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2019
初中英语语法大全:
8
大时态一篇全搞定
英语八大时态:
01
一般现在时
标志:动词原形
1.
表示经常性或习惯性动作,常与表频度的时间状语连用:
She often speaks English.
I
leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2.
表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等:
He seems to feel a bit down today.
He works as a driver.
3.
表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中:
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
Columbus proved that the earth is
round.
Where there is a will, there is
a way.
4.
表示现在瞬间的动作:
Here
comes the bus!
5.
表示将来
1)
表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示
“
来、去、动、停、
开始、结束、继续
”
等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常
见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮
船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如:
The next
train leaves at 3 o’clock this
afternoon.
How often does
the shuttle bus run?
2)
在时间和
条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情:
When Bill comes
(
不用
will come), ask him to
wait for me.
I shall go there tomorrow
unless I’m too busy.
02
一般过去时
标志:动词过去式
*
闭音节:元音字母
a, e, i,
o, u
如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否则称为闭音节。
1.
表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,
常与表示过去的时间状语连用
(
e.g.
yesterday, this morning, just now, a
moment ago, in May, last night / year / week,
once upon a time, the other day, before
…, when …, in the past
等)。如:
Jim rang you just now.
Liu
Ying was in America last year.
2.
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,
特别是
used
to do
表达的句型,
本身表示的
就
是过去常常。如:
When I was a kid, I
often played football in the street.
She used to visit her mother once a
week.
*
注意区分
sb.
used to do sth.
(某人过去常常做某事,此处
to
是动词不定式标志符号)和
sb. be used to
sth./doing sth.
(某人习惯于某物
/
做某事,此处
to
是介
词)。
3.
代替一般现在时,表示
一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用
于少数动词(如
want, hope, wonder, think, intend
等)及情态动词
could,
would
。
如:
I wondered if you could have a word
with me.
I hoped you could help me with
my English.
Would you mind my sitting
here?
4.
虚拟语气中用
一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有:
It is time that sb. did sth.
“
某人该做某事了
”
would rather sb. did sth.
“
宁愿某人做某事
”
03
一般将来时
标志:
will / shall +
动词原形
1.
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(
e.g.
tomorrow, next week, in the
future
等)。如:
We
shall have a lot of rain next month.
My
husband will come back in a few days.
2.
表示倾向性和习惯性:
Fish will die without water.
When it gets warmer, the snow will
start to melt.
3.
一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析:
1) will / shall +
动词原形
多用于表达主观愿望或必定
会发生的事情(
“
将会如何
”
)
*shall
作助
动词时一般只用于第一人称
2) be going to
+
动词原形
表示即将发生或打算要做的事:
It
is going to rain.
We are going to have
a meeting today.
3) be to +
动词原形
表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作:
He is to visit Japan next year.
We are to discuss the report on Monday.
4)
be about to +
动词原形
表示即将发生的动作,意为
“
马上要做某事
”
,后面一般不跟时间状语,如:
The plane
is about to start.
Don’t worry. I am
about to make a close examination on
you.
04
现在进行时
标志:
be +
动词的现在分词
1.
表示说话时正在进行的动作:
She
is writing a letter upstairs.
Who are
you waiting for?
It is raining hard.
2.
表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行):
I hear Mr. Green is writing another
novel.
3.
表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包
含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,
通常与
always,
constantly, continually,
forever
等频度副词连用。如:
John is forever asking silly questions
like a stupid.
He is always thinking of
others first.
4.
表示将来
1)
< br>表示按计划、
安排将要发生的动作,
仅适用于部分趋向动
词
(如
go, come, leave,
start,
arrive
等)。如:
Uncle
Wang is coming.
They're leaving for
Beijing.
2)
在时间
和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如:
Please drop in when you are passing my
way.
If he is still sleeping, don’t
wake him up.
05
过去进行时
标志:
was / were +
动词的现在分词
1.
表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状
语有
the whole morning, all day yesterday,
from January to March last
year
等。如:
I was
having a talk with Lucy at that time.
They were watching TV at home last
night.
2.
表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往
往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情
绪,通常与
always,
constantly, continually,
forever
等频度副词连用。如:
My brother was always losing his keys.
3.
表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用
于部分趋向动词(如
go, come, leave, start,
arrive
等)。如:
He
said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.
4.
过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背
景(一个长动作延续
的时候,另一个短动作发生):
Granny fell asleep when she was
reading.
It was raining when they left
the station.
06
现在完成时
标志:
have / has +
动词的过去分词
1.
表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的
状
况(表示
“
已完成
”
< br>)。如:
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