阅读-写作修辞总结(包含中英对照及重点注释)

understatement

，

I could add he were capable

其实是在说

“

但他不

够能干< /p>

”

。

face wasn’t a bad one; it had what they called charm.

面孔不算难看，有一般人所称的妩媚。

此句不是冲淡她的魅力，而是采用低调渲染，意即

The face was sweet; her charm conquered

everybody.

明似贬抑，实则褒扬

.

simile:

明喻

定义：

A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared.

明喻是一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较

.

例子：

is something of a political chameleon.

他有点象政治上的变色龙

looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.

他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走 过去。

metaphor

：隐喻

定义：

A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to

designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.

用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物

例子：

has a heart of stone.

他有一颗铁石心肠

diamond department was the heart and center of the store.

钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。

Synecdoche

：提喻

定义：又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指 部分，或以抽象代具体，或以

具体代抽象。例如：

1

、

The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of

men.

长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。

句中的

“the flesh and blood”

喻为

“the great sacrifice”

（巨大的牺牲）

2

、

“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”

??

他说这是世界上最美的语言。

这里用具体的

“tongue”

代替抽 象的

“language”

。

4

、

Many eyes turned to a tall,20

—

year black girl on the U.S. team.

很多人将眼光投向美 国队一个高高的

20

岁的黑姑娘。

这里的

“many eyes”

代替了

“many persons”

。

sarcasm:

讽刺

定义：

It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage ,ridicule and wound the

feelings of the subject attacked

例子：

are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies ,but let wasps break through

法律就像是蜘蛛网，只能抓住小飞虫，轻易让大黄蜂一冲即破。

every successful man, there is a woman. And behind every

，

unsuccessful man , there

are two.

每个成功男人的背后< /p>

,

都有一个女人

.

每个不成功男人的背后

,

都有两个

.

rhetorical question:

反问句

定义：

a

statement

that

is

formulated

as

a

question

but

that

is

not

supposed

to

be

answered

a

question to which no answer is required: used it for dramatic or emphasis effect

设立一个不需要回答的问题，以起到戏剧或者强调的效果

例子：

you help me when I needed help?

在我需要的时候，你帮助过我吗？

you once offer to intercede in my behalf?

你曾经理解支持过我吗？

Pun:

双关语

定义：

The

use

of

a

word

in

such

a

way

as

to

suggest

two

or

more

meanings

or

different

associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different

meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect.

用一个词去暗示两种或两种以上的意义或引起不同 的联想，

或者用两个或两个以上发音相同

或相近而意义不同的词 ，以产生一种幽默效果。

)

例子：

:

Your hair needs cutting badly.

Daughter: I think it needs cutting nicely, it was cut badly last time .

（

badly: a.

非常；

b.

坏）

: Tell me why you parked there.

Driver: Because, Your Honor, it said “Fine for Parking”

（

fine:

a.

好的；

b.

罚款）

oxymoron

：矛盾的修辞

定义：

A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined

在修辞中使用不协调或前后矛盾的方法

例子：

coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.

教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷

read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile.

她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信

hyperbole

：夸张

定义：

A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect

通过夸张的描述达到某种修辞效果，

例子：

heart almost stopped beating when I heard my girl friend’s voice on the phone.

从电话里听到我女朋友的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。

gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary

for any practical purpose.

她给我的印象是：她有一口洁白整齐的大牙，为数之多已超过任何实际需要

< br>

Synesthesia

：通感

定义：是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理 感受。

例子：

Some

books

are

to

be

tasted,

others

to

be

swallowed

and

some

few

to

be

chewed

and

digested.

有些 书是应当尝尝滋味的，有些书是应吞下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。

理解：书是“尝”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的精

读和泛读，

阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受，

用 味觉功能和消化功能来表示，

心理感受是如此逼

真和奇特。

rhetorical repetition

：重复

定义：

在特定的语境中，

将相同的结构，< /p>

相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，

以增强语气和力量。

例子：

1

、

believe in man and his glorious man

—

made destiny.

它必须用我们这些对于未来，

对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的 鲜血和

汗水去创造。

2

、

Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly

—

cured patients, less

pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.

因为优良的医疗技术和 外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，

更少疾病，和更少残 废。

Metonymy

：借代

定义：

指两种不同事物并不相似，< /p>

但又密不可分，

因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。