-
,.
虚拟语气
语气（
mood
）也是动词的一种形式变化。这和中文中的语气是不一样的。它表示说话
者对所指的
动词或状态所持的态度，而且，在谓语动词上有所体现，而中文没有体现。语气
可分为三
种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气（
the Subjunctive Mood
）表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，
而是一种愿望、建
议或与事实相反的假设等。
一、虚拟条件句
1
< br>．主句和从句都与现在事实相反时，从句用一般过去时，
be
的形式要用
were
，主句用
wo
uld/could/
should/might+
不定式一般式。
If I were you, I should not go with
him.
2
．主句和从句都与过去
事实相反时，从句用过去完成时，主句用
would/should/could/mi
ght+
不定式完成式。
If I
had tried hard last term, I would have succeeded.
3
．
当主句
和从句都与将来事实相反，
或指不大可能发生的事的时候，
从句
和与现在事实
相反的从句时态相同，或用
should/wer
e to+
不定式一般式，主句和与现在事实相反的主句
相同。
If it rained/were to
rain/should rain tomorrow, the match would be put
off.
,.
4
．
在使用虚拟条件句时，
由于语言环境的千差万别，<
/p>
各种时间关系混合使用是很常见的。
如果逻辑上讲得通，主句和从
句的动词时态可进行各种各样的搭配。
If it
hadn't rained those days,
（从句与过去事实相反）
1
work would be finished next week.
（主句与将来事实相反）
wouldn't be any water in the river now.
（主句与现在事实相反）
一、语气及其种类
1
．语气（
mood
）
语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2
．语气的种类
语气可分为下列三种：
1
）陈述语气（
indicative
mood
）表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。
There are two sides to every
question
．每个问题都有两个方面。
2
）祈使语气（
imperative
mood
）表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。
Don't be late for
class
．上课不要迟到。
3
）虚拟语气（
subjunctive
mood
）是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，如：
I
ere
，
He
be
，
She return
等，用来
表示一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能、空想等。
,.
二、
Wish
< br>和
As if
之后的虚拟语气
对
wish
和
as if
掌握关键是对它们后面的时态的理解和使用，
这完全
不同于虚拟条件句。
wish
是指未能实现或不能实现的愿望。
如果所希望的事是指过去，就用过去完成时，而不管
wish
本
身是那种时态，即从句的动作或状态先于
wish
：
I wish had been to
Beijing
．（现在希望过去）
I wished I had been to Beijing.
（过去希望过去的过去）
如果所希望
的事是指将来，
就用过去将来时或情态动词的过去时，
不论
wish
本身是什么
时态，即从句的动作和
状态同时落后于
wish
：
I wish I would be an astronaut.
（现在希望将来）
I wished
I would be an astronaut.
（过去希望过去的将来）
如果所希望
的事是当时的事，就用一般过去时，即从句的动作或状态与
wish
同时：
二、虚拟语气的应用
1
．虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
1
）条件句的从句和主句的谓语动词形式表及几点说明
①条件句的从句和主句的谓语动词形式表
,.
If I were
you
，
I should do
it
．如果我是你的话，我就要做这件事。（与现在事实相反）
If he had come a few minutes
earlier
，
he would havemet me<
/p>
．如果他早来几分钟，
他就见到我了。（与过去事实相反）
If you were to come
tomorrow
，
I should ask you to
help me with my work
．如果
你明天来，
我就请你帮助我做这件工作。（与将来事实相反）
●虚拟语气
谓语动词的形式一般不受主语的人称和数的影响。但主语的人称对主句中
should<
/p>
和
would
的使用还是有一定的影响。
英国英语的第一人称常用
should
，
其他人称用
would
，而美国英语
即使第一人称也常用
would
。情态动词
could
，
might
等除了可
以用于
主句外，有时也可以用于从句。
②特殊结构的条件句：
“
If it
were not for
…”
或
“<
/p>
If ithad not been for
…”
，
“
If it were
not for
…”或“
If
ithad not been for
…”相当于
but f
or
或
without
。
If it weren't for your
help
，
he could never go to co
llege
．要不是你的帮助，他绝不
可能上大学。
,.
③虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式表的灵活应
用虚拟条件句的谓语动词表可有一定的灵活
性。
A
．用进行时替换相应的一般时，如用过去进行时代替一般过去时，表示与现
在事实相
反。
B
．
用完成进行时替换相应的完成时，
如用过去完成进行时替
换过去完成时，
仍表示与过
去事实相反。
If it had been raining
yesterday
，
I would not
havecome here
．如果昨天还在下雨
的话，我就不
会到这里来。
④
混合型的条件句
按照条件句的谓语动
词形式表，其主句和从句的谓语动词是相互呼应的，有着固定的搭
配关系。但有时主句和
从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的
混合型条件句是从句
用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。
He would pass the test if he had taken
my advice
．如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会
通过考试
。
2
）虚拟条件句的省略情况
①
省略
if
的虚拟条件句：
如果虚拟条件句的谓
语部分有
were
，
had
和
should
时，可省略
if
，把
were
，
had
和
should
放到从
句主语前面去。
,.
Had
you not helped me
，
I should
have failed.
要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
●如果没有
were
，
had
和
should
则不能
省略
if
，当然也不能倒装。
②
条件从句的省略
He could
not fly
（
if he
tried
）．（即使他试的话）他无论如何不能飞。
③
条件主句的省略
If only I
had more money
！要是我有更多的钱就好了！
④
suppose
或
supposing =what
if
Supposing it were
so
？（
=Supposing it were
so
，
what would happen
< br>？）要是这
样的话，会怎么样呢？
●
suppose
后也可用陈述语气。
3
）表示虚拟条件句的其他形式
①
用介词
w
ithout
（或
with
no
），
but
for
等表示“如果没有”。
But
for air and water
，
nothing
could live
．要是没有空气和水，也就不能有生命。
②
用动词不定式、
< br>比较级、
连词
but
等手段来表
示虚拟条件，
还可以根据内容的需要来
应用虚拟语气。
,.
She would have
come here
，
but she was too
busywith her homework
．她本来早
就要
到这里来，但是她当时太忙于写作业了。
2
．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
<
/p>
1
）宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，可用“<
/p>
should do
”或“
do
型”
（
be
原形动词）
虚拟语气。这类动词有：
suggest
，
request
，
demand
，
urge
，
propose
，
prefer
，
adv
ise
，
insist
，
require
，
order
，
command
，
maintai
n
，
ask
，
object
等。
The
doctor suggested that he not go
there
．医生建议他不要去那里。
●①学习这种句型时，
要注意宾语从句的虚拟语气是固定形式，
并不随主句谓语动词时态
的变化而变化。
②“
do
型
”与“
should do
型”有时可以互换使用，但前者比后
者用得更普遍特别在美
国英语中。
2
）宾语从句用在动词
wish
之后（同
时参见强化训练一、正错辨析
2
）
①
过去式用来表示现在的愿望；“<
/p>
could
（
would
，
might
）
+
动词原形”用来表示将
来的愿望，虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能
。
I wish it were
true
．我但愿这是真的。
,.
②“
had +
过去分词”或“
could
（
would
，
might
）
+have+
过去分词”都是用来表示
无能为力的过去愿望。
I wish you had called
yesterday
．
我希望你昨天来过电话。
●注意
wish
与
hope
的区别。
wish
后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，
而
hope
后的宾语从句
要
用陈述语气。但如果不定式做宾语时，则意思上无区别。
I
hope to see you
．（
I wish to
see you
．）我希望看见你。
3
）
宾语从句在动词
would
，
would
／
ha
d rather
，
would
／
had sooner
，
would
／
had
as soon
< br>等后面，
表示与事实相反的虚拟语气要用
“
did
”
型，
表示现在和将
来的含义，
用
“
had
done
型”表示过去的含义。
3
．虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
1
）“
It +is +
形容词
+that
引导的主语从句”句型，与用动词
原形或“
should
+
动词原
形”虚拟语气。
用于本句型的形容词有：
necessary
，<
/p>
important
，
essentia
l
，
reserved
，
urgent
，
impossible
等；
还有与表示提议、
要求、
命令等动词有关的形容词，
如
desirable
（←
desire
）
，
urgent
（←
urge
），
advisable
（←
advise
），
preferable
< br>（←
prefer
）等。
It is necessary that he listen to the
radio frequently
．
他很有必要常听收音机。
,.
2
）用于“
it + is +
过去分词
+that
引导的主语从句”句型，
可用“（
should
）
+
动词原
形”虚拟语气。
用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、
要求、
命令等动词的过
去分词，
如
suggested
，
required
，
requested<
/p>
，
demanded
，
< br>urged
，
proposed
，
ordered
，
desired<
/p>
，
advised
等。
< br>
It has been suggested that the meet
ing
（
should
）
beput off
．有人建议推迟会议。
4
．虚拟语气在“
It
is
…”句型中的应用
在“
It +is +
（
high
或
about<
/p>
）
time +
（
that
）主语从句”句型中，可用“
did
型”虚
拟语气，表示“做某事的时间早完了或早该做了”。
It's time you went to
bed.
你该睡觉了。
5
．虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用
在
proposal
，
suggesti
on
，
order
，
< br>requirement
，
desire
，
decision
，
adv
ice
，
plan
，
< br>necessity
等表示提议、要求、命令等名词的后面的表语从句和同位语从
句中，可用“动词原
形’域“
should +
动词原形”虚拟语气。
His
suggestion is that the meeting be put
off
．他的建议是推迟开会。
6
．虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的应用
1
）以
be
开
头的让步状语从句
,.
Be
the problem easy or
difficult
，
this method
works
．
不管问题容易还是难，这种方法都起作用。
2
）
though
可用来引出一个虚拟让步句
Though he studies
hard
，
he cannot pass the test
．即使他学习用功，他考试还是不
及格。
●
though
后面的句子也可用
陈述句，这时可与
although
有虚拟语气时，不可改用<
/p>
although
。
< br>7
．虚拟语气在
lest
引导的
从句中的应用
1
）
< br>lest
（免得，惟恐）引导目的状语从句，用“（
sh
ould +
）
do
型”。
He studies
very hard
，
lest he fail in
the examination
．
他学习很刻苦，惟恐考试不及格。
2
）
lest
（
=that
）引导宾语从句，用“（
should +
）
do
型”。
I feared lest the students be
late
．我害怕学生们会迟到。
8
．英语中有些惯用语包含着虚拟语气
1
）
as it were
好像是，可以说是
2
）
Long
live
…！万岁……
,.
3
）
God bless
you
！一路平安（送别时用语）。
三、带有“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等含义的虚拟语气
<
/p>
这种虚拟语气往往不需要对时间概念的理解，大都是固定的句型。它们的谓语形式都是
should+
一般式不定式。
1
．在表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”的动作后使用这种虚拟语气，
常见的动词有，
suggest
，
pr
opose
，
order
，
demand
，
decide
等。
ask
作“要求”
解时用于此
种虚拟语气，
但做“询问”解时则不用。
insist
做“要求别人作某事时使用此种虚拟语气，但做“坚持自
己的主张”则不
用。
should
可以省略。
They decided that we
（
should
）
leave at once.
（这句话有“要求”的意思）
2
．用于下面句型中
It+be+
上述动词的过去分词
+that
从句
It is suggested
that each student
（
should
）
sing a song.
3
．上述动词的名词形式做主语
+be+that<
/p>
从句
My decision is
that the child sleep in that room.
4
．上述动词的名词形式后接同位语从句时
I told them my decision that the child
sleep in that room.
,.
5
．在下面的句型中，虽然没有“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等含义的
词汇，但当它们
在语气上却有这种含义时也用此种虚拟语气
<
/p>
It+be+
形容词
+that
从句
It's important
that we
（
should
）
work out a plan.
（带有“要求”的含义）
It's
better that he go at once.
（带有“建议”的意思）
这样的形容词并不多，常用的还有：
best, right,
necessary
等。
四、带有惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩的虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气也属于
should
型虚拟语气。<
/p>
常用于这种句型中：
it+be+
形容词
/
名词
+that
从句。
It's right that you
should think that way.
（赞赏）
It's a pity that you should leave so
soon.
（惋惜）
如果从句的动
作是一个已完成的动作则要用
should+
不定式的完成式<
/p>
It's surprising that Alice
should have married her.
（惊讶）
值得注意的是，如果说话人
并不表达他的这些感情，而只是对某种事实的陈述，其谓语
动词则不用
< br>should
型虚拟语气。
It's surprising that Al married her.
（说话人并没有惊讶的意思，只是把这件事告诉别
人）
,.
许多人认为这种句型后一定要接
should
型虚拟语气，其实这是种误解。
1
．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用
如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真<
/p>
实条件句，即虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句的谓语动词的形式是不同于真实条件句的谓语动词形
式的。虚拟条件句有三种情况。
1<
/p>
）与现在事实相反的假设的动词形式（从句和主句的）
【例】
If it were not raining, we should go
for a picnic.
如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去
野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）
If he came here, he might be able to
help you.
如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
<
/p>
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
2
）与过去事实相反的假设的动词形式（从句和主句的）
,.
【例】
She would
have gone to the party if she had been invited. <
/p>
要是当初她被邀请的
话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）<
/p>
If she hadn't called me, I
would have overslept this morning.
今天早
上，她要是不
叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激她。）
3
）与将来事实相反的假设的动词形式（从句和主句的）
If I were to be
twenty years old next year, I would take the
course of computer
science.
明年我要是二十岁，我就会学计算机课程。
< br>（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了计算机课程了。表示羡慕青年。）
If it should fail, I would try again.
要是失败了，我会再试一次。
（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）
2
．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
,.
虚拟语气在宾语从句中表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等。
不过，宾语从句的虚拟语气可
以分为两种情况。
1
）在动词
order,
demand, insist, command, advise, suggest, request,
decide,
ask
等后的宾语从句中谓语动词用
should +
动词原形或省略
should
。
【例】
Joan's
uncle insisted that she not stay in the hotel.
琼的叔叔坚持不让她住宾馆。
注意：
insist
在表示“坚持自己的看法”时，不必使用虚拟语气
。
【例】
He insisted that he did right.
他坚持自己做得对。
2
）在动词
wish
后的宾语从句中的谓语动词与条件
从句中的谓语动词形式一样。它很独
特，其后宾语从句的谓语动词特点是：现在使用过去
式；过去使用过去的过去；将来使用过
去将来。不管主句谓语动词形式如何。
【例】
I do
wish that I could help you.
我真希望我能帮助你。
（事实是：我不能帮助你。事
与愿违）
I wish I had known the answer to the
question.
我真希望我当初知道这个问题的答
案。
（事实是：不知，表示后悔。）
,.
3
．虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用
虚拟语气在主语从句中也可以分为两种情况讨论。
1
）主语从句的某些常见句型中真正主语从句的谓语动词用
should +
动词原形或省略
should
。
【例】
It's strange that he should say so.
他那样说话，令人吃惊。
It's
important that we should learn some useful
expressions by heart.
重要的是
我
们应该把一些有用的短语记在心里。
这样的句型还有：
It's
natural/ important/ strange/ necessary/
surprising/ funny/ possible/
probable/
imperative/ better that
…
很自然／重要的是／奇怪的是／必要的是／令人吃惊的是／有趣的是／很可能／很可能
／迫切的是／最好……
It's
suggested/ demanded/ requested/ required/ desired/
arranged/ planned/
ordered
that
…
有人建议／请求／要求／要求／希望／安排／计划／命令……
It's a pity/ a matter of regret/
wonder/ shame that
…
.
,.
很遗憾／很遗憾／很奇怪／很不好意思……。
2
）主语从句的另一种常见句型的从句谓语动词用动词过去
式或
should +
动词原形。
It's time
that
…
.
（早该……），
It's high time that
…
.
（早
该……）
，
It's about time
that
…
.
（早该……）。
【例】
It is time
the children went to bed.
孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）
It's high time that he began to think
how to deal with money.
他早该开始考虑如
何与钱打交道。
4
．虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用
由
as
if
或
as though
引导的方式
状语从句的谓语动词常常使用虚拟语气动词形式，其
特点是：现在使用过去式；过去使用
过去的过去；将来使用过去将来。不管主句谓语动词形
式如何。
【例】
They look
rather puzzled as if they didn't know anything
about it.
他们看上去莫
名其妙，好像他们对此事
一无所知。
When a pencil is
partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it
were broken.
当
一支铅笔一部分放入一杯水中
，它看上去好像断了一般。
,.
5
．虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用
由
so that/ in order
that/
（为了……），
for fear that
（以免），
lest
（以免）引导的
从句中的谓语动词常常使用情态动词，如
may/might/
can/ could
等。
【例】
I got there
earlier than usual so that I could be the first
one to enter the
church.
我比平时起得早，目的是我能够第一个进入教堂。
He tried his best to study in order
that he might pass the exams.
他尽力学习，以
便考试及格。
6
．虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的使用
名词
suggestion
（建议
）
，
proposal
（
建议）
，
order
（命令
）
，
advice
（建议）
，
demand
（要求）等可以接名词性从句，从
句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气。使用
should +
动词
原
形或省略
should
。
【例】
My
suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers
to help them.
我的建议是
我们应派几个战士
去增援他们。
My advice is that you
(should) treat her well.
我的忠告是你应该善待她。
He
makes the demand that she (should) leave the place
at once.
他提出一个要
求，要求她立刻离开这个地
方。
,.
7
．虚拟语气的特别用法
所谓“虚拟语气的特别用法”就是它在简单句中的应用。
1
）
If only
引导的虚拟语气的句子，相当于
I wish
< br>。译为：……就好了。其后句子的谓
语动词特点是：现在使用过去式；过去使用过
去的过去；将来使用过去将来。
【例】
If only she
were my sister.
她要是我的妹妹多好啊。
2
）某些介词短语作状语，相当于条件状语从句，句中的谓语动
词应用虚拟语气形式。
【例】
Without air, we would not live even for
five minutes.
没有空气，我们连五分钟都
活不了。
3
）在
I would/
should rather
…句型中，在
rather
后接句子，其后句子的谓语动词往
往使用过去式。
【例】
I would
rather you did it right now.
我愿意你马上做。
4
）混合虚拟条件表示
有些条件状语从句和主句的时态关系不像条件状语从句的虚拟语气那么规范。常常把三
个时间混合使用。这也需要大家
注意：
。
,.
（
1
）
过去时与现在时混合使用，
即条件为与过去事实相
反的假设，
而主句为与现在事实
相反的说法。
< br>
【例】
If he had
followed the doctor's advice, he would be all
right now.
要是他当初听
医生的劝告，他现在早
没事了。
（
2
）现在时与过去时混合使用。
【例】
If he could
pass the exam now, he would have passed it last
time.
他要是现在考
试及格，那他上次就及格了。
（
3
）现在时与
将来时混合使用。
【例】
If he were here now, he was to start
off with us tomorrow.
如果他现在在这，明天
他会和我们一道出发。
I wish I
were younger.
（现在希望现在）
I wished I were younger.
（过去希望当时）
,.
as if
所引导的从句可充当状语，也可以充当表语，常用于
look
和
seem
< br>之后。
as if
常
用作与事实
相反的比喻。
对它后面从句时态的理解与
wish
同理：
即注意分析主句和从句发生
的时间先后关系。
He spoke/speaks as if he
were a foreigner.
（同时发生）
He spoke/speaks as if he had done
something wrong.
（“好像以前作错了事”—
—先于主句发生）
一、语气及其种类
1
．语气（
mood
）
语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2
．语气的种类
语气可分为下列三种：
1
）陈述语气（
indicative
mood
）表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。
There are two sides to every
question
．每个问题都有两个方面。
2
）祈使语气（
imperative
mood
）表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。
Don't be late for
class
．上课不要迟到。
3
）虚拟语气（
subjunctive
mood
）是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，如：
I
ere
，
He
be
，
She return
等，用来
表示一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能、空想等。
,.
二、
Wish
< br>和
As if
之后的虚拟语气
对
wish
和
as if
掌握关键是对它们后面的时态的理解和使用，
这完全
不同于虚拟条件句。
wish
是指未能实现或不能实现的愿望。
如果所希望的事是指过去，就用过去完成时，而不管
wish
本
身是那种时态，即从句的动作或状态先于
wish
：
I wish had been to
Beijing
．（现在希望过去）
I wished I had been to Beijing.
（过去希望过去的过去）
如果所希望
的事是指将来，
就用过去将来时或情态动词的过去时，
不论
wish
本身是什么
时态，即从句的动作和
状态同时落后于
wish
：
I wish I would be an astronaut.
（现在希望将来）
I wished
I would be an astronaut.
（过去希望过去的将来）
如果所希望
的事是当时的事，就用一般过去时，即从句的动作或状态与
wish
同时：
一、正错辨析
1
．错：
It is
< br>（
high
）
time we
go
．
正：
It is
（
high
）
time we
went
．
正：
It is
（
high
）
time we
should go
．
,.
正：
It is time for us to
go
．
It is time
后的定语从句通常要用虚拟语气，
动词要用过去式，
< br>或用
should
加原形动词。
这类句子含有“我们做某事的时间已过了（早就应该做了）”之意。
2
．错：
I wish you
could join us in the party last
night
．
正：
I wish you could have
joined us in the party last
night
．
“
wish
”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词有下面三种情况：
（
1
）对目前的状况所表
示的祝愿或抱歉，谓语动词为：
were
或一般过去式；
（
2
）对将来发生
的事情表示祝愿，谓语动词为：
could
（或
would
）
+
动词原形；<
/p>
（
3
）对过去
发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔，谓语动词为：过去完成时或
could
（
would
）
+ have
+
过去分词。
3
．错：
He would not
do so unless he is ordered
to
．
正：
He would not do so unless
he were ordered to
．
unless
引导条件状语从句相当于
if
的反意词“除外”，这一从句常用虚拟语气。因此，
主句
用虚拟语气时，从句应作相应的配合。
4
．错：
He speaks as
if he is a hero
．
正：
He speaks as if he were a
hero
．
,.
as if
或
as though
引导状语从句大多数情况下要用虚拟语气，
从句中动词用过去时或过
去完成时。不过在
look
后面的
as if
引起的从句中用虚拟和陈述两种语气都可以：
She looks as if she is only in her
thirties
．
It
looks as if it were going to
rain
．
此外
smell
，
sound
，
seem
等用作系动词时也有类似的情况。
5
．错：
Without our
interruption
，
you may finish
it earlier
．
正：
Without our
interruption
，
you might have
finished it earlier
．
without
是一带条件状语性质的介词，表示虚拟条件时，句子也要用虚拟
语气。
二、选择填空
1
．
If I ______
you
，
I wouldn't return the
call
．
A
．
be
B
．
am
C
．
was
D
．
were
2
．
If he
______ the storekeeper's scissors, he
would have forgotten to
Buy a
pair
．
A
．
would of seen
B
．
had not seen
C
．
had not of seen
D
．
has seen
3
．
I would have
gone to the meeting
，
if I
______ more time
．
,.
A
．
had had
B
．
have had
C
．
had
D
．
would have had
4
．
I could have
Done
Better if I ______
more time
．
A
．
have had
B
．
had
C
．
had
had
D
．
will have
had
5
．
Your
examination results were quite
good
，
but ______ if you had
spent less
time in playing
football
？
A
．
wouldn't they
have Been
Better
B
．
wouldn't they
Be Better
C
．
won't
they Be Better D
．
won't they
have Been
Better
6
．
______ today
，
he
would get there By Friday
．
A
．
Would he leave
B
．
Was he leaving
C
．
Were he to
leave
D
．
If he leaves
7
．
If I had
hurried
，
I ______
the train
．
A
．
would catch
B
．
could catch
C
．
would have
caught
D
．
had caught
8
．
If you had
Been with us
，
you
______ our excitement
．
A
．
have understood
B
．
understood
C
．
will understand
D
．
would have
understood
,.
9
．
Without your
help
，
we ______ so
much
．
A
．
will not
achieve
B
．
didn't achieve
C
．
don't achieve
D
．
would not have
achieved
10
．
Mary
insisted that Tom ______ her the ring
Back
．
A
．
gives
B
．
give
C
．
given
D
．
have given
11
．
His Doctor
suggested that he ______ a short leave of
absence
．
A
．
will take
B
．
would take
C
．
take
D
．
took
12
．
The job would
require that ______ at 7 o'clock every
morning
．
A
．
he will Be at
the factory
B
．
he Be at the
factory
C
．
he was
at the factory
D
．
he has
Been at the factory
13
．
Your advice
that she
______ till next week is
reasonable
．
A
．
will wait
B
．
is going to
wait
C
．
waits
D
．
wait
14
．
The
housemaster was strict
．
He
requested that we ______ television on week
nights
．
A
．
not watch
B
．
must not to
watch
C
．
not Be
watching
D
．
have not
watched
,.
15
．
It is
necessary that a worker
______ his
work on time
．
A
．
accomplishes
B
．
can accomplish
C
．
accomplish
D
．
has
accomplished
16
．
It is
important that he
______ his
Decision
Before
Friday
．
A
．
will make
B
．
makes
C
．
make
D
．
must make
17
．
You look so
tired. It's time you ______
．
A
．
go to sleep
B
．
went to sleep
C
．
go to Bed
D
．
went to Bed
18
．
I'd rather you
______ anything about it for the time
being
．
A
．
do
B
．
didn't Do
C
．
don't
D
．
didn't
19
．
But for
water
，
it ______ impossible
to live in thedesert
．
A
．
is
B
．
was
C
．
were
D
．
wouldn't Be
20
．
______ it______ for your
help
，
I couldn't have ade any
progress
．
A
．
Had
；
not
Been
B
．
< br>Should
；
not Been
C
．
Did
；
not Been
D
．<
/p>
Not
；
be
,.
21
．
Long ______
the Party
！
A
．
lives
B
．
live
C
．
will live
D
．
should live
22
．
If only I
______ my car
！
A
．
hadn't lost
B
．
would not lose
C
．
didn't lose
D
．
haven't lost
23
．
My suggestion
was that the meeting ______ off tillnext
week
．
A
．
to put
B
．
be put
C
．
should put
D
．
be putting
24
．
Mother
suggested that I ______ my homework first before
watching TV
．
A
．
did
B
．
do
．
shall Do
D
．
Have Done
25
．
______ I
Be
free tomorrow
，
I
could go with you
．
A
．
Could
B
．
Should
C
．
Might
D
．
Must
【参考答案】
1
．
D
6
．
C
11
．
C
2
．
B
7
．
C
12
．
B
3
．
A
8
．
D
13
．
D
4
．
C
9
．
D
14
．
A
5
．
A
10
．
B
15
．
C
,.
16
．
C
21
．
B
17
．
D
22
．
A
18
．
B
23
．
B
19
．
D
24
．
B
20
．
A
25
．
B
A
层次选题：（一）
1
．
If I ___ ten
years younger, I ______ very happy.
A
．
were, would be
B
．
am, shall be
C
．
were, shall be
D
．
am, would be
2
．
----You can ask
your brother for help.
----He is not at home. If he ______ , I
______ .
A
．
is, would
B
．
were, would
C
．
is, will
D
．
were, will
3
．
If
you the doctors advice, you would have already
recovered.
A
．
follow
B
．
followed
C
．
would follow
D
．
had followed
4
．
If
he had not missed the train, he ______ by then.
A
．
might get
B
．
might have got
C
．
got
D
．
had got
5
．
What would you
have done last night, if you ______ to write your
homework.
A
．
hadn't
B
．
haven't had
C
．
didn't have
D
．
hadn't had
6
．
----Did you
catch the plane?
,.
----No, if I had hurried, I ______ .
A
．
would
B
．
would have
C
．
could
D
．
did
7
．
Why
didn't you tell him the truth? If I ______ you, I
would have.
A
．
were
B
．
had been
C
．
am
D
．
would be
8
．
----How do you
like the party?
----Wonderful. If you had come with us,
you ______ a good time.
A
．
had
B
．
had had
C
．
would have
D
．
would have had
9
．
If
I ______ out of my ink, I would have finished
writing the paper.
A
．
didn't run
B
．
shouldn't run
C
．
haven't run
D
．
hadn't run
10
．
If
you ______ early tomorrow morning, you would be
there by noon.
A
．
have started
B
．
were start
C
．
were to start
D
．
had started
11
．
If you ______
to the moon one day, you would find it quite
different from the
earth.
A
．
travel
B
．
had travelled
C
．
should travel
D
．
have trarelled
12
．
What ______
yesterday if you ______ TV programme.
A
．
would you do,
hadn't watch
,.
B
．
would you have
done, hadn't watched
C
．
could you do,
didn't watch
D
．
would you have
done, didn't watch
13
．
----Are you
thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?
----No, but if I ______
time, I ______ very glad to go there.
A
．
have, will be
B
．
had had, would have been
C
．
had, would be
D
．
had had, would be
14
．
----My boss
often made me work day and night.
----If I ______
you, I
______ the job.
A
．
am, will give
upB
．
had been you, would have
given up
C
．
were, would
give up D
．
had been you,
would give up
15
．
If you tell me
all about it, I ______ able to decide.
A
．
would be
B
．
could be
C
．
were
D
．
shall be
16
．
If
you ______ George, would you please tell him to
ring me?
A
．
saw
B
．
were to
C
．
have seen
D
．
see
17
．
I'm sure he
hasn't sent the letter. If he ______ it, I ______
.
A
．
sent, got
B
．
sent, have got
C
．
sent, would go
D
．
had sent, would have got
18
．
----Sally
finally got here from Chicago.
----If she ______
earlier,
we ______ her to the party then.
A
．
came, would
take B
．
had come, would have
taken
C
．
comes, will
take D
．
had come, would take
19
．
I
don't know whether to take the medicine at once.
If I ______
A
．
knew, would
take B
．
had known, would have
taken it
C
．
knew, would
have taken D
．
had known,
would take
20
．
----Did you
need any help with your maths last night?
----No, If ______ , I
______ you.
A
．
had, would have
called B
．
had, would call
C
．
had
needed, would have called
D
．
had needed, would call
答案与分析
,.
I ______ it.
，
,.
1
．
选
A
。从句的意思反映出其愿望是不可能实现的，应该使用虚拟
语气。从各选项中分
析只有
A
符合虚拟
条件句的语法规则。
2
．选
B
。前文已经给出，这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件从句。
3
．选
D
。从两个方面分析都应选
D
。从
< br>follow the doctor's advice
动作本身分析，这
是个非延续性动词，所以它只能是要么已经，要么将来，即要么与过去事实相反，要么与将<
/p>
来事实相反。从全句的意思中分析，应是前者。也可以从主句中分析。它是与过去事实相反
的
would have recovered
。从全句的意思上看，从句也应是与过去事实相反。
4
．选
B
。上一题考查从句中时态的选
用，而本题则是考查主句时态的选用。从句是与过
去事实相反，根据从句的意思，主句也
应是与过去事实相反。
5
．
选
D
。
主句与从句都理
解为与过去事实要反相才正确。
have to
被否定后的意思
是
“不
是不得不”
，
< br>“不是非得”
。
have
一词作
“有”
解时，
其否定和疑问的形式有两
种，
you don't
have, you haven'
t
，但作除“有”解以外的含义时，只能有第一种否定或疑问形式，所以选
项
A
是错的。
B
项不是虚拟语气，
C
项是与现在或将来事实相反故
也须排除。
6
．
选
B
。
根据问句，
if
条件从句及全句的意思，
主句只能理解为与过去事
实相反，
would
have
是
would have
caught
的省略。
7
．选
B
。从句应理解为与过去事实相反，故选
had been
。
8
．
选
D
。
问句中虽用现在时，
但实际上是询问过去的事，
故主从句都是与过去事实相反，
所以
would
have had
是对的。
,. <
/p>
9
．选
D
。与过
去事实相反的从句是过去完成时，
故选
hadn't
run
。
run out
of
意为“用
光”。
10
．选
C
。从句中的
tomorrow morning
已经告知我们，本句可理解为与将
来事实相
反，
A
、
D
两项都不
对。
B
项缺少
to
，故选
were to start
。
11
．选
C
。从句中的
one day
指“将来有一天”，故用
s
hould
可表示将来。
12
．选
B
。根据主句中的
yesterday
可以确定，主句是与过去事实相反，又根据句意，
从句也是与过去事实相反，故选
B
。
< br>
13
．疑问句是询问将来，故用与将来事实相反的
C
项。
14
．选
B
。第一句中的
made
是指过去，回答要同上文的时间相符，所以，主句和从句
均是与过去事实相反。
15
．选
D
。条件从句的
tell
说明这不是一个虚拟条件，因此选用真实意义的
D
项
。
16
．选
D
。
would you please
并不是虚拟语气，而是一种很委婉的祈使句，故从句也
不用虚拟条件，而选用真实条件
的
see
。
17
．选
D
。第一句已清楚地道出过去
的一个事实。第二句是与这个过去的事实相反的虚
拟语气，故选用
D
。
18
．选
B
。根据第一句，第二句中的条件从句应是一个与过去事实
相反的虚拟条件，而
主句也用与过去事实相反，
这是由于句尾的
then
的缘故，
如果没有
then
一词，
选
D
项也是
正确的。
,.
19
．选
A
。主、从句都是与现在事实相反，故用
A
< br>。
20
．选
< br>C
。第一句是询问过去的事实，第二句中的主、从句都理解为过去才合逻辑，虽<
/p>
然
D
选项在语法上是对的，但从时间上看
却不合理。
A
层次选题：（二）
1
．
I don't think
he'll attend the party, and ______
he
attend it what would he
wear?
A
．
were
B
．
had
C
．
should
D
．
did
2
．
______ she a man, she would run for
president.
A
．
If were
B
．
Were
C
．
Be
D
．
Is
3
．
______ you were coming today, I would
have met you at the railway station.
A
．
Have I known
B
．
I have known
C
．
Had
I known
D
．
I had known
4
．
______ today, I would get there by
Friday.
A
．
Was he leaving
B
．
If he leaves
C
．
Were he to
leave
D
．
If he is
leaving
5
．
Had you driven
slowlier, the accident ______ .
,.
A
．
might not
happen B
．
might not have
happened
C
．
didn't happen
D
．
hadn't happened
6
．
______ I see him, I shall let you know.
A
．
Shall
B
．
Can
C
．
May
D
．
Should
7
．
It's impossible
that it will rain. But if it ______ we would put
off the plan.
A
．
were to rain
B
．
had
rained C
．
rains
D
．
would rain
8
．
I'll never
fail, but if I ______ , I'd try again.
A
．
were fail
B
．
had
failed C
．
fails
D
．
should fail
9
．
It
looks as if they ______ the truth, but in fact
they are not.
A
．
are telling
B
．
tell
C
．
told
D
．
were telling
10
．
It
rained and rained, as if it ______ .
A
．
never stopped
B
．
had never stopped
C
．
never stops
D
．
would never stop
11
．
It
seems as if I ______ about it as soon as it
happened.
A
．
told
B
．
has told
C
．
had told
D
．
would tell
,.
12
．
I'm sorry I
don't know his address. I wish I ______ it.
A
．
've
known
B
．
'd
known C
．
knew
D
．
know
13
．
----Did you
leave early last night?
----Yes, but I wish I ______ so early.
A
．
didn't leave
B
．
hadn't left
C
．
haven't left
D
．
was not leaving
14
．
I
wish he ______ with us, but I'm sorry he isn't
coming.
A
．
is coming
B
．
would
comeC
．
came
D
．
had come
15
．
He
insisted that nothing ______ till he arrived.
A
．
must be started
B
．
ought to be
started
C
．
could be
started
D
．
should be
started
16
．
Tom suggests
that Ann ______ the house.
A
．
can sell
B
．
sells
C
．
sell
D
．
sold
17
．
It's better
that he ______ it from you.
A
．
'll hear
B
．
hears
C
．
should hear
D
．
heard
,.
18
．
It was
necessary that he ______ about what had happened.
A
．
be
told
B
．
was told
C
．
should tell
D
．
tell
19
．
It's
astonishing that she ______ sad at news that it
has nothing to do with her.
A
．
felt
B
．
should feel
C
．
'll feel
D
．
would feel
20
．
It
was strange that we ______ short of water in the
country where it was
always raining.
A
．
are
B
．
be
C
．
should be
D
．
both B and C
答案与分析
1
．选
C
。在虚拟条件从句中，如含
有
should
，
were
to
，
had
和
were
时，可以将
if
省略掉，并把从句主谓结构倒装，即变成疑问句形式，这时它的含义不变，只是书面语气重
了些。本句就是这种省略并倒装后的结构，原来的形式是
if you
should
…。
2
．选
B
。分析参阅上面第
1<
/p>
题。本句原来的形式是
if she were a
man
。
3
．选
C
。分析参阅上面第
1
题。本句原来的形式是
if I had
known
。
4
．选
C
。分析参阅上面第
1
题。本句原来的形式是
if he were to
leave
。
5
．选
B
。逗号前的部分是虚拟条件省略倒装后的结构，原来
的形式是
If you had
driven
…。这是一个与过去事实相反的条件从句，根据全句意思分析，主句也应是指过去才
合逻辑。