2014年全国统一高考英语试卷(全国一卷)

2014

年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ ）

第二部分

阅读理解（共两节，满分

60

分）

第一节

（共

15

小题；每小题

3

分，满分

45

分）

阅读下 列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（

A

、

B

、

C

、和

D

）中，选出最佳选

项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge

Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!

The

Cambridge

Science

Festival

(CSF)

is

pleased

to

inform

you

of

the

sixth

annual

Curiosity

Challenge.

The

challenge

invites,

even

dares

school

students

between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their

curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.

Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write

a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or

pieces

of

writing

should

be

sent

to

the

Cambridge

Science

Festival,

MIT

Museum,

265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.

Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be

honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker

will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book.

Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. Families of those who take

part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.

Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of

the

closing

ceremony

and

the

Curiosity

Challenge

celebration.

The

program

guidelines

and

other

related

information

are

available

at:

.

21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?

A. School students

B. Cambridge locals

C. CSF winners

D. MIT artists

22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?

A. On February 8th

B. On March 10th

C. On April 21st

D. On March 15th

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23. What type of writing is this text?

A. An exhibition guide.

B. An art show review.

C. An announcement.

D. An official report.

B

Passenger

pigeons

（旅鸽）

once

flew

over

much

of

the

United

States

in

unbelievable numbers.

Written accounts from

the 18th

and 19th

centuries described

flocks

（群）

so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

It

was

calculated

that

when

its

population

reach

its

highest

point,

there

were

more than 3 billion passenger pigeons

–

a number equal

to

24 to

40 percent

of the

total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds

in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a

flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen

near Cincinnati.

Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where

the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed

them

by

the

thousands.

Commercial

hunters

attracted

them

to

small

clearings

with

grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking

hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

By

the

closing

decades

of

the

19th

century,

the

hardwood

forests

where

passenger

pigeons

nested

had

been

damaged

by

Ameri

cans’

need

for

wood,

which

scattered

（驱散）

the

flocks

and

forced

the

birds

to

go

farther

north,

where

cold

temperatures

and

spring

storms

contributed

to

their

decline.

Soon

the

great

flocks

were gone, never to be seen again.

In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger

pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last

confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in

1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known

affectionately

as

Martha,

died

at

the

Cincinnati

Zoological

Garden

in

September

1,

1914.

第

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24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons

.

A. were the biggest bird in the world

B. lived mainly in the south of America

C. did great harm to the natural environment

D. were the largest bird population in the US

25. The underlined word

“undoing”

probably refers to the pigeons’

.

A. escape

B. ruin

C. liberation

D. evolution

26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?

A. To seek pleasure

B. To save other birds

C. To make money

D. To protect crops

27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?

A. It was ignored by the public

B. It was declared too late

C. It was unfair

D. It was strict

C

A typical lion tamer

（驯兽师）

in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip

（鞭）

and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention,

but it’s mostly for show

. In reality,

it’s the chair that does the important work

. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of

the lion’s face

, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.

With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.

When

faced

with

so

many

options,

the

lion

chooses

to

freeze

and

wait

instead

of

attacking the man holding the chair.

How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do

you

have

something

you

want

to

achieve

（

e.g.

lose

weight,

start

a

business,

travel

more

）

--- only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make

progress?

This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about

which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by

all of the conflicting information.

The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or

that we’re focused on the wrong things

, and so we take less action, make less progress,

第

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and stay the same when we could be improving.

It doesn’t have to be that way

. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your

face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get

started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you

have somewhere

you

want

to

go,

something

you want

to

accomplish,

someone

you

want to become …

take immediate action.

If you’re clear about where you want to go

,

the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.

28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?

A. To show off his skills.

B. To trick the lion.

C. To get ready for a fight.

D. To entertain the audience.

29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?

A. They feel puzzled over choices.

B. They hold on to the wrong things.

C. They find it hard to make changed.

D. They have to do something for show.

30.

What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3

?

A. Tolerant

B. Doubtful

C. Respectful

D. Supportive

31. When the world is

“waving a chair in your face”

,

you’re advised to

.

A. wait for a better chance

B. break your old habits

C. make a quick decision

D. ask for clear guidance

D

As

more

and

more

people

speak

the

global

languages

of

English,

Chinese,

Spanish,

and

Arabic,

other

languages

are

rapidly

disappearing.

In

fact,

half

of

the

6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next

century,

according

to

the

United

Nations

Educational,

Scientific,

and

Cultural

Organization (UNESCO).

In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations---

UNESCO

and

National

Geographic

among

them---have

for

many

years

been

documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes

in

the languages

and oral

traditions

of the Himalayas, is

following in that tradition.

第

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His

recently

published

book,

A

Grammar

of

Thangmi

with

an

Ethnolinguistic

Introduction to

the Speakers

and Their

Culture

,

grows out

of his

experience living,

looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin,

who

seeks

to

include

other

languages

and

oral

traditions

across

the

Himalayans

reaches

of

India,

Nepal,

Bhutan,

and

China.

But

he

is

not

content

to

simply

record

these voices before they disappear without record.

At

the

University

of

Cambridge

Turin

discovered

a

wealth

of

important

materials--- including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes---which had

remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

Now, through the two organizations that he has founded---the Digital Himalaya

Project and the World Oral Literature Project---Turin has started a campaign to make

such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to

scholars but to the youngers.

Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.

Thanks

to

digital

technology

and

the

widely

available

Internet.

Turin

notes,

the

endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

32. Many scholars are making efforts to

.

A. promote global language

B. rescue disappearing languages

C. search for language communities

D. set up language research organizations

33. What does

“that tradition”

in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Having full records of the languages.

B. Writing books on language teaching.

C. Telling stories about language users.

D. Living with the native speakers.

34.

What is Turin’s book based on

?

A. The cultural studies in India.

B. The documents available at Yale.

C. His language research in Bhutan.

D. His personal experience in Nepal.

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