
person
nominated as envisaged in A4 within
sufficient time as
to enable the seller
to deliver the goods in accordance
with
that article;
b)
where
necessary,
the
selected
time
within
the
period
agreed for delivery when the carrier or person
nominated will take the goods;
c)
the
mode
of
transport
to
be
used
by
the
person
nominated; and
d) the point
of taking delivery within the named place.
B8 Proof of delivery
The buyer must accept the proof of
delivery provided
as envisaged in A8.
B9 Inspection of goods
The
buyer
must
pay
the
costs
of
any
mandatory
pre-shipment inspection, except when
such inspection
is
mandated
by
the
authorities
of
the
country
of
export.
B10 Assistance
with information and related costs
The
buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller
of
any
security
information
requirements
so
that
the
seller may comply with A10.
The
buyer
must
reimburse
the
seller
for
all
costs
and
贸易术语解释通则
2010
19/88
including security-
related information, that the buyer
needs for the import of the goods
and/or for their
transport to the final
destination.
charges
incurred by the seller in providing or rendering
assistance in obtaining documents and
information as
envisaged in A10.
The
seller must
reimburse
the
buyer
for
all
costs and
charges
incurred
by
the
buyer
in
providing
or
rendering
assistance
in
obtaining
documents
and
information as envisaged in B10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a
timely manner,
provide
to
or
render
assistance
in
obtaining
for
the
seller,
at
the
seller’s
request,
risk
and
expense,
any
documents and
information,
including security-related
information, that the seller
needs for
the transport and export of the goods and
for their transport through any
country.
Incoterms 2010
20/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
卖方义务
A1
卖方的一般义务
卖方应当提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票
以及合同可能要求的、证明货
物符合合同规定的其
他任何凭证。
A
1-A10
所提到的文件可以是由当事人约定的或已成
为惯例的
，具有同等效力的电子档案或程序。
A2
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续
卖方应当自担风险和
费用，并且在需要的时候取得
任何出口许可证或其他官方许可，而且在办理海关
手续时办理货物出口所需要的一切海关手续
.
A3
运输合同与保险合同
a)
运输
卖方没有为买方订立运输合同的义务。但是，若经
买方要求，或者依循商业惯例且买方未
适时给予卖
方相反指示，则卖方可以按照通常条件订立由买方
承
担风险与费用的运输合同。在任何一种情况下，
卖方都可以拒绝订立此合同；如果拒绝，
则应立即
通知买方。
b)
保险
卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合
同。但是，卖方应
当按照买方的要求，向买方提供其所需的有关购买
保险的信息，由此产生的任何风险、费用由买方承
担。
A4
交货
若有约定具体的交货点，卖方应按照约定，在指定
的地点于约定的日期或者期限内，将货
物交付给承
运人或者买方指定的其他人。
交货在以下情况完成：
a)
若指定的地点是卖方所在地，
则当货物已装载于买
方所提供的运输工具时；
b)
当
装载于卖方的运输工具上的货物已达到卸货条
件，且处于承运人或买方指定的其他人的处
置之下
时的任何其他情况。
若买方未按照
B7 d)
项之规定，
将在指定的地区内的
具体交货地点通知卖方，且有几个具体交货
点可供
选择时，卖方可以在指定地点中选择最符合其目的
的交货
地点。
除非买方另有通知，否则，卖方可以根据货物的数
量和
/
或性质的要求，
将货物以适宜的方式交付运输。
Incoterms 2010
买方义务
B1
买方的一般义务
买方应当支付销售合同中规定的货物价款
B1-B10
所提到的文件可以是由当事人约定的或已成
为
惯例的，具有同等效力的电子档案或程序。
B2
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续
在需要的时候，
买方可以获取一切进口许可证或其他
官方许可，
以及办理货物进口的海关手续和从他国过
境的一切
相关手续，并自担风险和费用。
B3
运输合同和保险合同
a)
运输
买方应当自付费用订立从指定的交货地点运输货物
的合同，卖方按照
A3 a)
规定订立合同的除外。
b)
保险
买方没有义务为卖方订立保险合同。
B4
受领货物
(
接收货物
)
买方应当在卖方按照
A4
规定交货时，收取货物。
21/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A5
风险转移
卖方承担货物灭失或损害的一切风险，直至卖方已
按照
A4<
/p>
的规定交付货物，在
B5
描述的情况下产
生
的灭失或损害除外。
B5
风险转移
买方自卖方按照
A4
规定交货之时起，承担货物灭失
或损坏的一切风险。
若
a)
买
方没有按照
B7
规定将依
A4
规定对承运人或其
他人的指定告知卖方或提醒其注意；或
b)
其按照
A4
规定指定的承运人或其他人未接管货
物，
则，<
/p>
买方按照下述规定承担货物灭失或损坏的一
切风险：
i
）自约定日期时起。若没有约定日期，
ii
）
自卖方在约定
的时期内依
A7
规定告知买方的日期
起
。若没有告知日期，
iii
）自任何
约定的交货期限届满之日起，
但以该货物已被清楚地确定为合同项下货物为限。
A6
费用划分
卖方应当支付
a)
与货物有关的一切费用，
直至已按照
A4
规定交货
为止。除
B6
中规
定的由买方支付的费用外
;
及
b)
在适用情况下，货物出口应办理的海关手续费用
及出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。
B6
费用划分
买方应当支付：
a)
自按照
A4
规定的交货之时起与货物有关的一切费<
/p>
用，
除了
A6 b
）
中规定的货物出口办理海关手续的费
用及其他货物出口应缴
纳的关税、税款和其他费用。
b)
因发生下述任一情况产生的任何额外费用：
< br>(i)
由于买方未能按照
A4
规
定指定承运人或其他人；
(ii)
或
由于承运人或买方指定的人未能接管货物；
(iii)
或由于买方未能按照
B7
< br>规定给予卖方相应通知
,
但以该货物已被清楚地确定为合同项下货物为限。
c)
在有必要时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款
和其他费用以及办理海关手续的费用及从他国过境
的费用。
A7
通知买方
在买方自担风险和费用的情况下，卖方应当将货物
已经按照
A4
的规定交付，
或承运人或买方指定的其
他人未能在约定的时间内提取货物的信息充分告知
买方。
B7
通知卖方
买方应当：
a)
及时告知卖方其依
A4
规定指定的承运人或者其他
人的名称，
使卖方能够按照
A4
条款的规定发送货物；
b)
在必要时，
告知卖方被指定的承运人或其他人在约
定的期限内收
取货物的具体时间；
c)
告知卖方由
买方指定人采取的运输方式；以及
d)
在约定地点内的具体取货位置。
A8
交货凭证
卖方应当自担费用地向买方提供证明按照
A4
规定已
完成交货的通常凭证。
Incoterms
2010
B8
提货证据
买方应当接受卖方依
A8
规定提供的交货凭证。
贸易术语解释通则
2010
22/88
卖方应当根据买方的要求，给予买方一切协助以取
得运输单据，风险和费用由买方承担
A9
检查、包装、标志
B9
货物检验
卖方应当支付那些对实现按
照
A4
的标准运输货物的
买方应当支付
任何装运之前强制检验的费用，
但出口
目标必不可少的检查措施
（比如说质量检查，测量，
国强制进行的检验除外。
称重，计数）所产生的费用，以及任何为出口国当
局规定的装运前检验的费用。
卖方应
当由自己负担成本来包装货物，除非对该特
定种类的交易来说，将这种被销售货物不加包
装地
运输是相关行业惯例。卖方可以将货物以适宜其运
输的方式
加以包装，除非买方在销售合同签订前向
卖方通知了明确的包装要求。包装应当适当地标
记。
A10
信息帮助和相关费用
应买方的要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方应当在
需要时及时向买方提供
或给予协助，以帮助买方取
得为买方进口货物可能要求的和
/<
/p>
或在运往目的地的
过程中可能需要的包括与安全清关有关的信息在
内
的任何单据或信息。
卖方应当补偿
买方因提供
B10
中协助其取得单据和
信息的行为时的费用和要价。
B10
信息帮助和相关费用
买方应当及时告知卖方其关于安全清关信息方面的
请求，使卖方能够履行
A10
中规定的义务。
买方应当对卖方因依
A10
规定所提供或给予的关于
取得单据和信息的协助而产生的费用和要价进行补
偿。
应卖方的要求并由其承担风险和费用，
买方应
当在需
要时及时向卖方提供或给予协助，
以帮助卖方取得为
运输和出口货物和
/
或从他国过境时需要的
包括与安
全清关有关的信息在内的任何单据或信息。
Incoterms 2010
23/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
CPT
–
Carriage Paid to (insert
named place of destination)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of
the mode of transport selected and may also be
used where more than one
mode of transport is employed.
“Carriage Paid To” means that the
seller delivers the goods to the carrier or
another person nominated by the seller at
an agreed place (if any such place is
agreed between the parties) and that the seller
must contract for and pay the
costs of
carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named
place of destination.
When CPT,
CIP
, CFR or CIF are used, the seller
fulfils its obligation
to deliver when
it hands the
goods over to the
carrier and not when the goods reach
the place of destination.
This rule has
two critical points, because risk passes and costs
are transferred at different places. The parties
are well
advised to identify as
precisely as possible in the contract both the
place of delivery, where the risk passes to the
buyer, and the named place of
destination to which the
seller must
contract for the carriage. If several carriers are
used for the carriage to the agreed destination
and the
parties do not agree on a
specific point of delivery, the default position
is that risk passes when the goods have been
delivered to the first carrier at a
point entirely of the seller’s choosing and over
which the
buyer has no
control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass
at a later stage (e.g., at an ocean port or
airport), they
need to specify this in
their contract of sale. The parties are also well
advised to identify as precisely as possible the
point within the agreed place of
destination, as the costs to that point are for
the account of the seller. The seller is
advised to procure contracts of
carriage that match this choice precisely. If the
seller incurs costs under its contract of
carriage related to unloading at the
named place of destination, the seller is not
entitled to recover such costs from
the
buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
CPT requires the seller to clear the
goods for export, where applicable. However, the
seller has no obligation to clear
the
goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out
any import customs formalities.
CPT
——
运费付至（
……
指定目的港）
导言
这一术语无例外地用于所选择的
任何一种运输方式以及运用多种运输方式的情况。
“
运费付至
…”
指卖方在指定交货地向承运人或由
其
(
卖方
)
指
定的其他人交货并且其
（卖方）
须与承运人订立
运输合同，载明并实际承担将货物运送至指定目的地的所产生的必要费用
.
在
CPT, CIP
, CFR,
or CIF
适用的情形下，
卖方的交货义务在将货物交付承运
人，
而非货物到达指定目的地时，
即告完全履行。
此规则有两个关键点，因为风险和成本在不同的地方发生转移。买卖双方当
事人应在买卖合同中尽可能准
确地确定以下两个点：
发生转移至
买方的交货地点
;
在其须订立的运输合同中载明的指定目的地。
如果使用多个
承运人将货物运至指定目的地，且买卖双方并未对
具体交货地点有所约定，则合同默认风险自货物由买方交给
第一承运人时转移，卖方对这
一交货地点的选取具有排除买方控制的绝对选择权。如果当事方希望风险转移推
迟至稍后
的地点发生（例如：某海港或机场）
，那么他们需要在买卖合同中明确约定这一点。
由于将货物运至指定目的地的费用由卖方承担，因而当事人应尽可
能准确地确定目的地中的具体地点。且
卖方须在运输合同中载明这一具体的交货地点。卖
方基于其运输合同中在指定目的地卸货时，如果产生了相关
费用，卖方无权向买方索要，
除非双方有其他约定。
CPT
贸易术
语要求卖方，在需要办理这些手续时，办理货物出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有义务办理货物进口
清关手续、支付进口关税以及办理任何进口所需的任何海关手续。
Incoterms 2010
24/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of
the seller
The seller must provide the
goods and the commercial
invoice in
conformity with the contract of sale and any
other evidence of conformity that may
be required by
the contract.
Any
document
referred
to
in
A1-A10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
A2
Licences,
authorizations,
security
clearances
and
other formalities
Where
applicable,
the
seller
must
obtain,
at
its
own
risk
and
expense,
any
export
licence
or
other
official
authorization
and
carry
out
all
customs
formalities
necessary
for
the
export
of
the
goods,
and
for
their
transport through any
country prior to delivery.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The
seller must contract or procure a contract for the
carriage
of
the
goods
from
the
agreed
point
of
delivery, if any, at the place of
delivery to the named
place
of
destination
or,
if
agreed,
any
point
at
that
place. The contract of
carriage must be made on usual
terms at
the seller’s expense and provide for
carri
age
by
the
usual
route
and
in
a
customary
manner.
If
a
specific
point
is
not
agreed
or
is
not
determined
by
practice, the seller may
select the point of delivery and
the
point at the named place of destination that best
suit its purpose.
b)
Contract of insurance
The
seller
has
no
obligation
to
the
buyer
to
make
a
contract
of
insurance.
However,
the
seller
must
provide
the
buyer,
at
the
buyer’s
request,
risk,
and
expense
(if any), with information that
the
buyer needs for obtaining insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must
deliver the goods by handing them
over
to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3
on the agreed date or within the agreed
period.
Incoterms 2010
B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of
the buyer
The buyer must pay the price
of the goods as provided
in the
contract of sale.
Any
document
referred
to
in
B1-B10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
B2
Licences,
authorizations,
security
clearances
and
other formalities
Where applicable, it is up
to the buyer to obtain, at its
own
risk
and
expense,
any
import
licence
or
other
official
authorization
and
carry
out
all
customs
formalities
for
the
import
of
the
goods
and
for
their
transport through any country.
B3 Contracts of carriage
and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The
buyer
has
no
obligation
to
the
seller
to
make
a
contract
of carriage.
b) Contract of
insurance
The
buyer
has
no
obligation
to
the
seller
to
make
a
contract
of
insurance.
However,
the
buyer
must
provide
the
seller,
upon
request,
with
the
necessary
information for
obtaining insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer
must take delivery of the goods when they
have been delivered as envisaged in A4
and receive
them from the carrier at
the named place of
destination.
25/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A5 Transfer of risks
The
seller
bears
all
risks
of
loss
of
or
damage
to
the
goods
until
they
have
been
delivered
in
accordance
with
A4,
with
the
exception
of loss or damage
in
the
circumstances described in B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) all costs relating to the goods
until they have been
delivered
in
accordance
with
A4,
other
than
those
payable by the buyer as envisaged in
B6;
b) the
freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a),
including
the
costs
of
loading
the
goods
and
any
charges for unloading at
the place of destination that
were for
the seller’s account under
the contract of carriage; and
c)
where
applicable,
the
costs
of
customs
formalities
necessary
for
export,
as
well
as
all
duties,
taxes
and
other charges payable upon export, and
the costs for
their transport through
any country that were for the
seller’s
account und
er the contract of carriage.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The
seller must
notify
the
buyer that
the
goods
have
been delivered in accordance with A4.
The
seller
must
give
the
buyer
any
notice
needed
in
order
to
allow
the
buyer
to
take
measures
that
are
normally
necessary
to
enable
the
buyer
to
take
the
goods.
A8
Delivery document
If customary or at
the buyer
’
s request the
seller must
Incoterms 2010
B5 Transfer of risks
The
buyer
bears
all
risks
of
loss
of
or
damage
to
the
goods
from
the
time
they
have
been
delivered
as
envisaged in A4.
If the buyer fails to give notice in
accordance with B7,
it must bear all
risks of loss of or damage to the goods
from the agreed date or the expiry date
of the agreed
period for delivery,
provided that the goods have been
clearly identified as the contract
goods.
B6 Allocation of
costs
The buyer must, subject to the
provisions of A3 a), pay
a)
all
costs
relating
to
the
goods
from
the
time
they
have
been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where
applicable, the costs of customs
formalities necessary
for
export,
as
well
as
all
duties,
taxes,
and
other
charges payable upon export as referred
to in A6 c);
b) all costs and charges
relating to the goods while in
transit
until
their
arrival
at
the
agreed
place
of
destination, unless such costs and
charges were for the
seller’s account
under the contract of
carriage;
c)
unloading
costs,
unless
such
costs
were
for
the
seller’s
account under the contract of carriage;
d)
any
additional
costs
incurred
if
the
buyer
fails
to
give
notice
in
accordance
with
B7,
from
the
agreed
date
or
the
expiry
date
of
the
agreed
period
for
dispatch,
provided
that
the
goods
have
been
clearly
identified as the contract goods; and
e)
where
applicable,
all
duties,
taxes
and
other
charges,
as
well
as
the
costs
of
carrying
out
customs
formalities payable upon import of the
goods and the
costs
for
their
transport
through
any
country,
unless
included within the cost of the
contract of carriage.
B7
Notices to the seller
The buyer must,
whenever it is entitled to
determine
the time for dispatching the goods
and/or the named
place of destination
or the point of receiving the goods
within
that
place,
give
the
seller
sufficient
notice
thereof.
B8 Proof of delivery
The
buyer
must
accept
the
transport
document
贸易术语解释通则
2010
26/88
provide
the
buyer,
at
the
seller
’
s
expense,
with
the
usual
transport
document[s]
for
the
transport
contracted in accordance with A3.
This
transport
document
must
cover
the
contract
goods
and
be
dated
within
the
period
agreed
for
shipment. If agreed or customary, the
document must
also
enable
the
buyer
to
claim
the
goods
from
the
carrier
at
the
named
place
of destination
and
enable
the
buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer
of
the document to a subsequent buyer
or by notification
to the carrier.
When
such
a
transport
document
is
issued
in
negotiable
form
and
in
several
originals,
a
full
set
of
originals
must be presented to the buyer.
A9 Checking
–
packaging
–
marking
The
seller
must
pay
the
costs
of
those
checking
operations
(such
as
checking
quality,
measuring,
weighing, counting) that are necessary
for the purpose
of delivering the goods
in accordance with A4, as well
as the
costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated
by
the
authority
of
the
country
of
export.
The
seller
must, at its own
expense, package the goods, unless it
is usual for the particular trade to
transport the type of
goods
sold
unpackaged.
The
seller
may
package
the
goods
in
the
manner
appropriate
for
their
transport,
unless
the
buyer
has
notified
the
seller
of
specific
packaging
requirements before the contract of sale is
concluded. Packaging is to be marked
appropriately.
A10
Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a
timely manner,
provide
to
or
render
assistance
in
obtaining
for
the
buyer,
at
the
buyer’s
request,
risk
and
expense,
any
documents and
information,
including
security-related
information,
that
the
buyer
needs
for
the
import
of
the
goods
and/or
for
their
transport to the final destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for
all costs and
charges incurred by the
buyer in providing or
rendering
assistance in obtaining documents and
information as envisaged in
B10.
provided as envisaged
in A8 if it is in conformity with
the
contract.
B9 Inspection
of goods
The
buyer
must
pay
the
costs
of
any
mandatory
pre-shipment
inspection, except when such inspection
is
mandated
by
the
authorities
of
the
country
of
export.
B10 Assistance with
information and related costs
The buyer
must, in a timely manner, advise the seller
of
any
security
information
requirements
so
that
the
seller may comply with A10.
The
buyer
must
reimburse
the
seller
for
all
costs
and
charges incurred by the
seller in providing or rendering
assistance in obtaining documents and
information as
envisaged in A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a
timely manner,
provide
to
or
render
assistance
in
obtaining
for
the
seller,
at
the
seller’s
reque
st,
risk
and
expense,
any
documents and
information,
including security-related
information, that the seller
needs for
the transport and export of the goods and
for their transport through any
country.
Incoterms 2010
27/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A
卖方义务
A1
卖方的一般义务
卖方必须提供与销售合同规定一致的货物和商业发
票，以及合同可能要求的证明
货物符合合同规定的
凭证。
按照双方
约定或惯例，
A1
至
A10
中提及的单据可以
是具有同等效力的电子记录或者程序。
< br>
A2
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续
在该港所在地需办理这些手续的情况下，卖方必须
自担风险和费用，取得任何出口许可证或其他官方
核准文件，并办理货物出口以及货物在
送达前从他
国过境运输所需的一切海关手续。
A3
运输合同与保险合同
a)
运输合同
卖方必须订立运输合同，若约定了交付地点的，将
货物从交付地的约定地点运至指定
目的地，如果约
定了目的地的具体交付货物地点的，也可运至目的
地的约定地点。
卖方必须自付费用，按照通常条件订立运输
合同，
依通常路线及习惯方式，将货物运至指定的目的地
的约定
点。如未约定目的地的具体交付货物地点或
未能依交易习惯予以确定该地点，则卖方可在
指定
的目的地选择最适合其目的的交货点。
b)
保险合同
卖方没有向买方制定保险合同的义务。
应买方的请求，并由买方承担风险和可能存在的费
用时，卖方必须向买方提供其需要的
用于获得保险
的相关信息。
A4
交货
卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内
依照
A3
的规定向订
立合同的承运人交
货
A5
风险转移
除
B5
所描述情形下的灭失或损坏外，卖方承担货物
灭失或损坏的一切风险，
直至已按照
A4
规定交货为
止
B
买方义务
B1
买方的一般义务
买房必须按照销售合同规定支付货物价款。
< br>按照双方约定或惯例，
B1
至
B
10
中提及的单据可以
是具有同等效力的电子记录或者程序。<
/p>
B2
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手
续
如果这些地方需要办理这些海关手续，买方在自行
承担风险和费用的情况下，可以自由决定是否取得
许可证或其他官方核准
文件，并办理货物进口和经
由他国过境运输的一切海关手续。
B3
运输合同和保险合同
a)
运输合同
买方没有向卖方制定运输合同的义务。
b)
保险合同
买方没有向卖方制定保险合同的义务，
但是，当卖方要求时，买方须向卖方提供获得保险
的必要信息。
B4
受领货物
买方必须在货物已经按照
A4
的规定交货时受领货
物，并在指定的目的地从承运人受领货物。
B5
风险转移
买方承担按照
A4
规定交货时起货物灭失或损坏的一
切风险。
在货物已被清楚确定为合同项下之物
的条件下，如
买方未能按照
B7
规定向
卖方发出通知，
则买方必须
从约定的交货日期或交货期限届满之
日起，承担货
物灭失或损坏的一切风险。
B6
费用划分
除
A3
a
）规定外，买方必须支付
28/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A6
费用划分
卖方必须支付
Incoterms
2010
a)
除
B6
规定者外，
卖方必须支付按照
A4
规定交货之
前与货物有关的一切费用；
b)
按照
A3 a
）
规定所发生的运费和一切其他费用，
包
< br>括根据运输合同规定应由卖方支付的装货费和在目
的地的卸货费；以及
c)
货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用及出口时
应缴
纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及根据运输合
同规定，
由卖方支付的货物从他国过境的费用
,
如果
这些地方需要办理这些海关手续。
a)
< br>自按照
A4
规定交货时起的一切与货物有关的费
用，
除了在
A6
中提到
的在这些地方需要办理海关手
续的情况下货物出口需要办理的海关手续费用及出
口时应缴纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用；
b
）货物在运输途中直至到达目的地为止的一切费
用，除非这些费
用根据运输合同应由卖方支付；
c
）
卸货费，除非根据运输合同应由卖方支付；
d
）如买方未按照
B7
规定给予卖方通知，则自约定
的装运日期或装运期限届满之日起，货物所发生的
一切额外费用，但
以该项货物已正式划归合同项下，
即清楚地划出或以其他方式确定为合同项下之货物
为限
e
）在需要
办理海关手续时货物进口应交纳的一切关
税、税款和其他费用，及办理海关手续的费用，
以
及从他国过境的费用，除非这些费用已包括在运输
合同中。<
/p>
A7
通知买方
卖方必须通知买方按照
A4
规定交货。
卖方必须给予买方任何必要的通知，以便买方能够
为领取货物采取通常必要的措施。
A8
交货凭证
如果依照惯例或者依照买方的要求，卖方必须向买
方提供依据
A3
所订立的运输合同所签发的通常运输
单据，且费用由卖方承
担。
运输单据必须包括约定货物，其注明日期必须在约
定的装运时间内。
(
如果
)
按照约定或和依照惯例，该
单据必须同时能够赋予买方在
约定地点向承运人受
领货物的权利以及通过向下一个买方转移单据或向
< br>承运人告知的方式在运输中卖出货物的权利。
当这样的
运输单据是以转让的方式签发的，并且有
多份正本时，一个完整全套的正本必须向买方提
供。
A9
检查、包装、标志
卖方必须支付按照
A4
规定为交货所必需的核查
（如
核查品质、丈量、过磅、计数）费用，同时包括出
口国当局强制的装
运前的检验费用。
卖方必须自行承担费用为货物提供包装（除
非在特
定贸易中运输此种货物通常无需包装）
。
卖方应该提供适合运输的包装，除非买方在缔结买
卖
合同之前已经告知卖方特定的包装要求。包装上
应适当地予以标记。
A10
信息帮助和相关费用
<
/p>
在该港所在地需办理这些手续的情况下，应买受人
Incoter
ms 2010
B7
通知卖方
一旦买方有权决定发送货物的时间和
/
或者
指定的目
的地或者指定接收货物的地点，买方必须就此给予
卖方
充分通知。
B8
提货证据
如果符合合同规定，
买方必须接受按照
A8
规定提供
的运输单据
B9
货物检验
买受人必须支付强制性的装
运前的检验费用，但出
口国当局强制进行检验的除外。
提供的运输单据，如果该单据符合合同规定的话
B10
信息帮助和相关费用
就任何有关安全信息的要求，买受人必须及时通知
贸易术语解释通则
2010
29/88
的需求并由其承担
风险和费用，出卖人应及时地提
供或者实施帮助以使买受人获得其在进口货物和
/
或
者运输货物到最终目的地所需要的任何单据
和信
息，包括涉及安全的信息。
出卖
人必须偿付买受人在出卖人在提供或给予帮助
获取单据和信息的过程中所遭受的损失和费
用，与
B10
相对应。
出卖人，以使其能履行
A10
规定的义务。
买受人必须偿付出卖人为提供或协助买受人获得
A1
0
条所述单据和信息而产生的一切费用。
在该港所在地需办理这些手续的情况下，在出卖人
提出要求、承担风险并给付费用的
情况下，买受人
必须及时向出卖人提供或协助出卖人获得出卖人在
出口货物和经由他国过境运输所需要的任何单据和
信息，包括与安全有关的信息。
Incoterms 2010
30/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid to
(insert named place of destination)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may
be used irrespective of the mode of transport
selected and may also be used where
more than one
mode
of
transport
is
employed.
“Carriage
and
Insurance
Paid
to”
means
that
the
seller
delivers
the
goods
to
the
carrier or another person nominated by
the seller at an agreed place (if any such place
is agreed between the parties)
and that
the seller must contract for and pay the costs of
carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named
place of
destination.
The
seller also contracts for insurance cover against
the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the
goods during the
carriage.
The
buyer
should
note
that
under
CIP
the
seller
is required
to
obtain
insurance
only
on minimum
cover.
Should the buyer wish
to have more insurance protection, it will need
either to agree as much expressly with the
seller or to make its own extra
insurance arrangements.
When CPT,
CIP
, CFR or CIF are used, the seller
fulfils its obligation
to deliver when
it hands the
goods over to the
carrier and not when the goods reach
the place of destination.
This rule has
two critical points, because risk passes and costs
are transferred at different places. The parties
are well
advised to identify as
precisely as possible in the contract both the
place of delivery, where the risk passes to the
buyer, and the named place of
destination to which the seller must contract for
carriage. If several carriers are used
for the carriage to the agreed
destination and the parties do not agree on a
specific point of delivery, the default
position is that risk passes when the
goods have been delivered to the first carrier at
a point entirely of the
seller’s
choosing and over which the buyer has
no control. Should the parties wish the risk to
pass at a later stage (e.g., at an
ocean port or an airport), they need to
specify this in their contract of sale.
The parties are also well advised to
identify as precisely as possible the point within
the agreed place of destination,
as the
costs to that point are for the account of the
seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts
of carriage that
match this choice
precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its
contract of carriage related to unloading at the
named
place of destination, the seller
is not entitled to recover such costs from the
buyer unless otherwise agreed between
the parties.
CIP requires
the seller to clear the goods for export, where
applicable. However, the seller has no obligation
to clear
the goods for import, pay any
import duty or carry out any import customs
formalities.
CIP
——
运费和保险费付至（
……
指定目的
地）
导言
该术语可适用于各种运输方式，也可以用于使用两种以上的运输方式时。
“
运费和保险费付至
”
含义
是在约定的地方（如果该地在双方间达成一致）卖方向承运人或是卖方指定的另
一个人发
货，以及卖方必须签订合同和支付将货物运至目的地的运费。
卖方还必须订立保险合同以防买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险。买方应注意到
CIP
（运费和保险费付
至指定目的地）术语只要求卖方投保最低限度
的保险险别。如买方需要更多的保险保障，则需要与卖方明确地
达成协议，或者自行作出
额外的保险安排。
在
CPT
，
CIP
，
CFR
和
CIF
在这些术语下，当卖方将货物交付
与承运人时而不是货物到达目的地时，卖方已
经完成其交货义务。
由于风险和费用因地点之不同而转移，本规则有两个关键点。买卖双方最好在合同中
尽可能精确地确认交
货地点，风险转移至买方地，以及卖方必须订立运输合同所到达的指
定目的地。若将货物运输至约定目的地用
到若干承运人而买卖双方未就具体交货点达成一
致，
则默认为风险自货物于某一交货点被交付至第一承运人时
转
移，该交货点完全由卖方选择而买方无权控制。如果买卖双方希望风险在之后的某一阶段转移（例如在一个
海港或一个机场）
，则他们需要在其买卖合同中明确之。
Incoterms 2010
31/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
将货物运
输至具体交货地点的费用由卖方承担，
因此双方最好尽可能明确在约定的目的地的具体交
货地点。
卖方最好制定与此次交易精确匹配的的运输合同。如果卖方按照运输合同在指定
的目的地卸货而支付费用，除
非双方另有约定，卖方无权向买方追讨费用。
CIP
术语要求卖方在必要时办理货物出口清关手
续。但是，卖方不承担办理货物进口清关手续，支付任何进口
关税，或者履行任何进口报
关手续的义务。
Incoterms 2010
32/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1 General obligations of the seller
The seller must provide the goods and
the commercial
invoice in conformity
with the contract of sale and any
other
evidence of conformity that may be required by
the contract.
Any
document
referred
to
in
A1-A10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
B THE BUYER’
OBLIGATIONS
B1 General
obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the
goods as provided
in the contract of
sale.
Any
document
referred
to
in
B1-B10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
B2 Licences,
authorizations, security clearances and
other Formalities
Where applicable, it is up to the buyer
to obtain, at its
own risk and expense,
any import licence or other
official
authorization and carry out all customs
formalities for the import of the goods
and for their
transport through any
country.
B3 Contracts of carriage and
insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The
buyer
has
no
obligation
to
the
seller
to
make
a
contract
of carriage.
b) Contract of
insurance
The
buyer
has
no
obligation
to
the
seller
to
make
a
contract
of
insurance.
However,
the
buyer
must
provide the seller, upon request, with
any information
necessary
for
the
seller
to
procure
any
additional
insurance
requested
by
the
buyer
as
envisaged
in
A3
b).
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A2
Licences, authorizations, security clearances and
other formalities
Where applicable, the seller must
obtain, at its own
risk and expense,
any export licence or other official
authorization and carry out all customs
formalities
necessary for the export of
the goods and for their
transport
through any country prior to delivery.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The
seller must contract or procure a contract for the
carriage
of
the
goods
from
the
agreed
point
of
delivery, if any, at the place of
delivery to the named
place
of
destination
or,
if
agreed,
any
point
at
that
place. The contract of
carriage must be made on usual
terms at
the seller’s expense and provide for
carriage
by
the
usual
route
and
in
a
customary
manner.
If
a
specific
point
is
not
agreed
or
is
not
determined
by
practice, the seller may
select the point of delivery and
the
point at the named place of destination that best
suit its purpose.
b)
Contract of insurance
The
seller
must
obtain
at
its
own
expense
cargo
insurance complying at least with the
minimum cover
as
provided
by
Clauses
(C)
of
the
Institute
Cargo
Clauses
(LMA/IUA)
or
any
similar
clauses.
The
insurance shall be
contracted with underwriters or an
insurance
company
of
good
repute
and
entitle
the
buyer, or any other person having an
insurable interest
in the goods, to
claim directly from the insurer.
When
required by the buyer, the seller shall, subject
to
the
buyer
providing
any
necessary
information
requested by the seller, provide at the
buyer’s expense
any
additional
cover,
if
procurable,
such
as
cover
as
provided
by
Clauses
(A)
or
(B)
of
the
Institute
Cargo
Clauses (LMA/IUA) or any similar
clauses, and/or cover
complying
with
the
Institute
War
Clauses
and/or
Incoterms 2010
33/88
Institute
Strikes
Clauses
(LMA/IUA)
or
any
similar
clauses.
The
insurance
shall
cover,
at
a
minimum,
the
price
provided in the
contract plus 10% (i.e., 110%) and shall
be in the currency of
the
contract. The insurance shall cover the goods from
the point of delivery set out in A and
A5 to at least the
named
place
of
destination.
The
seller
must
provide
the buyer with the
insurance policy or other evidence
of
insurance cover. Moreover, the seller must provide
the buyer, at the buyer’s request,
ris
k, and expense (if
any),
with information that the buyer needs to procure
any additional insurance.
A4 Delivery
The seller must
deliver the goods by handing them
over
to the carrier contracted in accordance with A3
on the agreed date or within the agreed
period.
A5
Transfer of risks
The
seller
bears
all
risks
of
loss
of
or
damage
to
the
goods
until
they
have
been
delivered
in
accordance
with
A4,
with
the
exception
of loss or damage
in
the
circumstances described in B5.
A6 Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a) all
costs relating to the goods until they have been
delivered
in
accordance
with
A4,
other
than
those
payable by the buyer
as envisaged in B6;
b) the freight and
all other costs resulting from A3 a),
including
the
costs
of
loading
the
goods
and
any
charges for unloading at
the place of destination that
were for
the seller’s account under
the contract of carriage;
c)
the costs of insurance resulting from A3 b); and
d)
where
applicable,
the
costs
of
customs
formalities
necessary
for
export,
as
well
as
all
duties,
taxes
and
other
charges payable upon export, and the costs for
their transport through any country
that were for the
Incoterms 2010
B4 Taking
delivery
The buyer must take delivery
of the goods when they
have been
delivered as envisaged in A4 and receive
them from the carrier at the named
place of
destination.
B5 Transfer of risks
The
buyer
bears
all
risks
of
loss
of
or
damage
to
the
goods
from
the
time
they
have
been
delivered
as
envisaged
in
A4.
If
the
buyer
fails
to
give
notice
in
accordance with B7, it must
bear
all
risks of
loss of or damage
to the
goods from
the
agreed
date
or
the
expiry
date
of
the
agreed
period for delivery, provided that the
goods have been
clearly identified as
the contract goods.
B6
Allocation of costs
The buyer must,
subject to the provisions of A3 a), pay
a)
all
costs
relating
to
the
goods
from
the
time
they
have
been delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where
applicable, the costs of customs
formalities necessary
for
export,
as
well
as
all
duties,
taxes
and
other
charges payable upon export as referred
to in A6 d);
b) all costs and charges
relating to the goods while in
transit
until
their
arrival
at
the
agreed
place
of
destination, unless such costs and
charges were for the
seller’s account
under the contract of
carriage;
c)
unloading
costs,
unless
such
costs
were
for
the
seller’s
account under the contract of carriage;
d) any additional costs incurred if it
fails to give notice
in
accordance
with
B7,
from
the
agreed
date
or
the
expiry date of the
agreed period for dispatch, provided
贸易术语解释通则
2010
34/88
seller’s account under
the contract of carriage.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The
seller must
notify
the
buyer that
the
goods
have
been delivered in accordance with A4.
The seller must give the buyer any
notice needed in
order to allow the
buyer to take measures that are
normally necessary to enable the buyer
to take the
goods.
A8 Delivery document
If
customary o
r at the buyer’s request,
the seller must
provide
the
buyer,
at
the
seller’s
expense,
with
the
usual
transport
document[s]
for
the
transport
contracted in accordance with A3.
This
transport
document
must
cover
the
contract
goods
and
be
dated
within
the
period
agreed
for
shipment. If agreed or customary, the
document must
also
enable
the
buyer
to
claim
the
goods
from
the
carrier
at
the
named
place
of destination
and
enable
the
buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer
of
the document to a subsequent buyer
or by notification
to the carrier.
When
such
a
transport
document
is
issued
in
negotiable
form
and
in
several
originals,
a
full
set
of
originals
must be presented to the buyer.
A9 Checking
–
packaging
–
marking
The
seller
must
pay
the
costs
of
those
checking
operations
(such
as
checking
quality,
measuring,
weighing, counting) that are necessary
for the purpose
of delivering the goods
in accordance
with
A4
as
well
as
the
costs
of
any
pre-shipment
inspection
mandated
by
the
authority
of
the
country
of export.
The
seller
must,
at
its
own
expense,
package
the
goods,
unless
it
is
usual
for
the
particular
trade
to
transport
the
type
of
goods
sold
unpackaged.
The
Incoterms 2010
that
the
goods
have
been
clearly
identified
as
the
contract goods;
e) where
applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges
as well as the costs of carrying out
customs formalities
payable
upon
import
of
the
goods
and
the
costs
for
their
transport
through
any
country,
unless
included
within the cost of
the contract of carriage; and
f) the
costs of any additional insurance procured at the
buyer’s request under A3
and
B3.
B7 Notices to the
seller
The buyer must, whenever it is
entitled to determine
the time for
dispatching the goods and/or the named
place of destination or the point of
receiving the goods
within that place,
give the seller sufficient notice
thereof.
B8 Proof of delivery
The
buyer
must
accept
the
transport
document
provided as
envisaged in A8 if it is in conformity with
the contract.
B9
Inspection of goods
The
buyer
must
pay
the
costs
of
any
mandatory
pre-shipment inspection, except when
such inspection
is
mandated
by
the
authorities
of
the
country
of
export.
贸易术语解释通则
2010
35/88
seller may package the
goods in the
manner
appropriate
for
their
transport,
unless
the
buyer
has
notified
the
seller
of
specific
packaging
requirements before the contract of
sale is concluded.
Packaging is to be
marked
appropriately.
A10 Assistance with information and
related costs
The seller must, where
applicable, in a timely manner,
provide
to
or
render
assistance
in
obtaining
for
the
buyer,
at
the
buyer’s
request,
risk
and
expense,
any
documents and
information, including security-related
information,
that
the
buyer
needs
for
the
import
of
the
goods
and/or
for
their
transport
to
the
final
destination.
The
seller must
reimburse
the
buyer
for
all
costs
and
charges
incurred
by
the
buyer
in
providing
or
rendering
assistance
in
obtaining
documents
and
information as envisaged in
B10.
B10 Assistance with
information and related costs
The buyer
must, in a timely manner, advise the seller
of
any
security
information
requirements
so
that
the
seller
may
comply
with
A10.
The
buyer
must
reimburse the seller for all costs and
charges incurred
by
the
seller
in
providing
or
rendering
assistance
in
obtaining documents and
information as envisaged in
A10.
The buyer must, where applicable, in a
timely manner,
provide
to
or
render
assistance
in
obtaining
for
the
seller,
at
the
seller’s
request,
risk
and
expense,
any
documents and
information, including security-related
information,
that
the
seller
needs
for
the
transport
and
export
of
the
goods
and
for
their
transport
through any
country.
Incoterms 2010
36/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A
卖方义务
A1
卖方的一般义务
卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发
票，以及合同可能要求的其他任
何凭证。
如经双方当事人约定或者存在惯例，
那么
A1-A10
中
提及的任
何文件都可以是一个等价的电子版的记录
或程序。
A2
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续
如有需要，卖方必须自担风险和费用，取得任何出
口许可证或其他官方
授权，并办理货物出口及交货
前货物从他国国境所需的一切海关手续
A3
运输合同与保险合同
a
）
运输合同
B
买方义务
B1
买方的一般义务
买方必须按照销售合同规定支付货物价款。
< br>经买卖双方同意或依据惯例，
B1-B10
中所述之单<
/p>
据可以是同等作用的电子备案手续。
B
2
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续
需要取得进口许可证、办理海关手续时，买方应
当自担风险与费用，
< br>取得任何进口许可以及其他
官方授权，
并办理货物进口以
及从他国过境的一
切海关手续。
B3
运输合同和保险合同
a)
运输合同
卖方必须订立一个货物运输合同，以将货物从交付
买方对卖方没有义务制定运输合同。
地区的约定的任何的交付点，
运送至
指定的目的地，
或者也可以运至指定地区约定的具体地点。
卖方必须自行承担费用，并按照通常条件订立运输
合同，同时合同须依照通常路线及习惯方式来提供
货物。
若未约定或按照惯例也不能确定具体的地点，则卖
方可选择最符合其目的的交货点，以及在指定目的
地的最适合其目的的交货点
b)
保险合同
卖方必须自付费用取得货物
保险，该货物保险至少
应按照《协会货物保险条款》
（劳埃德市
场协会
/
国
际保险人协会）的条款或其
他类似条款中的最低保
险险别投保。保险合同应与信誉良好的保险人或保
险公司订立，并赋予买方或任何其他对货物具有保
险利益的人直接向保险人索赔
的权利。
当买方提出要求时，卖方应要求并且根据买方所提<
/p>
供的必要信息，在可行的情况下，由买方付费给予
买方加投额外的
保险，比如给予《协会货物保险条
款》
（劳埃德市场协会
/
国际保险人协会）中的条款
（
A
）
或者
（
B
）
的险级保障或类似条款的险级保障，
和
/
或给予《协会战争条款》和
/
或《协会罢工条款》
或者其他类似条款的险级保障。
保险金额最低限度应包括合同规定价款的另加
10%
（即
110%
）
，并应采用合同中约定的货币。
保险应当包括，从
A4
和
A5
中规定的发货起点起，
至少到达指定目的地的货物。
卖方应向买方提供保险单或者
其他保险范围的证
据。
Incoterms 2010
37/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
b)
保险合同
买方对卖方没有义务制定保险合同。但是，应卖
方要求，买方必须按照
A3
b)
的规定向卖方提供
必要的信息，
以便卖方应买方之要求购买任何额
外的保险。
此外，卖方必须根据买方的要求、风险和费用（如
果有的话）
，
向买方提供买方需要投资额外保险的信<
/p>
息。
A4
交货
卖方必须按照约定日期或期限，
向按照
A3
规定订立
< br>合同的承运人交货
A5
风险转移
卖方在按照
A4
的规定交付商品之前，
承担所有的货
物毁损或灭失责任，但货物的毁损或灭失是由于
B5
所述的情况的除外。
B4
受领货物
(
接收货物
)
买方必须在卖方按照
A4
规定交货
时受领货物，
并在指定的目的地从承运人处收受货物。
B5
风险转移
买方承担按照
A4
规定交货后货物灭失或损坏的
一切风险。
买方如未按照
B7
规定通知卖方，则必须从约定
的交货日期或交货期限届满之
日起，
承担货物灭
失或损坏的一切风险，
但以该项货物明确的规定
为合同项下之货物为限。
B6
费用划分
根据
A3
a)
的规定，买方应当支付
a)
根据
A4
规定的从交货时起与货物有关的一
切
费用，除了在可适用情况下，货物出口所需的海
关手续费用，
以及关税、税额和
A6
中规定的出
口所
应支付的其他费用应由卖方支付
b)
及货物在运输途中直至到达约定目的地为止的
一切费用，
除非这
些费用根据运输合同约定应由
卖方支付
c)
及卸载费，除非这些费用根据运输合同约定应
由卖方支付
d)
如买方未按照
B7
规定给予卖方通知，则自约
定的装运日期或装运期限届满之日起，
货物所发
生的任
何额外费用，
但以该项货物已经清楚地确
定为合同项下的货物为
限；
e)
在需要办理海关手续时，货
物进口应交纳的一
切关税、税款和其他费用，及办理海关手续的费
用，以及从他国过境的费用，除非这些费用已包
括在运输合同中。及
< br>
f)
在
A3
< br>和
B3
之下，应买方要求购买任何额外保
险的费用
A7
通知买方
卖方必须通知买方货物已按照
A4
规定交货。
买方必须给予买方任何有必要的通知，以便买方能
够
为接收货物而采取通常必要的措施
A8
交货凭证
如果依习惯或按照买方要求，卖方必须自付费用向
买方提供按照
A3
订立的运输合同所涉及的通常运
输单据
< br>
Incoterms 2010
A6
费用划分
卖方必须支付
a)
直至按照
A4
的规定交货为止前与货物有关的一
切费用，除
B6
中规定的买家所需支付的费用
；
b)
按照
A3 a)
规定所发生的运费和其
他一切费用，
包
括装船费和根据运输合同应由卖方支付的在目的
地
的卸货费；
c)
按照
A3
b)
规定所发生的保险费用；及
d)
在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口需要办理的海
关手续费用，以
及货物出口时应交纳的一切关税、
税款和其他费用，以及根据运输合同由卖方支付的
货物从他国过境的费用。
B7
通知卖方
一旦买方有权决定发运货物的时间和／或指定
的目的地
/
或接收货物目的地的具体地点，买方
必须就此给予卖方充分通知。<
/p>
B8
提货证据
买方必须接受按照
A8
规定提供的运输单据，如
果该单据符合合同
规定的话。
贸易术语解释通则
2010
38/88
这份运输单据必须包括合同货物并且要在约定的运
输期间内签署。如果依照约定或习惯，这份单据也
必须要让买方
能在确定的地点向运输方领取货物，
并且还要让买方能通过转让单据给下一个买家或告<
/p>
知运输方的方式卖出货物。
当这样一份
单据以协商的形式订立并且有若干原件
的时候，必须向买方提供所有原件。
A9
检查、包装、标志
B9
货物检验
卖方必须支付为按照
A4
规定交货所需进行的查对
买方必须支付任何强制性装运前检验费用，
但出
费用（如核对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用）
口国有关当局强制进行的检验除外。
。
以及出口国有关机关的装运前的强制检验费用。
卖方必须自付费用，包装货物，除非按照相关行业
惯例此类买卖货物无需包装
发运。卖方可以以适合
运输的方式包装货物，除非买方在销售合同签订前
通知卖方具体的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。
A10
信息帮助和相关费用
如有需要
,
应买方的要求并由其负担风险与费用
,
卖
方必须以适时的方法
,
提供或协助买方取得任何单
据或信息，
包括与货物出口安全或
/
和货物运送至最
终目的地所需有关的信息
,
。
< br>
卖方必须补偿买方依
B10
的
情况因提供或给予协助
取得所需之单据或信息的所有费用。
B10
信息帮助和相关费用
买方必须及时通知卖方任何安全信息要求，
以使
卖方遵守
A10
的规定
.
买方必须偿付卖方因给予协助和获取
A10
所述单
据和信息所发生的一切费用
.
当需要
时，应卖方要求并由其承担风险和费用，
买方必须及时向卖方提供或协助卖方获得任何<
/p>
单据和信息，
包括卖方为了货物的运输和出口和
< br>从他国过境所需要的与安全相关的信息。
Incoterms 2010
39/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
DAT
–
Delivered at Terminal
(insert named terminal at port or place of
destination)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of
the mode of transport selected and may also be
used where more than one
mode of
transport is employed.
“Delivered at
Terminal”
means that the seller
delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the
arriving means of
transport, are placed
at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal
at the named port or place of destination.
“Terminal” includes any place, whether
covered or not,
such as a quay,
warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air
cargo terminal.
The seller
bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to
and unloading them at the terminal at the named
port or
place
of
destination.
The
parties
are
well
advised
to
specify
as
clearly
as
possible
the
terminal
and,
if
possible,
a
specific
point
within
the
terminal
at
the
agreed port
or
place
of
destination,
as
the
risks
to
that
point
are
for
the
account of the
seller. The seller is advised to procure a
contract of carriage that matches this choice
precisely.
Moreover, if the parties
intend the seller to bear the risks and costs
involved in transporting and handling the goods
from the terminal to another place,
then the DAP or DDP rules should be used.
DAT requires the seller to clear the
goods for export, where applicable.
However, the seller has no obligation
to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty
or carry out any import
customs
formalities.
DAT
——
终点站交货（
……
指定目的港或目
的地）
此规则可用于选择的各种运输方式，也适用于选择的一
个以上的运输方式。
“
终点站交货<
/p>
”
是指，
卖方在指定的目的港或目的地的
指定的终点站卸货后将货物交给买方处置即完成交货。
“
终点站
”
包括任何地方，无论约定或者不约定，包括码头，仓库，集装
箱堆场或公路，铁路或空运货站。卖方
应承担将货物运至指定的目的地和卸货所产生的一
切风险和费用。
建议当事人尽量明确地指定终点站，如果可能
，
（指定）在约定的目的港或目的地的终点站内的一个特定
地点
，
因为
（货物）
到达这一地点的风险是
由卖方承担建议卖方签订一份与这样一种选择准确契合的运输合同。
< br>此外，若当事人希望卖方承担从终点站到另一地点的运输及管理货物所产生的风险和费用，那么此时
DAP
（目的地交货）或
DDP
（完税后交货）规则应该被适用。
在必要的情况下
，
DAT
规则要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。但是，卖方没有
义务办理货物进口清关手续并支
付任何进口税或办理任何进口报关手续。
Incoterms
2010
40/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A
THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS
A1
General obligations of the seller
The
seller must provide the goods and the commercial
invoice in conformity with the contract
of sale and any
other evidence of
conformity that may be required by
the
contract.
Any
document
referred
to
in
A1-A10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
A2
Licences,
authorizations,
security
clearances
and
other formalities
Where
applicable,
the
seller
must
obtain,
at
its
own
risk and expense, any
export licence and other official
authorization
and
carry
out
all
customs
formalities
necessary
for
the
export
of
the
goods
and
for
their
transport through any
country prior to delivery.
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance
a) Contract of carriage
The
seller
must
contract
at
its
own
expense
for
the
carriage
of
the
goods
to
the
named
terminal
at
the
agreed
port
or
place
of
destination.
If
a
specific
terminal
is
not
agreed
or
is
not
determined
by
practice,
the
seller
may
select
the
terminal
at
the
agreed
port
or
place
of
destination that
best
suits
its
purpose.
b) Contract of
insurance
The
seller
has
no
obligation
to
the
buyer
to
make
a
contract
of
insurance.
However,
the
seller
must
provide
the
buyer,
at
the
buyer’s
request,
risk,
and
expense
(if
any),
with
information
that
the
buyer
needs
for obtaining insurance.
A4
Delivery
The
seller
must
unload
the
goods
from
the
arriving
means
of
transport
and
must
then
deliver
them
by
placing
them at the disposal of the buyer at the named
terminal
referred
to
in
A3
a)
at
the
port
or
place
of
destination
on
the
agreed
date
or
within
the
agreed
period.
B
THE B
UYER’ OBLIGATIONS
B1 General obligations of the buyer
The buyer must pay the price of the
goods as provided
in the contract of
sale.
Any
document
referred
to
in
B1-B10
may
be
an
equivalent
electronic
record
or
procedure
if
agreed
between the parties
or customary.
B2
Licences,
authorizations,
security
clearances
and
other formalities
Where
applicable,
the
buyer
must
obtain,
at
its
own
risk
and
expense,
any
import
licence
or
other
official
authorization and carry out all customs
formalities for
the import of the
goods.
B3
Contracts of carriage and insurance
a)
Contract of carriage
The
buyer
has
no
obligation
to
the
seller
to
make
a
contract of carriage.
b) Contract of insurance
The
buyer
has
no
obligation
to
the
seller
to
make
a
contract
of
insurance.
However,
the
buyer
must
provide
the
seller,
upon
request,
with
the
necessary
information for
obtaining insurance.
B4 Taking delivery
The buyer
must take delivery of the goods when they
have been delivered as envisaged in A4.
A5 Transfer of risks
B5 Transfer of risks
The
seller
bears
all
risks
of
loss
of
or
damage
to
the
The
buyer
bears
all
risks
of
loss
of
or
damage
to
the
goods
until
they
have
been
delivered
in
accordance
goods
from
the
time
they
have
been
delivered
as
Incoterms 2010
41/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
with
A4
with
the
exception
of
loss
or
damage
in
the
circumstances described
in B5.
A6
Allocation of costs
The seller must pay
a)
in
addition
to
costs
resulting
from
A3
a),
all
costs
relating to the goods until they have
been delivered in
accordance with A4,
other than those payable by the
buyer
as envisaged in B6; and
b)
where
applicable,
the
costs
of
customs
formalities
necessary
for
export
as
well
as
all
duties,
taxes
and
other
charges
payable
upon
export
and
the
costs
for
their
transport
through
any
country,
prior
to
delivery
in accordance with
A4.
A7 Notices to the buyer
The
seller
must
give
the
buyer
any
notice
needed
in
order
to
allow
the
buyer
to
take
measures
that
are
normally
necessary
to
enable
the
buyer
to
take
delivery
of the goods.
A8 Delivery
document
The seller must provide the
buyer, at the seller’s
expense, with a
document enabling the buyer to take
delivery of the goods as envisaged in
A4/B4.
A9 Checking
–
packaging
–
marking
The
seller
must
pay
the
costs
of
those
checking
operations
(such
as
checking
quality,
measuring,
weighing, counting) that are necessary
for the purpose
of delivering the goods
in accordance with A4, as well
as the
costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated
by
the
authority
of
the
country
of
export.
The
seller
must, at its own
expense, package the goods, unless it
Incoterms 2010
envisaged in
A4.
If
a) the buyer fails to
fulfill its obligations in accordance
with
B2,
then
it
bears
all
resulting
risks
of
loss
of
or
damage to the goods;
or
b) the buyer fails to
give notice in accordance with B7,
then
it bears all risks of loss of or damage to the
goods
from the agreed date or the
expiry date of the agreed
period for
delivery, provided that the goods have been
clearly identified as the contract
goods.
B6 Allocation of
costs
The buyer must pay
a)
all
costs
relating
to
the
goods
from
the
time
they
have
been delivered as envisaged in A4;
b)
any
additional
costs
incurred
by
the
seller
if
the
buyer
fails
to
fulfill
its
obligations
in
accordance
with
B2, or to give notice in accordance
with B7, provided
that
the
goods
have
been
clearly
identified
as
the
contract
goods; and
c)
where
applicable,
the
costs
of
customs
formalities
as well
as all
duties,
taxes
and
other
charges
payable
upon import of the goods.
B7 Notices to the seller
The
buyer must, whenever it is entitled to determine
the time within an agreed period and/or
the point of
taking
delivery
at the
named terminal,
give
the
seller
sufficient notice thereof.
B8 Proof of delivery
The
buyer must accept the delivery document
provided as envisaged in A8.
B9 Inspection
of goods
The buyer must pay the costs
of any mandatory
pre-shipment
inspection, except when such inspection
is mandated by the authorities of the
country of
export.
贸易术语解释通则
2010
42/88
is usual for the
particular trade to transport the type of
goods sold unpackaged.
The
seller
may
package
the
goods
in
the
manner
appropriate
for
their
transport,
unless
the
buyer
has
notified
the
seller
of
specific
packaging
requirements
before
the
contract
of
sale
is
concluded.
Packaging
is
to be marked
appropriately.
A10
Assistance with information and related costs
The seller must, where applicable, in a
timely manner,
provide
to
or
render
assistance
in
obtaining
for
the
buyer,
at
the
buyer’s
request,
risk
and
expense,
any
documents and
information, including security-related
information,
that
the
buyer
needs
for
the
import
of
the
goods
and/or
for
their
transport
to
the
final
destination.
The seller must reimburse the buyer for
all costs and
charges incurred by the
buyer in providing or
rendering
assistance in obtaining documents and
information as envisaged in
B10.
B10 Assistance
with information and related costs
The buyer must, in a timely manner,
advise the seller
of
any
security
information
requirements
so
that
the
seller
may comply with A10.
The
buyer
must reimburse
the
seller
for
all
costs
and
charges incurred by the seller in
providing or rendering
assistance in
obtaining documents and information as
envisaged in A10.
The buyer
must, where applicable, in a timely manner,
provide
to
or
render
assistance
in
obtaining
for
the
seller,
at
the
seller’s
request,
risk
and
expense,
any
documents and information, including
security-related
information,
that
the
seller
needs
for
the
transport
and
export
of
the
goods
and
for
their
transport
through any country.
Incoterms 2010
43/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
A
卖方义务
A1
卖方的一般义务
卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发
票以及合同可能要求的、证明货
物符合合同规定
的其他凭证。
如果在
当事人约定或者依据商业惯例的情况下，
A1
—
A10
条款中提及的任何单据都可以是具有同
等效力的
电子记录或者手续。
A2
许可证、批
准、安全通关及其他手续
在必要的情况下，卖方必须自担风险
和费用，在
交货前取得任何出口许可证或其他官方许可，并
且在
需要办理海关手续时办理货物出口和从他国
过境所需的一切海关手续。
< br>
A3
运输合同与保险合同
a)
运输合同
卖方必须自付费用订立运输合同，将货物运至指
定目的港或目的地的指定终点站。如
未约定或按
照交易习惯也无法确定具体交货点，卖方可在目
的港
或目的地选择最符合其交易目的的终点站
（交货）
。
b)
保险合同
卖方没有为买方签订保险合同的义务。但是，卖
方在买方的要求下，
必须向买方提供买方借以获
得保险服务的信息，其中如果存在风险和费用，
一概由买方承担。
A4
交货
卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内
，在目的港或目
的地中按
A3
条
a
）款所指定的终点站，将货物从
交货的运输
工具上卸下，并交给买方处置完成交
货。
A5
风险转移
B
买方义务
B1
买方的一般义务
买方必须根据买卖合同中规定的货物价格履行交
付义务。
如果买卖双方有约定或者有商业惯例的情况下，
B1
至
B10
中提到的任何单据都可以是具有同等
效力
的电子记录或者手续。
B2
许可证、批准、安全通关及其他手续
<
/p>
在必要的情况下，
买方必须自担风险和费用，
取得
所需的进口许可证或其他官方许可证，
并办理货物
进口所需的一切海关手续。
B3
运输合同和保险合同
a)
运输合同
买方没有为卖方签订运输合同的义务。
b
）保险合同
买方没有为卖方签订保险合同的义务。
但是如果卖
方要求，<
/p>
买方则必须向卖方提供必要的关于获得保
险的必要信息。
B4
受领货物
(
接收货物
)
货
物已按
A4
的规定交付时，
买受人必须
受领货物。
B5
风险转移
除了
B5
条所描述的
（货物）
灭失或损坏的情形外，
自货物已按
A4
条的规定交付时起，买方必须承担
卖方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切
风险，直至
货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。
货物已经按照
A4
条的规定交付为止。
如果买方未按
B2
条的规定履行
义务，买方承担由
此产生的货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。
如果买方未按
B7
条的规定给予通知，自约定的交
付货物的日期或期间届满之日起，
买方承担货物灭
失或损坏的一切风险，
但以该项货物已经被清楚地
确定为合同货
物为限。
A6
费用划分
Incoterms
2010
B6
费用划分
44/88
贸易术语解释通则
2010
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