威廉 莎士比亚

威廉

莎士比亚（

15 64

—

1616

）

William Shakespeare(1564

～

1616

）

I. Brief Introduction(

莎士比亚简介

)

Of

all

the

famous

English

writers,

probably

the

best

known

is

William

Shakespeare.

He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 on April the 23rd. His father

was

an

important

man

in

town

so

Shakespeare

had

a

good

upbringing.

Shakespeare

probably

went

to

school

(although

no

records

survive

to

prove this) but not university. He got married when he was 18 to Anne

Hathaway and the couple had 3 children.

Shakespeare

wrote

37/38

plays

and

154

sonnets

(a

sonnet

is

a

kind

of

poem). He began working in his home town of Stratford but by 1592 was

writing in London. He became rich enough to buy a house in the capital

and one in Stratford.

He wrote sad stories called tragedies, like Romeo and Juliet, funny stories

or comedies, romantic stories and stories about historical figures such as

Julius Caesar.

Shakespeare died on his birthday in 1616, almost 400 years ago. But why

is his work still popular today?

His work looked at common human themes, such as betrayal, murder, lust,

power,

ambition

and

love.

These

themes

are

as

much

a

part

of

human

nature today as they were all those years ago and are the themes we see in

modern soap operas and Hollywood films. Even though his theatre, The

Globe, burned down in 1613 it was rebuilt in London in 1997 and you

can still see his plays performed there today.

Shakespeare's

influence

on

the

English

language

can

still

be

felt

today.

We talk about

first used by Shakespeare. He coined the phrase

of

a

good

thing

And

it

was

Shakespeare

who

came

up

with

the

expression to disappear

lose something.

Shakespeare's work has been translated into every major language in the

world. And perhaps we'll still be as fascinated by his work 400 years from

now as we've been for the last 400.

Shakespeare

is

a

great

master

of

the

English

language.

He

used

about

16,000 words. Many of his new coinages and turns of expressions have

becomes everyday usage in English life. Shakespeare and the Authorized

Version of the English Bible are the two great treasuries of the English

language.

II. Shakespeare's Complete Works(

莎士比亚的作品

)

1.

PLAYS

All's Well That Ends Well

皆大欢喜

Antony and Cleopatra

安东尼与克莉奥佩屈拉

As You Like It

终成眷属（如愿）

Comedy of Errors

错中错（错误的喜剧）

Coriolanus

科利奥兰纳斯

Cymbeline

辛白林

Hamlet

哈姆雷特（王子复仇记）

Henry IV

, Part I

；

Part II

亨利四世

Henry V

亨利五世

Henry VI, Part I

；

Part II

；

Part III

亨利六世

Henry VIII

亨利八世

Julius Caesar

裘力斯

凯撒

King John

约翰王

King Lear

李尔王

Love's Labour's Lost

爱的徒劳（空爱一场）

Macbeth

麦克白

Measure for Measure

一报还一报（恶有恶报）

Merchant of Venice

威尼斯商人

Merry Wives of Windsor

温莎的风流娘儿们

Midsummer Night's Dream

仲夏夜之梦

Much Ado about Nothing

无事生非（无事自扰）

Othello

奥赛罗

Pericles

泰尔亲王佩力克尔斯

Richard II

里查二世

Richard III

里查三世

Romeo and Juliet

罗密欧与朱丽叶

Taming of the Shrew

驯悍记（驯悍妇）

Tempest

暴风雨

Timon of Athens

雅典的泰门

Titus Andronicus

泰特斯

安特洛尼克斯

Troilus and Cressida

脱爱勒斯与克莱西达

Twelfth Night

第十二夜

Two Gentlemen of Verona

维洛那二绅士

Winter's Tale

冬天的故事

2.

SONNETS

Sonnets 1-17

Sonnets 18-126

Sonnets 127-154

3. POEMS

Lover's Complaint

爱人的怨诉（情人怨；情女怨）

Passionate Pilgrim

热情的朝圣者

Phoenix and the Turtle

凤凰和斑鸠

Rape of Lucrece

鲁克丽丝失贞记

Venus and Adonis

维纳斯和阿多尼斯

III. Shakespeare and the Great Figures in Shakespeare's Works(

莎士比亚

及其笔下的人物

)

1.

Shakespeare

is

considered

to

be

a

pseudonym

of

many

writers

by

researchers for the excuse that a man who lived only 52 years (1564-1616)

and who created 37 plays and 154 sonnets in only 22years.

2. Portia is a woman of the Renaissance------beautiful, prudent, cultured,

courteous,

and

capable

of

rising

to

an

emergency.

She

is

one

of

Shakespeare’s ideal women.

3. Shylock, the Jewish usurer, symbolizes a person who is cruel and mean.

A miser.

4.

Hamlet

is

a

humanist,

a

man

who

loves

good

and

hates

evil,

an

intellectual genius, a man of melancholy, a man in tremendous hesitation.

But Hamlet is neither a frail and weak- minded youth nor a thought-sick

dreamer.

5. Romeo and Juliet are images of true love, symbols of faithfulness.

6.

Falstaff

in

“Henry

IV”

is

one

of

the

most

brilliant

creations

in

Shakespeare’

s plays. By origin he is a feudal knight. But now he has lost

his

estates

and

become

an

adventurer

and

parasite.

He

is

fat,

old,

ugly,

gross, and guilty of many sins. He is also selfish, treacherous and cynical.

Tradition has it that Queen Elizabeth was so amused by Sir John Falstaff

in “Henry IV” that she ordered Shakespeare another play about him, and

so Shakespeare wrote his comedy “The Merry Wives of Windsor”

IV

.

Something More about Shakespeare(

莎士比亚杂谈

)

1

．莎学

:

就像中国的《红楼梦》有红学一样，莎士比亚有莎学。因为我们怎么

理解莎士比亚的作品 都可以找到一些线索理由，所以说是

“

说不尽的

莎士比亚

”——

平均每年都有

500

部关于莎士比亚的文学评论著作出

版。

< br>

2

．莎翁

:

莎学对 比红学，莎士比亚被称为莎翁

,

用

翁

这字眼的只此一人。

而曹雪芹却不能称

曹翁