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第八单元
PART III GRAMMAR
Misplaced Modifiers
Students
may not be able to detect misplaced
modifiers
，
especially
misplaced
adverbs such as almost or
nearly
．
The teacher should
help them find out what these
modifiers
are actual1y modifying
．
Suggested answers to the exercise
Sentences a and b Cause confusion
because they are
ambiguous
；
Sentences c and d
cause no
confusion
，
but they read
awkwardly
．
Improved
sentences
：
a
．
The story he
told sounded very interesting at
first
．
b
．
While waiting
for her dinner
，
Susan read an
article about fashion in a
magazine
．
c
．
He put the gift
that he had bought for his wife in his
bag
．
d
．
It was said
that Lincoln wrote the draft for the Gettysburg
Address on the back of a
matchbox on the
train
．
Now
，
ask students
to sum up the rule against misplaced
modifiers
．
Summary
In order
for modifiers not to cause confusion or sound
awkward, they should be
placed near the
word or phrase they modify.
Dangling Modifiers
It
should
be
pointed
out
that
some
participles
and
infinitives
may
be
used
t0
modify
the
whole
sentence
instead
of
the
sentence
subject
，
and
do
not
have
to
be
examined
for the logical order
．
They
include
：
generally
speaking
，
judging
by
…，
to
be frank
with you
；
to tell you the
truth, etc.
Suggested answers to the
exercise
a
．
Viewed
out of the window
，
the lake
is breathtakingly beautiful
．
b
．
On entering the
office
，
the boss met with
many questioning eyes
c
．
Covered with
snow
，
the bamboo becomes more
attractive
．
d
．
To get ready
for the exam
，
you should
review every unit
．
Now
，
ask students
to summarize the rules against dangling modifiers
Summary
1.
Dangling
modifiers
may
appear
in
sentences
that
use
participle
verb
forms or infinitives to
modify the sentence subject.
2.
For a sentence
to be free from dangling modifiers,
1)
the present
participle must take the sentence subject as its
logical subject;
2)
the past participle must take the
sentence subject as its logical object;
3)
the infinitive
must take the sentence subject as its logical
subject.
Reference for the Classroom
Activities
1
．
a
．
The man who was very hungry
was forced to steal a loaf of
bread
．
b
．
Wearing
masks
，
they are sweeping the
floor
．
c
．
The
drivers are told on the radio to drive
carefully
．
d
．
People
don
’
t like to buy books with
hard covers in this
bookstore
．
e
．
I
spent almost two hours on this
exercise
．
f
．
She
happily
deposits
in
her
savings
account
the
money
she
has
earned
teaching English
．
2
．
a
．
Checking
carefully
，
they found a
serious mistake in the
design
．
b
．
Having almost
no money Oil mc
，
I have to
depend on my parents for
living
．
c
．
(correct)
d
．
Sealed in
plastic
，
the photo can be
kept for a much longer time
．
e
．
Having finished
an eight
—
hour
shift
，
I really need a good
sleep
．
f
．
Yellowed with
age
，
those newspaper
clippings are very hard(for me)to
read
．
g
．
While sleeping
in his bed
，
he was hit in the
head by a stone that crashed
through
the windowpane
．／
While he was sleeping in his
bed
，
a stone crashed through
the windowpane
and hit him in the
head
．
h
．
To
buy a good computer
，
you have
to take many factors into
consideration
．
i
．
(correct)
PART V
FOLLOW UP
EXERCISES
1
．
a
．
That you have to teach the same
textbook year after year
doesn
’
t mean that
you have to teach it in the same way
year after year
．
b
．
I doubt that
this machine can greatly improve your listening
ability within a
week
．
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