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with 的用法

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-17 19:42
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2021年2月17日发(作者:一次元)


with


的用法




with


的用法(



伴随一般被视为累赘)



1.



独立主格,表示伴随

< p>
,所以必须修饰主谓宾结构,而非主系表结构。



独立主格三种形式:



1)

< p>
一般形式


(独立部分与主句部分无太多关联)


n. +n.



n.+V-ed/v-ing



n.+


介词短语


/

< br>形容词短语



2)


with













< br>逻







with+


< br>语


+







with+n.+v-ed/ v-ing/


介词短语


/


形容词短语< /p>



3)


each


形式


(必须前面有复数名词)




each+v-ed/v-ing



eac h+


介词短语


/


形容词短


语,


each+n.+


介词短语


*



with

< br>型独立主格在


GMAT


中常常被判累赘。



With


引导独立主格结构有修饰歧义


--


放在中间可修饰前者也可修饰后者。



Eg.


关于夹心修饰



(by aeoluseros)




所以


歧义修饰,是因为引发了不同的理解,而并不是语法上是否 会有不同的修饰



所谓夹心修饰也是这个原则。


很多人对


“夹心修饰”


都有过一个误解,


认为


S, v-ing, V


. +


O.


结构中,


v-ing


既 可以往前修饰


S


,也可以往后修饰


V< /p>


就是夹心,而实际上夹心


并不是


“可以往 前修饰


S


,也可以往后修饰


V”


。在


S, v-ing, V


. + O.


这样的表达中,


v-ing


约定< /p>


俗成只伴随修饰动词


,见下例:



prep 2-104 The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously, because a single


tree,


depending


on its size and on climate and altitude, is able to produce enough


berries to make between one and twelve pounds of dried beans a year


.


这个句子里


depend ing


不能改为


dependent


, 因为


depending



depen dent


的区别在


于,


前者伴随修饰谓 语动词


is able to produce


,后者则是修饰名词


single tree


,会造成


逻辑上不对



——



“一棵树依靠它的


size












with


独立主格结构:



由“


with


+宾语+宾补”构成的 复合结构,在句中可作状语,表示伴随


。这一结构


中的宾语补足 语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当:




Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping


on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.



Q16: PP73.



With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting,


wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have grown to exceed 175,000



A.



With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no


hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have


B.



With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that do not


allow hunting, wildlife officials' estimate of the deer population in New Jersey has


C.



With no natural predators and with expanses of green suburban neighborhoods where


there is no hunting, the deer population in New Jersey, wildlife officials estimate, has


D.



Without natural predators and no hunting allowed in expanse of green suburban


neighborhoods, New Jersey has a deer population that wildlife officials estimate to have


E.



Without natural predators and with expanses of green neighborhoods where there is no


hunting, wildlife officials in New Jersey estimate a deer population that has


170. (GWD21-Q12)


Birds


known


as


honeyguides


exhibit


a


unique


pattern


of


behavior:


the


bird


leads


another


animal,


such


as


a


honey-


badger


or


a


human,


to


a


bees’


nest


with


their


chattering when they fly ahead; after the larger animal takes honey, the bird eats the


wax and bee larvae.


A.



with their chattering when they fly


B.



with chattering and its flying


C.



by chattering as it flies


D.



by chattering and its flying





E.



by chattering as they are flying



题目释义:


the bird leads sth , , to a bees’ nest by chattering as it flies



主语是


the bird


,谓语动词


lead sth to some place, by+


分词结构为方式状语,


as


引导时


间状语从句。




考点:



指代一致,逻辑表达




1.



with



by


的区别:



(1)


做某事时通过什么


方法或手段



by



do something by (doing) something




(2)


表示使用有形工具时,


通常用


with


来表示:


write with a pen, see with naked eyes,


strike with a hammar


(3)






讲时,


by



with


的区别在于:


with< /p>


表示行为动作的工具,后面的名词一般


要有冠词;


by


表示动作的手段,后面的名词一律不用冠词。



2.



as



when


引导的时间状语含义不同:



(1)



as


表示




……




一面


……


一面





随着



。具体用法如下:



1




表示< /p>




……







……


同时



。常指从句的动作未 结束,主句中的动


作就已发生。


从句中多用表示动作的动词,< /p>


而不用


be


动词或表示感觉、

< p>
理解、知道这类动词。



e.g.



As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar


.


She dropped the glass as she stood up.



2




用于平 行的动作中,表示



一面


……

< p>
一面


……


。常指一个主语同时进行


两个动作。



e.g.



The students took notes as they listened.



3




用于平 行发展的结构中,


表示



随着

< p>
……



常指一个行为是另一个行为


的结果,或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发

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