2014全国卷英语真题与答案

2014

年普通高 等学校招生全国统一考试

(

新课标

I)

英

语

第

I

卷

第一部分

听力（共两节，满分

30

分）

例：

How much is the shirt?

A.

?

19.15 B.

?

9.18 C.

?

9.15

答案是

C

。

第二部分

阅读理解（共两节，满分< /p>

60

分）

第一节

（共

15

小题；每小题

3

分，满分

45

分）

< /p>

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（

A

、

B

、

C

、 和

D

）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

A

The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge

Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!

The

Cambridge

Science

Festival

(CSF)

is

pleased

to

inform

you

of

the

sixth

annual

Curiosity

Challenge.

The

challenge

invites,

even

dares

school

students

between

the

ages

of 5

and

14

to

create artwork or a

piece

of writing that

shows

their

curiosity

and

how

it inspires them to explore their world.

Students

are

being

dared

to

draw

a

picture,

write

an

article,

take

a

photo

or

write

a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or

pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265

Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.

Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be

honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21

st

. Guest speaker will

also

present

prizes

to

the

students.

Winning

entries

will

be

published

in

a

book.

Student

entries

will

be

exhibit

and

prizes

will

be

given.

Families

of

those

who

take

part

will

be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.

Between March 10

th

and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the

closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and

other related information are available at: .

【

21

】

Who can take in the Curiosity Challenge?

A. School students. B. Cambridge locals. C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists.

【

22

】

When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?

A. On February 8th. B. On March 10

th

C. On March 15th. D. On April 21st.

【

23

】

What type of writing is this text?

A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review.

C. An announcement. D. An official report.

B

Passenger

pigeons

（旅鸽）

once

flew

over

much

of

the

United

States

in

unbelievable

numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks

（群）

so

large that they darkened the sky for hours.

It

was

calculated

that

when

its

population

reach

its

highest

point,

there

were

more

than 3 billion passenger pigeons

–

a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total

bird

population

in

the

United

States,

making

it

perhaps

the

most

abundant

birds

in

the

world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock

believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near

Cincinnati.

Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the

birds

were

abundant, people believed

there

was an

ever-lasting supply and killed them

by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,

waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking

hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

By the closing decades of the 19

th

century, the hardwood forests where passenger

pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which sc

attered

（驱散）

the

flocks

and

forced

the

birds

to

go

farther

north,

where

cold

temperatures

and

spring

storms

contributed

to

their

decline.

Soon

the

great

flocks

were

gone,

never

to

be

seen

again.

In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger

pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The

last

confirmed

wild

pigeon

in

the

United

States

was

shot

by

a

boy

in

Pike

County,

Ohio,

in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known

affectionately

as

Martha,

died

at

the

Cincinnati

Zoological

Garden

in

September

1,

1914.

th

th

【

24

】

In the 18

and early 19

centuries, passenger pigeons _______.

A.

were

the

biggest

bird

in

the

world B.

lived

mainly

in

the

south

of

America

C. did great harm to the natural environment D. Were the largest population in

the US

【

25

】

Th

e underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ _______.

A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution

【

26

】

What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?

A. To seek pleasure. B. To save other birds.

C. To make money. D. To protect crops.

【

27

】

What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?

A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late.

C. It was unfair. D. It was strict.

C

A typical lion tamer (

驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip

(

鞭子)and a chair .The whip get all of the attention , but it’s mostly for show .In

reality

,

it’s

the

chair

that

does

the

important

work

.When

a

lion

tamer

holds

a

chair

in front of the lion’s face , t

he lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair

at

the

same

time

.With

its

focus

divided

,

the

lion

becomes

confused

and

is

unsure

about

what

to

do

next

.When faced

with

so many options , the

lion chooses

to freeze and

wait

instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion ? How often do you

have

something

you

want

to

achiever

(e,g.

lose

weight

,

start

a

business

,

travel

more

)

–

only

to

end

up

confused

by

all

of

the

options

in

front

of

you

and

never

make

progress

?

This

upsets

me

to

no

end

because

while

all

the

experts

are

busy

debating

about

which

option is best , the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all

of the conflicting information .The end result is that we f

eel like we can’t focus

or that we’re focused on the wrong things , and so we take less action , make less

progress , and stay the same when we could be improving .

It doesn’t have to be that way .Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your

face , remember this :All you need to do is focus on one thing .You just need to get

started .Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people .If

you

have

somewhere

you

want

to

go

,

something

you

want

to

accomplish

,

someone

you

want

to be

come ….take immediate action .If you’re clear about where you want to go , the

rest of the world will either help you get there or get out the way .

【

28

】

Why does the lion tamer use a chair?

A. To trick the lion. B. To show off his skill . C. To get ready for a fight. D. To

entertain the audience.

【

29

】

In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?

A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things.

C. They find it hard to make changes. D. They have to do something for show.

【

30

】

What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in paragraph 3?

A. Tolerant B. Doubtful C. Respectful D. Supportive

【

31

】

When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to_____.

for a better chance your old habits

C. make a quick decision D. ask for clear guidance

D

As

more

and

more

people

speak

the

global

languages

of

English,

Chinese,

Spanish,

and

Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000

languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,

according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

(UNESCO).

In

an

effort

to

prevent

language

loss,

scholars

from

a

number

of

organizations-

UNESCO

and

National

Geographic

among

them

–

have

for

many

years

been

documenting

dying

languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes

in

the

languages

and

oral

traditions

of

the

Himalayas,

is

following

in

that

tradition.

His

recently

published

book,

A

Grammar

of

Thangmi

with

an

Ethnolinguistic

Introduction

to the Speakers and Their Culture

, grows out of his experience living, looking and

raising a family in a village in Nepal.

Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is

just a starting point for Turin,

who

seeks

to

include

other

languages and

oral

traditions

across the

Himalayans

reaches of

India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices

before they disappear without record.

At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-

including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes- which had remained

unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

Now,

through

the

two

organizations

that

he

has

founded- the

Digital

Himalaya

Project

and the World Oral Literature Project- Turin has started a campaign to make such

documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to

scholars but to the youngers.

Generations

of

communities

from

whom

the

materials

were

originally

to digital technology and the widely available Internet. Turin notes,the endangered

languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

【

32

】

Many scholars are making efforts to _____.

e global languages B . rescue the disappearing languages

for language communities up languages research organizations.

【

33

】What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

first records of the languages g books on language searching

g stories about language users g with the native speakers

【

34

】What is Turin’s book based on?

cultural statics in India. documents available at Yale.

language research in Britain personal experience in Nepal.

【

35

】Which of the following best describe Turin’s Work?

sell and donate. ,repeat and reward.

t,protect and reconnect. , experiment and report.

第二节

（共

3

小题，每小题

< br>3

分，满分

15

分）