Unit 12 Gender Bias in Language的译文和练习答案学习资料

babe

”

,

“

broad

”和“

chick

”这样的单词。

这些词是有关女性的或指向女性的。当然人们有权力使用这些词 来反映女性，但有

那么多可选择的词可以用为什么还要用这些词呢？语言是交流最强大和 最有效的工

具，它也是毁灭的最有效武器。

尽管在英语中有偏见存在，在认识这些偏见上现在已经有了 相当的改变，人们正

式制定了一些必须的改变，这样它们可以在全社会执行。人们做出合 理的内在调整

来使用合适的，能有效包含两种性别的语言是很有必要的。我们可以给语言 的使用

加以限定。在语言范围里我们允许使用什么和什么是合适的取决于我们的决定。< /p>

Text comprehension

IV.

Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1.

Language is an intricate system capable of expressing subtle

differences in meaning, emotion, attitude and so on.

2.

The words people choose to use in conversation show the prejudices

they hold within themselves.

3.

Nilsen argues that, at the beginning of a wedding ceremony, when

the father is asked who gives the bride away and he answers,

sexual prejudice shows itself.

4.

To be born a man, with the mark of

grace, a favor from God one doesn't actually deserve.

Vocabulary

I.

Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1.

consider / take into consideration

2.

by its very nature

3.

men's superiority

4.

the reason that leads to

5.

begins to exercise an influence

6.

in connection with

II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from

the box in its appropriate form.

1.

bias

2.

perpetuate

3.

oriented

4.

achievements

5.

exalts

6.

misinterpreted

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7.

In reference to

8.

yielded

9.

tempers

10.

supremacy

III. Choose a word that best completes each of the following sentences.

1

—

5 CDABC 6

–

10 AABCD

IV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in its

appropriate form and note the difference in meaning between them.

1. (Both words refer to an unfair, irrational, or unexamined attitude

towards issues or people based on generalized preconceptions.

Prejudice

refers to a dislike or even hatred for a particular group, race, or

religion, in a largely unexpressed or even unknown manner.

Bias

points

to a predisposition either for or against something. Where

prejudice

can indicate a fixed, inflexible attitude,

bias

might suggest only a

tendency to take a given view.)

a. bias

b. prejudice

c. bias

d. prejudice

2. (

Request

suggests a courteous statement of desire, and it is

frequently used as a euphemism for

latter's harshness.

Claim

suggests that a right is being asserted or

one has the right to something.)

a. requested

b. claim

c. requested

d. claim

3. (Both verbs apply to things that are brought or fastened together.

Connect

is used of things that come into contact at some point while

clearly remaining separate. The word may also suggest a contact that

results in the transfer of power from a source to a receiver.

Attach

applies to the fastening on of a part to a whole, of a lesser thing to a

greater, or of something movable to something fixed.)

a. connecting

b. connected

c. attaches

d. attached

4. (

Example

may indicate something physically presented as a specimen,

and more often it suggests the citing of supplementary material. The

word often implies brief citations given for clarity rather than to

corroborate a thesis.

Instance

points to particular or concrete

examples or occurrences.)

a. instances

b. example

c. instances

d. example

V.

Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each

sentence in the sense it is used.

1.

strong (mighty, forceful)

2.

understand (comprehend, interpret)

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3.

entertain (cherish, nurture)

4.

include (embrace)

5.

unbiased (just, balanced)

6.

inferiority (subservience)

7.

conventional (common, usual, habitual)

8.

little (small, inconsiderable, insignificant)

VI.

Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in

capital letters.

1. The aircraft can carry 480 people excluding the crew and cabin staff.

2. His poetry conveys a great sense of religious devotion.

3. The judge decided that allowing the videotape as evidence would be

prejudicial to the outcome of the trial.

4. It seems he's not solely to blame for the accident.

5. The political disparity between the two communities is obvious.

6. At the ceremony many speakers exalted his lifetime contribution to

the movie industry.

7. In the last two to three years, drinkers have become more discerning

and are now enjoying a wider variety of beer of better quality.

8. The changes to the national health system will be implemented next

year

Grammar

II. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate relative

words. Use a preposition where necessary.

1. that (

2. who / whom / -- (

3. that / which

4. when / at which / --

5. whereby / in which / by which

6. whose (

7. why / that (

8. that / -- (

an adjective in the superlative degree.)

9. whom

10. that / -- (

a complement in the relative clause.)

III.

Combine the two sentences in each group into one, using a relative

clause.

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1. The extra work she took on was starting to affect her health. (The

relative word can be omitted when it functions as the object.)

2. Adam, whose novel the TV series is based on, will appear in the first

episode. (Since the antecedent is a proper noun, which is definite in

reference, the relative clause modifying it is nonrestrictive.)

3. The trees which / that were blown down in last night's storm are

being cut down.

4. Dorothy was able to switch between German, Polish and Russian, all of

which she spoke fluently.

5. The hurricane, which caused such damage in the islands, has now

headed out to sea.

6. The house which / that is next to ours is for sale.

7. Neil Smith, whose parents are both teachers, won first prize in the

competition.

8. They climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which they got a

good view.

IV.

Put the verbs into the most appropriate form.

1. hear,

will suppose, no longer wish (We use the present

tense in the adverbial clause to refer to the future time.)

2. will cover

3, are you going (The present progressive expresses the arrangement

for the future.)

4. are going to invite,

5. will be attended to,

6. am going to watch (

intention.)

VI. Translation

I.

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1.

甚至在亲属关系上，家中的男人常被称为“当家的”，即便只不过是个四岁的娃

儿。

2.

在美国文化里 ，女人的价值在于她身体的魅力，而男人的价值在于他的体力和

成就。

< br>

3.

这说明：由于性别的原因，女人无法把握属于自 己的一部分，却使得男人能够

理所当

地获取并不属于他的东西。

4. s hrew(

鼩鼱

)

这个单词原来指一种 身体很小但特别恶毒的动物。但是，在尼尔森

的词典里

shre w

的意思是一个“脾气极坏、骂骂咧咧的女人”。

II.

Translate the following sentences into English.

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1. I marvel at the poet's ability to express different nuances of

feeling.

2. Although you have good teachers and a favorable environment, it is

your personal effort that comes into play in the success of your

English studies.

3. As English majors, we need to have a keen awareness of the subtle

differences between word meanings.

4. Some new policies in the educational system will be implemented next

year.

5. It is unfair to identify popular culture with vulgar culture.

6. He believes that a person should be noble-minded, but not money-

oriented all the time.

7. The Middle East is generously endowed with petroleum.

8. The school authorities are holding a meeting in reference to the

construction of a new gymnasium.

9. But for his personal visits to the third-world countries, he would

not have believed such disparity in the living standards between the

rich and the poor.

10. No one came to claim the welfare lottery bonus of 5 million yuan RMB,

not even to the last day.

Integrated skills

I.

Dictation

A major topic of sociolinguistics / is the connection, if any, / between

the structures, vocabularies, / and ways of using particular languages /

and the social roles of the men and women / who speak these languages. /

Do the men and women who speak a particular language / use it in

different ways? / If they do, / do these differences arise from the

structure of that language, / or alternately, / do any differences that

exist / simply reflect the ways / in which the sexes relate to each

other in that society, / whatever the reason? / These issues have

generated / a considerable amount of thought and discussion / in the

last decades of the twentieth century.

II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think

appropriate.

1. restricted 2. where 3. when 5. drew

6. vocabulary 7. male 8. marked

9. with

Writing

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Revise the following sentences to state their meaning in fewer words.

(The following versions are for reference only. Students may propose

various versions of their own. As long as they are grammatically correct

and semantically sensible, they are acceptable.)

1. Historically, information theory was developed to find fundamental

limits on compressing reliably communicating data.

2. He dropped out of school to support his family.

3. The bus company will probably announce its new schedule in the next

few days.

4. Rarely will you find someone who has never told a deliberate lie.

5. Disobeying safety regulations causes trouble.

6. Students think that the most important subjects are those that will

be useful after graduation.

7. Soon college freshmen must realize that they need to contact their

advisors about their choices of majors.

8. We don't know why the door was left open.

9. When will a downturn in the stock market affect society?

10. He failed in the examination because he did not work hard enough.

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