跨文化交际》_名词解释

名词解释

1.

Intercultural

communication

refers

to

communication

between

people

whose

culture

perceptions

and

symbol

systems

are

distinct

enough to alter the communication event.

跨文化交际< /p>

:

指拥有不同文化认知和符号体系的人文之间进行的交

2.

Culture

is

a

learned

set

of

shared

interpretations

about

beliefs,

values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively

large group of people.

文化

是习得的一套关于信仰，

价值观，

规范的公认 的解释，

这些信仰，

价值观，规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生 影响。

3.

Culture

identity

refers

to

one

’

s

sense

of

belonging

to

a

particular culture or ethnic group.

文化身份

：指有意识 地把自己归为某一特定文化或种族群体。

4.

Subculture

are

formed

by

groups

of

people

possessing

characteristic traits that set apart and distinguish them from

others within a larger society or dominant culture.

亚文化

:

具有能在更大的一个社会范围内或主流文化中使自 己有别于

他人的特点的人类群体所形成的文化。

5.

Norms

are

culturally

ingrained

principles

of

correct

and

incorrect behaviors which, if broken carry a form of overt or

covert penalty.

规范指的是正确和不正确行为根深蒂固的文化原则，这种不正确的行

为一旦发生，就意味着一种显性或隐性的处罚。

6.

文化震荡

Culture shock

refers to the traumatic experience that

an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.

人们在进入一种新文化 环境时，遭遇的痛苦和难忘的经历。

7.

人

际< /p>

交

际

interpersonal

communication

:

a

small

number

of

individuals

who

are

interacting

exclusively

with

one

another

and

who

therefore

have

the

ability

to

adapt

their

messages

specifically

for

those

others

and

to

obtain

immediate

interpretations from them.

指少数人之间的交往他们既能根据对方

调 整自己的信息，又能立即从对方那里获得解释。

8.

世界观

worldview

:is the belief that we hold explaining the

cosmos God, the nature of humanity and nature.

指我们持有的对

宇宙，神，人本质及自然的最根 本的看法。

9.

Context :

it

’

s the information that surrounds an event ,it is

in extricably bound up with the meaning of the event .

10.

高语境文化

High-context

culture

:it's

a

kind

of

culture

in

which

people

are

very

homogeneous

with

regard

to

experiences

,information

networks

,and

the

like

,e.g.

Chinese ,Japanese

11.

低语境文化

Low-context

culture

:it's

a

kind

of

culture

in

which

the

population

is

less

homogeneous

and

therefore

tends

to

compartmentalize

interpersonal

contacts

,e.g.

American

,German

12.

个人主义

Individualism

:

broadly

speaking

,individualism refers

to the doctrine theater the interests of the individual are of

ought to be paramount ,and that all values ,rights and duties

originate

in

individual

s

,it

emphasizes

individual

initiative

,independence

,individual

expression

,and

even

privacy .

个人利益胜于集体利益

13.

集体主义

Collectivism

: it is characterized by a rigid social

framework

that

distinguish

between

in-groups

and

out-groups

.people

expect

their

in- group

to

look

after

them

,and

in exchange for that they fell they owe absolute loyalty to the

group

.collectivism

means

greater

emphasis

on

(1)the

views ,needs ,and goals of the in-groups rather than oneself

(2)social norms and duty defined by the in-group rather than

behavior

to

get

pleasure

;

(3)beliefs

shared

with

the

in- group;

rather than beliefs that distinguish self from in group and

(4)great readiness to cooperate with in group membership .

个

人融入集体。

14.

对不确定因素的回避态度：

uncertainty avoidance

deals with a

society

’

s

tolerance

for

uncertainty

and

ambiguity

;it

ultimately refers to man

’

s search for truth.