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初中英语语法大全:8大时态

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2021-02-17 08:49
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2021年2月17日发(作者:joy)


2019


初中英语语法大全:


8


大时态一篇全搞定



英语八大时态:




01



一般现在时



标志:动词原形




1.


表示经常性或习惯性动作,常与表频度的时间状语连用:



She often speaks English.


I leave home for school at 7 every morning.


2.


表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等:



He seems to feel a bit down today.


He works as a driver.


3.


表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中:



Shanghai lies in the east of China.


Columbus proved that the earth is round.


Where there is a will, there is a way.


4.


表示现在瞬间的动作:



Here comes the bus!


5.


表示将来



1)

表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示



来、去、动、停、


开始、结束、继续



等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常


见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮 船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如:



The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.



How often does the shuttle bus run?


2)


在时间和 条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情:



When Bill comes (


不用


will come), ask him to wait for me.


I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.



02



一般过去时



标志:动词过去式





*


闭音节:元音字母


a, e, i, o, u


如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否则称为闭音节。



1.


表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,


常与表示过去的时间状语连用



e.g.


yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week,


once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past


等)。如:



Jim rang you just now.


Liu Ying was in America last year.


2.

< p>
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,


特别是


used to do


表达的句型,


本身表示的


就 是过去常常。如:



When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.


She used to visit her mother once a week.


*


注意区分


sb. used to do sth.


(某人过去常常做某事,此处


to


是动词不定式标志符号)和


sb. be used to


sth./doing sth.


(某人习惯于某物

< p>
/


做某事,此处


to


是介 词)。



3.


代替一般现在时,表示 一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用


于少数动词(如

want, hope, wonder, think, intend


等)及情态动词


could, would



如:



I wondered if you could have a word with me.


I hoped you could help me with my English.


Would you mind my sitting here?



4.


虚拟语气中用 一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有:



It is time that sb. did sth. “


某人该做某事了




would rather sb. did sth. “


宁愿某人做某事




03



一般将来时



标志:


will / shall +


动词原形



1.

表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(


e.g.


tomorrow, next week, in the future


等)。如:



We shall have a lot of rain next month.


My husband will come back in a few days.


2.


表示倾向性和习惯性:



Fish will die without water.


When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.


3.


一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析:



1) will / shall +


动词原形



多用于表达主观愿望或必定 会发生的事情(



将会如何





*shall


作助 动词时一般只用于第一人称



2) be going to +


动词原形



表示即将发生或打算要做的事:



It is going to rain.


We are going to have a meeting today.


3) be to +


动词原形



表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作:



He is to visit Japan next year.


We are to discuss the report on Monday.


4)


be about to +


动词原形



表示即将发生的动作,意为



马上要做某事


,后面一般不跟时间状语,如:



The plane is about to start.


Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.



04



现在进行时



标志:


be +


动词的现在分词



1.


表示说话时正在进行的动作:



She is writing a letter upstairs.


Who are you waiting for?


It is raining hard.


2.


表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行):



I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.


3.


表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包 含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,


通常与


always, constantly, continually, forever


等频度副词连用。如:



John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.


He is always thinking of others first.


4.


表示将来



1)

< br>表示按计划、


安排将要发生的动作,


仅适用于部分趋向动 词


(如


go, come, leave,


start, arrive


等)。如:



Uncle Wang is coming.


They're leaving for Beijing.



2)


在时间 和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如:



Please drop in when you are passing my way.


If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.



05



过去进行时



标志:


was / were +


动词的现在分词



1.

< p>
表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状


语有


the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year


等。如:



I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.


They were watching TV at home last night.


2.


表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往 往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情


绪,通常与


always, constantly, continually, forever


等频度副词连用。如:



My brother was always losing his keys.


3.


表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用 于部分趋向动词(如


go, come, leave, start, arrive


等)。如:



He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.


4.


过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背 景(一个长动作延续


的时候,另一个短动作发生):



Granny fell asleep when she was reading.


It was raining when they left the station.


06



现在完成时



标志:


have / has +


动词的过去分词



1.


表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的


状 况(表示



已完成


< br>)。如:


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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