-
人
教
版
八
< br>年
级
英
语
下
册
u
n
i
t
8
单
元
p>
知
识
点
归
纳
总
结
精品文档
Unit 8
知识点总结
Section A
1. Have you read Little Woman yet?
你读过《小妇人》这本书吗?
【解析】现在完成时
现在完成时的基本句型:
肯定式:主语
+
助动词
have/has +
动词的过去分词
.
疑问式:助动词
Have/Has
+
主语
+
动词的过去分词
?
否定式
:
主语
+
助动词
have/has + not +
动词的过去分词
现在完成时的主要用法
1.
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和副词
alrea
dy, yet,
never, ever ,before
,just
等连用。
.
I
have finished my homework. I am free
(
我已经完成了家庭作业
,
对现在造成的
结果是很有空
)
2.
表示过去已经开始
,
持续到现在的动作或状态
.
常与
< br>since +
过去的时间点,
for +
一段时间,
so far
等时间状语连用。
I
have learnt English for more than ten years.
我已经学了
10
多年的英语。
(
从
10
年前开始
,
持续到现在还在学
)
She has swum since half an
hour ago.
我已经游泳了半个小时
(
半个小时前已经开始游泳
,
到现在还在游
)
already/
yet
的区别:
a
)
already
往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强
调或加强语气;
yet
用于否定
句和疑问句。
He has already left here.
他已经离开这里了。
My
teachers haven
’
t had
breakfast yet.
我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
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Have you
written to your parents yet?
【成都】
45.
—Jack,
let’s go to see the movie Harry Potter.
—Oh, I ______ it
many times. So I don’t want to see it.
A. have seen B.
see C. will see
【广】
33.
—Why don’t
you g
o to the movie with me, Betty?
—
Because I ______ it before.
A. saw B. have
seen C. see
’s it like?
它怎么样?
【解析】某物怎么样?
What’s
+
物
+like? How+be +
物?
某人怎么样?
What’s
+
人
+like?
用来提问人的性格
What do / does +
人
+ look
like?
用来提问人的外表。
【黑龙江齐齐哈尔】
—
What
does Anna look like?
—
_________.
A. She’s kind B. She’s tall C.
She likes skating
3.
Oliver Twist
is about a boy who went out to sea and found an
Island
full of
treasures.
《雾都孤儿》
讲的是一个小男孩出海并发现了一个满是珠宝的小岛的
故事。<
/p>
【解析】
full of
充满
be full of = be
filled with
充满
【山东莱芜】
If you read a lot,
your life will be full ___ pleasure. A. by B.
of
C .for D. with
4.
It’s about four sisters
growing
up.
它讲述的是四个姐妹的成长故事。
【解析】
grow up
长大;成长
I grew up in
Beijing.
grow into
长大成为
Mary grew into a
beautiful girl.
5. You
should
hurry up
.
你得快点。
【解析】
hurry up
赶快;急忙(做某事)
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(
用在口语中,用来催促别人快走)
in a hurry
匆忙地
hurry to do sth
匆忙去做
hurry
off
匆忙离开
I'm in a hurry.
我很
赶。
6. The book report is
due
in two weeks.
读书报告两周后就要到期了。
【解析
1
】
due adj.
预期;预定
,
通常只用作表语。
be due to do sth
预期做某事
You are due to hand in your
composition on Friday afternoon.
【解析
2
】
in two weeks
“两周之后”,
in
意为“在
......
以后”,
“
in+
一段时间”用在一般将来时的
句子中,意为“在
......
(时间)后”。
He will be back in a week.
一周之后,他将回来。
【注意】:
after
常用在一般过去式的句子中。
He got to Beijing after two hours.
他是两个下时候到北京的。
7.
When I first arrived on this island , I had
nothing.
当我第一次到这个岛上的时候,我一无所有。
【解析】
nothing
没有什么;没有东西
用法:(
1
)不定代词,意为“什么也没有,
没有东西”。相当于
n
ot…anything.
There is nothing in
the fridge. She has nothing to do .
(2)
当有修饰词来修饰
nothing
等不定代词时,要放在不定代词后面。
修饰词可以是形容词、动词不定式等。
I want something to drink.
I have nothing special to tell you.
(
3
)在英语中,不定代词有:
something
anything everything
everyone everybody someone
anyone
somebody anybody
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no one nothing nobody
Would you like ___________ (
吃的东西
)
?
【北京
4
】
---Tom,
supper is ready.
----I don't want to
eat____________ ,Mum. I'm not feeling well.
A. everything B. nothing
C. something
D. anything
【莱芜
3
】
A
smile costs ________, but gives so much.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing
D
.everything
8. I’ve
brough
t back many things I
can use
—
food
and drink ,tools , knives and
guns.
我带回许多我能用的东西
——
食物、饮料、工具、刀和枪、
【解析】
bring
带来
【辨析】
fetch/ bring/ take
(1)fetch v
去拿来
=get
去(某地)
拿来(讲话者处)
(2)bring (brought, brought) v
带来从(某地)拿到(讲话者处)
bring up
养育,养大
bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb.
给某人带某物
(3) take
v
带来
从(讲话者)拿走
take
→
took
→
taken
【短语】
take care
小心
take charge of
负责,看管
take
hold of
握住
take off
脱下
take out
取出
take a look
看一看
take away
拿走
take exercise
做运动
take it easy
不紧张
take one’s
time
从容不迫
(
)
①
—Oh ,I’ve left
my schoolbag in the classroom.
—
Don’t worry.
I’ll ___it
for you.
A. bring
B. get C. carry D. take
( )
②
The teacher told the
students ____ any food into the classroom .
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A. not to bring B. not bring C.
don’t bring D. to bring not
(
)
③
—
Don’t forget
____ your history and politics books tomorrow
morning.
A. bring B.
to bring C. bringing
【湖北荆州】
—
Sam, my
iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you ___ it for me?
—
No problem.
A. bring
B. fetch
C. take
D. carry
【浙江】
—I’ve left my keys in
the meeting room. Please ___them for
me.
—
All
right.
A. buy B.
paint C. wash D. fetch
【黑龙江】-
I’m sorry, Mr Li. I
______ my English homework at home.
-
Don’t forget ____ it to
school tomorrow.
A. left, to bring B. forgot, to take
C. lost, to bring
else
is on my
island?
是谁在我的岛上?
【解析】
else
其他的;别的
【辨析】
other /else (1)other
adj.
“别的;其他的”
修饰
n.
放名词前作定语。
On the
other hand “
另一方面
”
(2) else
adj.
“别的;其他的”
放疑问词或不定代词之后。
①
. What _____ do you want to
say?
②
. What ______ thing
do you want? A. other B. others C. else
D. till
③
. There
is _______in his home.
A. other nothing
B. nothing other C. else nothing D. nothing
else
【娄底
2
】
9.
—
What did you
do last night?
—
I
_________TV and read books.
A. watch B. watched C. have
watched
10. I saw some cannibals trying
to kill two men from a broken ship.
我看见一些食人族正试图杀死来自一艘破船上的两个人。
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【解析】
see sb. Doing sth
看见某人正在做某事
see sb. do sth
看见某人做了某事
【黔东南州】
When I passed the
classroom, I heard a girl ____ in it.
A. sing B. losing C. sang D. singing
11. How long have they been here?
他们来这里多久了。
【解析】
have been (in)
待在某地
⑴
have/has gone
to
“到某地去”,说话时该人不在现场,
—
Where is Jim
?
———
吉姆在哪里?
—
He
has gone to England
.
———
他去英国了。(尚未回来)
⑵
have/has been
to
“曾经去过某地”,现在已不在那里了,
后可接次数,如
once
,
twice
,
three times
等,表示“去过某地几次”,
也可和
just
,
< br>never
,
ever
等连用。
My
father has been to Beijing
twice
.我父亲去过北京两次。
⑶
have been
in
表示“在某地呆了多少时间”,常与时间段状语连用。
I have been in
Shanghai for three
years
.我到上海已有三年了
【
江苏常州
1
】
—
Why are you worried?
—I’m expecting a call from my daughter.
She
______ New for three days.
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. has been in D. has come in
【湖北孝感
1
】
—I’d like you to tell me something
about Shen Non
gjia.
—I’m sorry, but neither Jack nor I ____
there.
A. have been
B. had been C. have gone D. has gone
【天津
2
】
—
Is Tom at home?
—
No, he ______ to town.
A. has been B. has gone
C. goes D. will go
12. One
of them died but
the other
ran
towards
my house.
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他们中的一个人死了,另一个朝我的房子这边跑过来了。
p>
【解析
1
】
the
other
另一个
词条
other
含义
泛指其他的人、物
用法
作形容词或代词,其后接名词的
复
数形式
the other
指两个人或物中的一个
通常用于固定短语
one... The other
...
中
others
泛指另外几个,其余的
是
other
的复数形式,在句中作主
语、宾语
p>
the others
another
其他东西;其余的人们
其他的;再一个;另一个
特指某一范围的“其他的人或物”
只能用于三个或更多的人或物
【孝感
3
】
22. My family
has two dogs. One is white, ________ is black.
A. other
B.
another
C. the other
D. ot
hers[
来源
:
学科网
]
【解析
2
】
towards
prep
.
朝;
向;对着(移向某处,只表方向)
go/ walk t
owards ... “
走向
......”
drive towards ... “
向
.....
开去
”
She was walking towards the town when
I met her.
【湖北黄冈】
In a
basketball match, players move
________(
朝向)
one end of the
court while throwing the ball to each
other.
【辨析】
towards / to
towards
to
表示“向着某个方向”,没有“到达”之意
一般接在
come, go, move
等动词之后,表示“向、往”,有
“到达”之
意。
13. I
named
his
Friday because that was the day I met him.
我给他起名叫“星期五”、
因为我是在(星期五)那天遇到了他。
【解析】
name v
命名
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n.
名字;名称
adj.
位于所修饰的名词之后
, “
名为
p>
......
的
” =
named
【
2011
甘肃】
The student __________(name)
Wang Lin is my example in English
learning.
14. Would you like something
to drink?
你想喝点东西吗?
【解析】
Would you like…?
一、
would like“
想要、愿意
”
,
=w
ant
意思接近,
比
want
语气委婉、客气。后接名词、代词宾格或动词不定式。
其中
wou
ld
是情态动词,常可缩写为
’d
Lucy would like some
eggs.
露茜想要一些鸡蛋。
We
’d like to watch TV after
school.
放学之后,我们想要看电视。
二、
would
like
的固定句型
1.
Would you like some …?
你想要一些
…
…
吗?
该句型常用于征求对方的意见。
肯定回答常用
“Yes,
please.”
,
否定回答常用
“No,
thanks.”
需要特别注意的是,在该句型中要用
some
,而不用
any
,以表示说话人希望得
到肯定回答。
——
Would you like some
apples?
你想要一些苹果吗?
——
Yes, please.
是的,我想要。
——
No, thanks.
不,谢谢。
2. Would
you like to do sth ?
你愿意去做
…
…
吗?
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该句型表示向对方有礼貌地
提出建议或发出邀请,其中
like
可用
love
替换。
——
Would you like/ love to
play football with
me?
你想要和我一起踢足球吗?
——Yes, I’d like / love to.
是的,我非常愿意。
——I’d
like/ love to. But I’m too
busy.
我非常愿意,但我太忙了。
3. Would like to do sth.
想要做某事;
Would
like sb. to do sth.
想要某人去做某事。
He
would like to go out for a
walk.
他想要出去散步。
Our
parents would like us to study
well.
我们的父母想要我们好好学习。
< br>【黑龙江齐齐哈尔
3
】
.
-
Would you like some dumplings
for lunch?
-
______ .
A. Yes, please
B. Sure, I’d love to
C. No, thanks
【广东湛江
3
< br>】
.
—
Would you
like some noodles?
—
____. I am not hungry
now.
A. You are welcome B. Yes, please C. No,
thanks D. Here you are
【福建泉州
< br>1
】
—
Would you like me to help
you with the housework ?
—
_______. But I can manage
it myself.
A. That’s
very kind of you
B. The same to
you C. Take it easy
14. Every time
she is in the library , Sally looks at the many
books she hasn’t
read
(not read ) yet and she
can’t
wait to
read them!
每次在图书馆,当萨利
<
/p>
看到那些她没读过的书的时候,她总是迫不及待地想要去读它们。
【解析】
can’t wait to do sth
迫不及待地做某事
wait
v
等,等候,等待
→
waiter n
侍者
⑴
wait for
等候
(后接名词、代词)
Please wait for me
at the gate.
Wait a moment!
等一等。
be kept waiting
一直等着。
keep sb. waiting
=
make sb.
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