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英文中对“是”的翻译

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-17 14:39
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2021年2月17日发(作者:loverboy)





字句的翻译






字在汉语语法中称为判断词。





字句在汉语中占有非常重要的位置,可表示等同、类


属、存在、特征、让步、加强语义等多种意义,翻译成英语时也有许多选择,值得注意。



一、





字译为


“be”


< br>主语


+


系动词


+


表语是英语五大基本句型之一,而


be


在系动词中使用 频率最高。因此大多汉


语中的





,英语译成


be




英语句子结构:





SV / SVO/ SVOO/ SBP/ SVOC/ SVC



武汉是湖北省的省会,是华 中地区工业、金融、商业、科技、文化教育的中心。



Wuhan, as the capital of Hubei Province, is also the center of industry, trade, science, culture and


education in the area of the country.


原文用了两个





,均表示等同。

< br>



十亿多人口的中国是个巨大的市场,与各国的经济合 作有着广阔的前景。



Represent/embody/constitute



With


a


population


of


over


1.3


billion,


China


itself


represents


a


huge


market


that


holds


great


potential for countries looking for economic cooperation.


原文中





是表示特征的。




我不是不懂,是不想说。



Not that I didn’t understand it, but that I didn’t want to say anything.



原文中,



不是


”< /p>


的意思并非否定,而是用来加强



不懂< /p>



的语义;后面的




用来加强


< br>不想




的语义。




这些电子计算机是新华公司制造的。



These computers were made by Xinhua Company.




< p>





配合表示被动,翻译时要用被动语态。




是人,就会犯错误。



To err is human.


原文中的



是< /p>



的意思为



凡 是



,译文套用了英文成语


“To err is human.”


来表示



人非圣贤,孰


能无过?



的含义。< /p>



然而,不必凡





皆译


be


。现代汉语中,





字使用频率甚高,这要求我们在汉译英时力戒


照搬,力求有所变化;而汉语遣 词造句过程中的





字,除了表示判断之外,还可能根据它


所依托的主旨语境表达出多种意义来,< /p>


这就为我们汉译英时使用不同动词来表示





字的所


指提供了可能性。



二、





译为


remain/stay


,表示


continue to be


的意义




实现工业化仍然是我国现代化进程中艰巨的历史任务。



It


remains


an


arduous


historical


task


in


the


process


of


our


modernization


drive


to


accomplish


industrialization.



扩大就业是我国当前和今后长时期重大而艰巨的任务。



The task of increasing employment is arduous now and will remain so for a long time to come.



和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题。维护和平,< /p>


促进发展,


事关各国人民的福祉,是各国人民

的共同愿望,也是不可阻挡的历史潮流。



Peace and development remain the themes of our era. To preserve peace and promote development


bears


on


the


well-being


of


all


nations


and


represents


the


common


aspirations


of


all


people.


It


constitutes an irresistible trend of history.



remain


一词外,译文中还活用了


represe nt


一词,其词义是


correspond


to


sth.


in


essence


(



……


本质上符合


)


,与


common aspiration


构成动词和宾语的搭配,既避免 了三个





字的


机械性重复,又文从意顺,准确地传达了原文中的信息。



三、




”< /p>


译为


constitute


,表示


make up



form

< br>的意义




以上十条,是党领导 人民建设中国特色社会主义必须坚持的基本经验。



The


above-mentioned


10


principles


constitute


the


basic


experience


the


Party


must


follow


as


it


leads the people in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.



党的基层组织是党的全部工作和战斗力的基础。



The primary organizations of the Party serve as/function as/play the role of/act as/



its foundation


for doing all its work and building up its combat effectiveness.


Serve as/function as/act as/


Play the role of …



The primary organizations of the Party constitute its foundation for doing all its work and building


up its combat effectiveness.



建立健全同经济发展水平相 适应的社会保障体系,是社会稳定和国家长治久安的重要保证。



Establishing


and


improving


a


social


security


system


compatible


with


the


level


of


economic


development constitute an important guarantee for social stability and long-term peace and order


in the country.


上述 三句的共同之处在于,





字的功用是



构成


”< /p>




形成





组成



的意思。



四、


“< /p>




译为


ser ve



serve as



实现两岸直接通邮、通航和通商,是两岸同胞的共同利益所在。



As the direct links of mail



air and shipping services



and trade across the Taiwan Straits serve


/represent/embody / (are where) the interests of the compatriots on both sides (lie).



句中,


serve

< br>的意思是


comply with (


符合


)


,而


“serve the interests ”


正是



是共同利益所在





这是实现现代化建设 第三步战略目标必经的承上启下的发展阶段,


也是完善社会主义市场经

< br>济体制和扩大对外开放的关键阶段。



The


two


decades


of


development


will


serve


as


an


inevitable


connecting


link


for


attaining


the


third-step


strategic


objectives


for


our


modernization


drive/campaign


as


well


as


a


key


stage


to


improving the socialist market economy and opening wider to the outside world.


句中,


serve as


的意思是


function or act as (


充当


)


,译者把







也是



合一,由


w ill serve as


统领


inevitable connecting link



a key stage< /p>


,重在说明新世纪头二十年的重要性,准确地表


达了原文的信息焦 点。



五、





译为


mean


refer to/stand for/be defined as/be interpreted as/


表示


signify(


意指,意谓


)


的意思




与时俱进,就是党的全部理论和工作要体现时代性,把握规律 性,富于创造性。



Keeping pace with the times (refers to/stands for/ the fact that) means that all the theory and work


of the Party must conform to the times



follow the law of development and display great creativity.



团结就是力量,团结就是胜利。



Solidarity means strength



Solidarity means victory.



效率就是金钱,时间就是生命,坚持就是胜利。



Efficiency means money. Time means/refers to life. Perseverance means/stands for/can be defined


as victory.


Efficiency means money, time life and perseverance victory.


六、





的其他译法




创新是一个民族的灵魂,是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力,也 是一个政党永葆生机的源泉。




Innovation sustains the progress of a nation. It remains/serves as/ an inexhaustible motive force


for the prosperity of a country and the source of eternal vitality of a political party.



党的领导主要是政治、思想和组织领导。



Leadership


by


the


Party


mainly


refers


to/can


be


defined


as


its


political,


ideological


and


organizational leadership.



我们党的最大政治优势是密切联系 群众,党执政后的最大危险是脱离群众。



The biggest political advantage of our Party lies in its close ties with the masses while the biggest


potential danger for it as a ruling party comes from its divorce from them.



细读原文,两个


< br>是



字确实表示的是



在于




< p>
来自



之意。




就业是民生之本。


Employment has a vital bearing on /bears on/ the people’s livelihood.





民生之本




就是人 民赖以谋生的根基。


它不同于



水有源 ,


木有本






”(a tree has its root)



也不同于



胜利之本






”(the foundation of victory)




have a bearing on


意思是


have relation t o(



……


有关系

)



这种译法,


体现的不仅仅是译 好





字的 技巧。




地区性冲突仍然是世界安全与稳定的威胁。



译法


1.



Regional


conflicts


still


pose/constitute/form/make


up/


threats


to


the


security


and


stability


of


the


world.


译法



2.



Regional conflicts are still challenging the security and stability of the world.


Regional conflicts are still setting a challenge to the security and stability of the world.


Regional conflicts are still threatening the security and stability of the world.


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