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意大利语职位名称
You
probably
know
that
for
every
professore
there
is
a
professoressa, and for every studente
there is a studentessa.
But
how about
other
nouns of
profession, status,
or relation
that have a male
and a female version?
Most masculine nouns ending in -tore
become feminine
by changing -tore to
-trice (see table below).
GENDERED NOUNS: FROM -TORE TO -TRICE
MASCULINE
FEMININE
1
ENGLISH
attore
attrice
actor
autore
autrice
author
direttore
2
direttrice
director
imperatore
imperatrice
emperor/empress
lavoratore
lavoratrice
3
worker
pittore
pittrice
painter
scrittore
scrittrice
writer
4
stiratore
stiratrice
presser
traditore
traditrice
traitor
traduttore
5
traduttrice
translator
Some
masculine
nouns
become
feminine
by
changing
their
final vowel to -a (see table below).
GENDERED NOUNS THAT GAIN AN
-A IN THE FEMININE
MASCULINE
FEMININE
ENGLISH
6
cameriere
cameriera
waiter/waitress
cassiere
cassiera
bank teller
figlio
figlia
7
son/daughter
giardiniere
giardiniera
gardener
infermiere
infermiera
nurse
8
marchese
marchesa
marquis/marchioness
padrone
padrona
boss, owner
portiere
9
portiera
doorman/doorwoman
sarto
sarta
tailor/dressmaker
signore
signora
Mr./Mrs.
10
Take note that there are certain names
of professions that
end in -a
regardless of whether the term refers to a male or
a
female.
In
such
case,
the
gender
distinction
is
made
by
the
definite
article:
il
giornalista/la
giornalista,
il
dentista/la
dentista.
The
plurals
of
these
professions
follow
the
same
general rule
as
with
any
other
noun:
Plural masculine nouns
end in -i (i giornalisti, i dentisi),
plural feminine nouns end in -e
(le
giornaliste, le dentiste).
Finally,
certain
masculine
nouns
become
feminine
by
replacing their final
vowel with -essa (see the following table).
GENDERED
NOUNS
THAT
GAIN
AN
-ESSA
IN
THE
FEMININE
MASCULINE
11
FEMININE
ENGLISH
avvocato
avvocatessa
lawyer
campione
campionessa
12
champion
conte
contessa
count/countess
dottore
dottoressa
doctor
oste
13
ostessa
host/hostess
poeta
poetessa
poet
principe
principessa
14
prince/princess
profeta
profetessa
prophet
sacerdote
sacerdotessa
high
priest/priestess
15
studente
studentessa
student
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You
might
find
cardinal
(counting)
numbers
the
most
useful
to
know
—
you will
need them to express time, record dates, do
math,
interpret
recipe
amounts,
and,
of
course,
count.
In
Italian,
cardinal
numbers
are
written
as
one
word.
Use
the
following table to memorize numbers
from 1 to 100.
ITALIAN CARDINAL NUMBERS: 1-100
1
16
uno
OO-noh
2
due
DOO-eh
3
tre
17
TREH
4
quattro
KWAHT-troh
5
cinque
CHEEN-kweh
6
18
sei
SEH-ee
7
sette
SET-teh
8
otto
19
OHT-toh
9
nove
NOH-veh
10
dieci
dee-EH-chee
20
11
undici
OON-dee-chee
12
dodici
DOH-dee-chee
13
21
tredici
TREH-dee-chee
14
quattordici
kwaht-TOR-dee-chee
15
quindici
KWEEN-dee-chee
22
16
sedici
SEH-dee-chee
17
diciassette
dee-chahs-SET-teh
18
23
diciotto
dee-CHOHT-toh
19
diciannove
dee-chahn-NOH-veh
20
venti
24
VEN-tee
21
ventuno
ven-TOO-noh
22
ventidue
ven-tee-DOO-eh
23
25
ventitr
é
ven-tee-TREH
24
ventiquattro
ven-tee-KWAHT-troh
25
venticinque
26
ven-tee-CHEEN-kweh
26
ventisei
ven-tee-SEH-ee
27
ventisette
ven-tee-SET-teh
27
28
ventotto
ven-TOHT-toh
29
ventinove
ven-tee-NOH-veh
30
28
trenta
TREN-tah
40
quaranta
kwah-RAHN-tah
50
cinquanta
cheen-KWAHN-tah
29
60
sessanta
ses-SAHN-tah
70
settanta
set-TAHN-ta
80
30
ottanta
oht-TAHN-ta
90
novanta
noh-VAHN-tah
100
cento
31
CHEN-toh
The numbers
venti, trenta, quaranta, cinquanta, and so on
drop the final vowel when combined with
uno and otto. Tre is
written without an
accent, but ventitr
é
,
trentatr
é
, and so on are
written with an accent.
Beyond 100
Do you remember those good
old days before the euro's
arrival
in
Italy
when
you
would
pay
a
few
thousand
lire
for
admission to a museum or a cappuccino
and biscotti? Tourists
needed more than
just the numbers up to 100 to get around.
Lire are history, but learning numbers
greater than 100 might
still prove
useful. Though
they
might
seem
unwieldy,
after
a
bit of
practice you'll be rolling them off your tongue
like a pro.
ITALIAN CARDINAL NUMBERS: 100 AND
GREATER
32
100
cento
CHEN-toh
101
centouno/centuno
cheh-toh-OO-noh/chehn-TOO-
noh
150
33
centocinquanta
cheh-toh-cheen-KWAHN-tah
200
duecento
doo-eh-CHEN-toh
300
trecento
34
treh-CHEN-toh
400
quattrocento
kwaht-troh-CHEN-toh
500
cinquecento
cheen-kweh-CHEN-toh
600
35
seicento
seh-ee-CHEN-toh
700
settecento
set-the-CHEN-toh
800
ottocento
36
oht-toh-CHEN-
toh
900
novecento
noh-veh-CHEN-
toh
1.000
mille
MEEL-leh
37
1.001
milleuno
meel-leh-OO-noh
1.200
milleduecento
meel-leh-doo-eh-CHEN-toh
2.000
duemila
38
doo-eh-MEE-lah
10.000
diecimila
dee-eh-chee-MEE-lah
15.000
quindicimila
kween-dee-chee-
MEE-lah
39
100.000
centomila
chen-toh-mee-leh
1.000.000
un milione
OON mee-lee-OH-
neh
2.000.000
40
due milioni
DOO-eh mee-lee-OH-neh
1.000.000.000
un miliardo
OON mee-lee-ARE-doh
You can place
items in
instance, il primo is the
first course on a menu and il secondo
is
the
second
course.
Vittorio
Emanuele
III,
who
ruled
the
unified
Italian
nation
from
1900
to
1946,
was
the
third
king
with
that name. Pope Paul V (1605-1621) was the fifth
pope
with the name Paul. When used with
the numerical succession
41
of
kings,
popes,
and
emperors,
the
ordinal
numbers
are
capitalized:
Vittorio Emanuele Secondo
(Vittorio Emanuele II)
Leone Nono (Leone IX)
Carlo Quinto (Carlo V)
diciottesimo
secolo (eighteenth century)
ITALIAN ORDINAL NUMBERS
first
42
primo
second
secondo
third
terzo
fourth
quarto
fifth
43
quinto
sixth
sesto
seventh
settimo
eighth
ottavo
44
ninth
nono
tenth
decimo
eleventh
undicesimo
twelfth
45
dodicesimo
thirteenth
tredicesimo
fourteenth
quattordicesimo
fifteenth
quindicesimo
sixteenth
46
sedicesimo
seventeenth
diciassettesimo
eighteenth
diciottesimo
nineteenth
diciannovesimo
47