-
介词
1
表示手段和材料的介词：
with, in, by
with
①表示“使用某一工具或方法”。
The teacher wrote a phrase on the
blackboard with a piece of chalk.
老师用一根粉笔在黑板上写了一个短语。
He cut off a big piece of meat with a
knife and handed it to her.
他用刀子切下一大块肉来递给她。
②表示“带有，具有”。
She
is a beautiful girl with black hair and large
bright eyes.
她是一个有着一头黑发和一双大眼睛的漂亮姑娘。
Mr. Li came into the room with a
parcel.
李先生拿着一个包进了屋。
③表示“与??在一起”。
The
boy played with the children happily.
这个男孩那天与其他孩子们玩得很高兴。
I'd like to go shopping together with
you.
我想跟你一块儿去买东西。
④表示“由于，因为??”。
She
jumped with joy when hearing the news.
当她听到这个消息时，高兴得跳了起来。
Her mother was down with fever
yesterday.
她妈妈昨天烧得起不来了。
⑤可与副词连用构成祈使句。
On
with your shoes!
把鞋穿上。
Out with your hands on your head!
手抱头走出来
!
In
表示用某一种材料
(
墨水，
铅笔等
)
；
或使用某一种语言，
或穿某种衣服，
用某种声调等。
(
注
意不用
with)
Don't write in pencil, please.
请不要用铅笔写。
How do
you say it in French?
这个用法语怎么说
?
She
seems much more beautiful in yellow.
她穿黄色的衣服显得漂亮多了。
Susan told the news to her mother in a
low voice.
苏姗悄悄地把那个消息告诉了她的母亲。
in
还可以表示方向和在某一方面。
The sun rises in the east and sets in
the west.
太阳从东方升起，而在西方落下去。
She does very well in her English
study.
她的英语学得非常好。
必背：记住下列固定短语：
in
fact
事实上
in a
hurry
急忙
in a
minute
马上
in
fashion
流行
in a
word
总而言之
in all
总和
in doubt
怀疑
in due time
在适当时间
by
通过??方法，手段。
Do you
go to school by bus or by like?
你平时上学是骑车还是坐车
?
What do you mean by saying that?
你说那话是什么意思
?
By
的其他一些用法：
①表示“经过??旁边”。
Do
you go by that super-market?
你路过那个超市吗
?
I don't
drive by the Great Hall of the People.
我开车不经过人民大会堂旁边。
②表示“由于”。
Perhaps
she took it by mistake.
大概她把它拿错了。
He
succeeded in the experiment by the hard-working.
由于艰苦的工作，他取得了这次试验的成功。
③表示“相差，差额”。
Last
time I missed the train by only five minutes.
上次我只差五分钟没赶上火车。
The products in this factory increased
by 30% last month.
上个月，这个厂的产品增加了百分之三十。
④表示“逐一地??”。
The
new students will have the military training group
by group.
新生将分批去接受军训。
The students are examined one by one.
学生们一个一个地接受检查。
必背：牢记下列词组：
by and
by
逐渐地
by heart
背诵，熟记
by accident
偶然
by chance
偶然
by all means
无论如何
by no means
绝不
by land
走陆路
by sea
走海路，乘船
by birth
生来就
……
by mail(post)
邮寄
by the way
顺便说
by name of
名称为
……
比较：
by
和
in
表示搭乘交通工具时的区别
by
后面的名词不加冠词，如：
by
bus, by train; in
后面要用冠词或代词，如：
in the bus, in
my
car
。
in
和
with
表示工具或方法的使用的区别
in
的后面多接物质名词，不加冠词，如：
in
ink
用墨水；
in
pencil
用铅笔；
with
的后面的
名词要加冠词或代词，如：
wit
h my eyes
用我的眼睛，
with a knife
用一把刀子。
2 of, from
of
：
“(
属
于
)……
的
”
；表示
“……
的种类或数量
”
。
There is a map of
the world on the wall.
墙上有一张世界地图。
Bring
me a cup of coffee, please.
请给我一杯咖啡好吗
?
注意：
of
的其它用法：
< br>①
“
由
……(
< br>材料
)
制成
”
< br>。
These toys are all made
of plastics.
这些玩具都是塑料制的。
Is this suitcase made of real leather?
这个衣箱是真皮的吗
?
②
表示
“
涉及
……”
，
“
提及
……”
。
I have never
heard of such a kind of things.
这种事情我从来没听说过。
I'm
always thinking of you.
我时时刻刻都在想念你。
from<
/p>
：来自
(
某地，某人
)
She is from Shanghai.
她是上海人。
Do you
receive a letter from her?
你收到她的信了吗
?
比较：
be made of
和
be made from
的区别
如果所制成的东西还能辨别其
原材料，
用
be made of<
/p>
；
如果已经不能辨别，
用
be made from
。
The bag is made
of cloth.
这个袋子是布的。
This cake is made from sugar, flour,
eggs and some other things.
这蛋糕是由面粉，糖，鸡蛋和其他一些东西做成的。
3 without, like, as
without<
/p>
：没有，是
with
的反义词。
They can't live without air and
water.
没有空气和水，他们不能生存。
Do the test papers without refering to
the text.
做这些试卷，不准看书。
She likes to eat the mooncake with nut
in it.
她喜欢吃那种带坚果果仁的月饼。
like
：像
……
一样。
She looks like her father.
她长得像她的父亲。
He did
the job just like a skilled worker.
他做起这件工作竟然像一个熟练工。
as
：作为，当作。
She was engaged in that firm as a
typist two years ago.
她两年前在那个公司当打字员。
Lu
Xun was famous as a writer and a thinker.
鲁迅作为一名作家和思想家而闻名于世。
Most people in the village regarded the
man as a fool.
那村子里的大多数人都把那人当成傻子。
必背：牢记下列
as
词组：
as...as
像
……
一样，
as...
aspossible
尽可能
as
usual
与往常一样，
as long as
只要
as if
好像，
as well
也，还
as a matter
of fact
事实上，
as a result of <
/p>
由于
……
的结果
4 against, about
against
：①
反对
②
靠着
Who is against the proposal?
谁反对这项提议
?
They
leaned a ladder against the balcony and one of
them climbed
up to take the
child down.
他们把梯子靠在阳台上，其中一人爬上去把那孩子抱了下来。
Mr. Wang is sitting against the wall.
王先生正靠墙坐着。
about
：关于；各处，四周
；随身，身旁。
What are
they quarreling about?
他们在争论什么
?
She
dropped the key to her bike somewhere about here.
她把车钥匙丢在这附近了。
He
didn't take much money about(=with) him.
他随身没带多少钱。
④
表示
“
询问
”
或
“
建议
”
。
What about your
parents?
你父母情况怎样
?
How about playing volleyball?
打一会儿排球怎么样
?
提示：
“what
about...?”
与
“How
about...?”
的用法没有什么区别。
五、介词短语
介词与动词、
形容词或名词结合而构成的动词短语和介词短语，
含有特定的意思，
并常常具
有新的含义，这需要特别加以记忆。
1
动词
+
介词
ask for
：要；寻求
The boy asked his father for a
computer.
这孩子向他的父亲要求买一台电脑。
The baggar always asked her for a meal
and a glass
of beer.
这个乞丐总是向她要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。
talk about
：谈论某事
They are talking about the traffic
accident.
他们正在谈论那件交通事故。
We are talking about what you have
done.
我们正在说你所做的事。
arrive at (in)
：到达
She will arrive at the airport at
5
∶
00.
她将于五点钟到达机场。
She
has already arrived in New York.
她已经到达纽约。
注意：①
arrive at
用于到达较小的地方，而
arrive in
用于到达较大的地方。
②
在口语中经常使用
get
to
来代替
arrive
at(in)
。
She
didn't get to her office until ten o'clock
yesterday morning.
昨天早晨她十点钟才到达办公室。
When did you get home yesterday?
昨天你什么时候到家的
?
call
on (sb.)
：拜访，看望
They called on his old parents last
week.
上个星期，他们去看望了他那年迈的父母。
Who are you going to call on during
your stay in Beijing?
在北京逗留期间你都打算去拜访谁
?
look for
：寻找
They all went out to look for the lost
child, but failed to find it.
他们都出去找那丢失的孩子，但没有找到。
What are you looking for?
你们在找什么
?
wait
for
：等待
I will
wait for her until two o'clock.
我等她到二点钟。
How long
have you waited here for me?
你在这里等我多长时间了
?
stay
with
：和某人呆在一起
She
enjoyed staying with him at that time.
那时她非常愿意和他呆在一起。
I'll stay with my friends tomorrow.
明天我要与我的朋友们住在一起。
depend on
：依靠；信赖
All living things depend on the sun for
their growth.
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