关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

英语中常见介词用法总结

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-17 07:26
tags:

-

2021年2月17日发(作者:signs)


英语中常见介词用法总结



一、



About


1.


着手




动词


+about+sth.



about


在此表示



论及,谈起,涉及,



等意思:



arrange about


安排,



argue about


辩论


,ask about


询问,



bring about


带来,



chat about


闲聊,



care about


在意,



co mpla


in about


报怨,


go about


着手,


hear about


听说



in quire about


打听



know about


了解,


quarrel about


争论,


r ead about




U, see about


负责处理,



set about


开始


,speak about


谈起


,talk about


谈论


,think about


考虑


,trouble a bout


担心,


tell about


讲述,


worry about


着急。现举例说明其中一些短语的用法:



She in quired about my brother.


她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。



I must set about my pack in g.


我必须开始收拾行装。



What are you chatti ng about


你们在聊什么呢



2.


be +


形容词


+about+sth .



about


在此意思是

< p>


为…,对…”接表原因的词:



be anxious about


为??着急


,be bad about


对??感到不舒服,



be busy about


忙于…


,be careful about


小心…


,be certain


about


对…有把握


,be concerned about


关心…


,be crazy about


为…发狂,


be excited about


为??感到激动


,be happy ab out


为…而高兴


,be mad about


为…发疯,


be nervous about


对??感到紧张


,be particular about


挑剔




,be pleased abou t


为??


兴奋,


be strict about


对…严格,


be thoughtful about


对??考虑周到的,



看例句:



What have you bee n busy about today


今天在忙些什么



You are certai nly very thoughtful about others.


你为别人想得太周到了。



I


'


m strictbout such things.


对这些事我是很严格的。



注:


come about


发生,


get about


(


疾病、谣言


)


流行,



turn about


转身,



be uneasy about


为…感受到不安。请



leave about


到处乱放,


lie about


随便堆放,


put about

打扰


;


传播,



put oneself about


使…发愁。这些词组中



?


二、



After


1.


动词


+


after


。介词


after




追赶,问候,效仿




之意:


ask


after


问候



be

< p>
after


寻求


,do(sth.)after< /p>


学着做,


go


after


设法得



,inquire after


问候


,look after


寻找


,run after


追求


,seek after


追逐


,take after


长得像。例如:



Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl frie nd.


他每天下午都打电话问候他的女朋友。



The boy takes after his father.


这男孩长得像他父亲。



The dogs went after the wou nded deer.


一群狗在追赶那只受伤的鹿。



构成的 其它短语。


after


在不同的短语中意思各异:



after a little/moment/while


过了一会,



after all


毕竟


,after dark


天黑以后,



after one


'


s hea


rt


的心


,after school


one after another


一个接一



about


作副词,此时



about


不能接宾语。



放学后,



after service


售后服务,



after the fashion


勉强,



day after day


日复一日,




,


year after year


年复一年。例如:



Don


'


t be too trict with him. After all he is still a child.


不要太苛刻了,毕竟他还是个孩子。



He can speak and write English after a fashion.


他多少会说和写一点英语,但不太好。



三、


At


1.



动词


+ at



at


表示



指向某一目标,到达某地



”:


arrive at


抵达


,call at


访


问某地



catch at(it)


当场抓住


,come at






fire at


向??开火


,glanee at


瞟一眼



glare at


怒目而视



grieve at


忧伤,


knock


at



,laugh at


嘲笑



look at


看一眼



p ull at


拉扯


,rejoice at


对…高兴,


smile at


向某人微笑


,shoot at


朝??射击


,stare at


怒目


而视


,thrust at


刺向


,tear at



, tremble at


颤抖,


wonder at


吃惊,


work at


工作。例如:



Don


'


t let me catch you aga in at it.


不要再让我当场逮住你。



We must



shoot the arrow at the target


我们必须有的放矢。



They trembled at the sight of the peasa nt


看到农民的梭标,他们阵阵发抖。





be angry at

< p>
恼怒于



be



2.


be +


形容词


/


过去分词


+ at


。其中< /p>


at


表示



情绪、情感的原因,或对某物具有某种感情



alarmed at


对??保持警觉


,be astonished at


对??吃惊


,


be bad at


不擅长


,


be clever at


对某事很灵巧



be delighted at




兴,


be disgusted at


厌恶


,be disappo in ted at


对…失望,


be good at


擅长


,be impatie nt at


对…不够耐心


,be mad at




热于


,be


pleased at


对??感到高兴


,be present at


岀席


,be satisfied at


满意


,be surprised at


吃惊


,be shocked at


对??非



常震惊,


be


terrified at


受到…的恐吓


,be quick at


对…很机敏。例如:



They were overjoyed at his return to work.


他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。



They are alarmed at the growth of the liberati on moveme nt in the coloni es.


他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。



+


名词构成的词组:



at a distanee


在一定距离,


at a loss


不知所措,



at a time


一次,


at all


一点也不,


at any cost


不惜一切代价,



at best


最好也只是,


at first


起初,


at ha nd


手头,


at heart


在内心


里,



at home


在家;无拘束,



at last


最后,


at least


至少,


at most


最多,


at once


马上,


at present




前,


at sea


不知所措,


at times


有时,


at will


任意地,


at work


起作用,


at worst


最坏。



4.


其它含有


at


的短语:


wo rk hard at


勤奋工作,


drop in at


顺路拜访。



四、


For


1.


动词


+for


a)


动词


+for



for


表原因、目



的:



account for


解释;说明


,answer for


对…负责


,apply for


申请;请求


,apologize for


为…而道歉


,beg for


请求


,call for


要求


,care for


在意


,enter for


报名参力廿


,fight for


为…而战


,hope for


希望



inquire for


查询;求



,leave for


离开某地到另一地



look for


寻找



long for


盼望


,mistake for


误认为



plan for


计划做某事



prep are for


为??作


准备


,provide for


为??提供


,reach for


伸手去拿


,run for


竞选


,stand for


象征


,search for


搜寻


,send for




人去请



speak for


陈述


意见、愿望



ta ke for


当作



wish for


希望



wait for


等待。例如:



His illness accounts for his absenee.


他因病缺席。



The baby reached for the apple but could n


那婴儿伸手去苹果,但够不着。



He who would search for pearls must dive below.


要想找到珍珠,必须潜到海底。



b)


动词


+sb.+ for +sth.



for


表示原因或目的:



ask for


要求得到


,blame for


因…责备



excuse for


宽恕



forgive for


谅解




pardon for


原谅


,pay for


花钱买


,praise for


称赞


,punish for


对…进行惩罚


,push for


催逼,


reward for


酬谢


,thank for


对??表示谢


意。例如:



Please excuse me for my being late.


请原谅我的迟到。



Forgive me for my keep ing you wait ing.


请见谅,让你久等了。



2.


be +


形容词


+for



for


表作用、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等:< /p>



be anxious for


急于做



be eager for


渴望



be bad f


or


有害于


,be convenient for


便于


,be good for



U



,be famous for


以??岀名


,be fit for


适合于


,be grateful for


对??心



存感



,be impatient for


对??不耐烦


,be late for


迟至


U, be necessary for


有必要


,be ready for


作好准备


,be sorry for


为…而后悔


,be


responsible for


对…负责


,be suitable for


适合于


,be unfit for


不适合


,be useful for


对…有作用。例



如:



He is eager for success.


他渴望成功


+


名词构成的词组:



for all


尽管,


for a so ng


非常便宜地,


for certain


确切地,


for compa ny


陪着,


for ever


永远,


fo


r example


例如,


for fear


以免,


for fair


肯定地,


for free


免费,


for fun


为了好玩,



for good


永远,


for instanee




方,


for luck


祝福,


for life


终身,


for long


长久,


for nothing


白白地,


for onee


有生第一次,


for oneself


替自己,


fo r pleasure


为了消遣,


for


reason


因为??理由,


for sale


供岀售,


for shame


真不害臊,


for short


简称,


for sport




玩,


for sure


确切地。



4.


动词


+


副词


/


名词


+for


构成的短语:


be in for


将遇到,


make up for


弥补,


go in for


从事,


l o ok out for


提防,


take sth. for


granted


把…当作理所当然



have an ear for


音感好


,have a gift for


有某方面的天赋。



五、



From


1.


动词



+from


a




动词


+ from



from


表示



来源、原因、起始



等:


come from


来自


,date from


追溯



depart from


违背



die from





,escape from


逃岀



fall from




…跌落


,hang from


垂挂


,hear from


收到来信


,lear n from


向某人学习



‘return from




某地返


回,


rise from


自…冒岀


‘result from


起因于



suffer from


忍受。例如:



All the characters in the book are draw n from real life.


书中所有的人物都来自于真实的生活。



Any damage result ing from n eglige nee must be paid for by the borrower.


因疏忽引起的任何损坏都应由借用者负责



赔偿。



He has recovered from his surprise.


他好不容易回过神来。



b




动词



+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place



from


表示



来源、免于



等:


borrow from


向??借


,choose from


选自



excu


se from


免除


,keep from


阻止做


,prevent from


不准做


,protect from


不受??之害


,receive from


收至


U ,remove from




动;除



,save from


保全;拯救


,separate from


分离开来


,stop from


阻止。例如:



He was excused from atte ndance at the lecture.


他获准可不去听课。



Stop the child from spoil ing the book.


不要让孩子弄坏了书。



2.


be +


形容词


+ from


。此时


from


含义众多:


be absent from


缺席


,be different from


与众不同


,


be far from


更不用说


,


be hidden


from


躲避


,be made from


用??制成


,be tired from


因??而疲倦。例如:



The boy can


'


t walk and is far from runnir



.


男孩不会 走路,更不用说跑了。




to


…本短语表示从一种状态到另一状态的变化或从



??到…:


from bad to worse


每况愈下,


from beginning to end


from door to do


自始至终,



from cover to cover


从头到尾,



from China to Peru


< br>U


处,


from day to day


一天一天地,



or


挨家挨户,



from end to end


从头至尾,



from first to last


自始至终,



from hand to mouth


勉强糊冢琭



rom head t o foot



头到脚,



from mouth to mouth


广泛流传,



from sun to sun


从日岀到日落,



from start to finish


从头开始,



from top to toe



头到脚,



from time to time


不时地,


from top to bottom


彻底地。



?


六、



In



1.


动词


+in


a



动词


+ in


o


in


在短语中的含义异常丰富:



believe in


信任



break in


碎成,


bring in


引起;产生;带来



call in


下令



收回


,


fill in


填充


,get in


收获


,


hand in


上缴



in volve in


涉及



lie in


在于



‘result in


导致


,


share in


共享


,succeed in


成功


,


t ake in


卷起;订阅



turn in


归还当局。例如:



He was so short of mo ney that he had to call in the loans that he had made.


他很缺乏资金,不得不收回所有的款




The gover nment is resp on sible for the n ati on


子。



政 府负责


e


民众勺福利



Your failure lies in your laziness.


你失败的原因在于懒惰。



Orders are given to take in sail.


已发布收帆的命令。



b



动词



+sb./time/money+ in


。介词



in


后接(


doing




sth.


:


help sb. in


帮助某人做某事



,spare time/money in


匀岀时



间或钱做


某事


,spend time/money in


花时间或钱做某事




waste time/money in


浪费时间或钱做某事。例如:



She offered to help him in the housekeepi ng whe n I am n ot here.


她提岀,我不在家时她可以帮助他料理家务。



2.


be +


形容词


+ in


< br>in


表示



在某些方面或穿着



”:


be active in


活跃于


,be absorbed in


专心致志



be busy in


忙碌



be bor n in


岀生于


,be concerned in


牵涉


,be clothed in


穿着


,be disappo in ted in


对…失望


,be dilige nt in


勤于


,be experie n ced in


在??有经



,be employed in


任职于


,be engaged in


忙碌


,be expert in


某方面的专家



,be excellent in


在…优秀


,b e interested in


对??有兴



,be lacking in


缺乏


,be rich in


富有


,be slow in


迟缓


,be successful in


在某方面成功



,be skille d in


精于


,be strict in


严于


,be weak in


弱于。例如:



She was completely absorbed in her own affairs.


她完全专注于自己的事务。



More tha n one person has bee n concerned in this.


不只一人牵涉到这件事。



3.


in +


名词。


in

< br>表示



处于某种状态或在某些方面




等意思:


in advanee


提前


,in all


总共,


in balanee


总而言之,


in b


ed


卧床,


in body


亲自,


in brief


简明扼要,


in case


万一



in charge


主管,


in dan ger


有危险



in debt


负债



in despair


失望


,in


force


大量地;有效,


in full


全部地



in flower


开花


,in general


一般说来



in itself


本身



in love


恋爱



in order


井然有序



in


person


亲自



in public


公开地



in progress


有进展



in practice


从实践上看



in rags


穿着破衣



in research


探索



in return

< p>


为报答



in ruins


—片废墟


,in short


总之


,in theory


从理论上看



in trouble


有麻烦



in tears


眼泪汪汪


,i n time


及时


,in turn


按顺序


,in


vain


白白地


,


in view


看得见。



注意下列几个词组中的



in


为副词:


check in


到达登记,


cut in


插嘴,


count in


包括


,draw in


时间接近



drop in


顺路



拜访


,give in


屈服



pour in


源源而来。



?


七、



Of



1.


动词


+of


a




动词< /p>


+of



of


意 为



有关,由于”:


beg of



sb.



请求某 人



complain of


抱怨,


consist of


由…构成



die of


死于



dream of


梦想


,hear of


听说


,know of


了解


,speak of


谈及


,tell of


讲到


,think of


想起


,talk of


论及。例如:



Never has one of them complai ned of all the trouble we give.


从来没有人抱怨我们带来这么多麻烦。



Carbon dioxide con sists of carb on and oxyge n.


二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素组成。



b




动词< /p>


+sb.+of+sth.


。其中


of< /p>


有剥夺,有关



之意:

accuse of


控告(谴责,非难)某人




cheat of


骗走



deprive of




,inform of


汇报



rob of


抢走



remi nd of


提醒



warn of


警告。例如:



He has cheated me of my poverty.


他骗走了我的财产。



They are deprived of their rights as citize ns.


他们的公民权都被剥夺了。



c



动词


+sth.+ of +sb.


。介词


of


表动宾关系,后接动作的宾 语



sb.


:


request of


请求



某人做某事



,require of


要求得到。例如:



All I request of you is that you should come here early.


我唯一的请求就是希望你早点来。



You have done all the law requires of you.


你做的这一切都是法律对你的要求。



2.


be +


形容词


+ of


< br>of


后接表对象或目标的词,这类短语有很多:



be aware of


觉察


,be ashamed of


以??为耻


,be afraid of


担心


,be bare of


没有


,be careful of


小心


,be clear of


还清债




,be certain


of


确信


,be composed of




…构成


,be envious of


嫉妒


,be forgetful of


健忘


,be fond of


喜欢


,be free of


免于;摆脱


,be full of


充满


,be


guilty of


认罪


,be hopeful of


抱有希望


,be in formed of


汇报


,be impatie nt of


对…无耐




,be jealous of


嫉妒


,be made of




…制



,be mindful of


留意


,be proud of


以…为骄傲


,be sick of


烦于


,be short of





,be sure of


确信


,be tired of


困于


,be worthy of



得。



+


名词构成的词组:



of age


成年



of choice


精选的,


of course


当然


,of late


最近,


of name


有名的,


of oneself


自动



地,


of purpose


有意地,


of use


有用,


of values


有价值的。



八、



On




1.


动词


+on


a




??有作用



bring on


促使;导致



call on




访某人


,count on


依赖



carry on


执行


,depend on


取决



feed on


以…为生


figure on


料想;推断



go on


继续



have on


穿





insist on


坚持


,keep on


继续


,lean on


依赖


,live on


以…为生


,pull on


迅速穿上


,put on


穿上


,switch on


接通(电



源)



take to


喜欢;养成;轻易学会,



turn on


接通(电源)



work on


操作



wait on


侍候。例如:



This ki nd of medici ne acts on the heart.


这种药对心脏有好处。



The fine weather bri ngs on the crops ni cely.


好天气促使庄稼长势良好。



We cou nt on you to help.


我们有赖你的帮助。



b




动词< /p>


+sb.



sth.


+ on +sb.



sth.




on


的意 思是



以…,对…,在某方面”:


base on


以…为基础


,con gratulate on


恭贺


,fi


动词


+ on


。介词

< br>on


表示



凭借,产生某结果,接通




等意思:


act on



x on


固定



have mercy on


怜悯


,have pity on


怜惜



keep watch on


监视



spend on


把时间、精力花在某方面。例如:



Theory


should be based on practice.


理论联系实际。



Con gratulate on your success in the competiti on.


恭喜你竞赛获得成功。



+


形容词



+on


的词组:



be dependent on


依赖


,be hard on


对某人苛刻



,be impressed on


对??印象深刻


,be keen on





,be


strict on


对…严格。例如:



We can


'


t just be dependent on our parents.


我们不能只依赖父母。



He is keen ongoing abroad.


他渴望岀国。



+

名词构成的词组:


on


表示处于某种状态或在某个方位:< /p>



on board


乘(车



飞机)



on call


听候召唤



on duty


值班




on earth



U



,on fire


着火


,on foot


步行,


on guard


在岗,


on hire


雇用,


on holiday


度假,


on leave


休假,



on one


'


s knees





on one


'


s w


在…的路上



on purpose


故意


,on sale


待售,


on shore


在岸上



on time


准时


,on the move





,on the other


hand


另一方面


,on the spot


当场


,on the tip of one


'


s torrgu


要说岀口



, on top of


在…的顶部,



on watch


值班。



九、


To


1.


动词


+to


a




动词


+ to


。介词

< br>to


意为



达到,指向



等:


adjust to


适应



attend to


处理;照料



agree to


赞同



amount to


加起来



达…,


belong to


属于


,come to


达到


,drink to


为??干杯,


get to


到达


,happen to


发生在某人身上



,hold to


紧握


,lead t o


通向



listen to




occur to


想起


,object to


反对


,point to


指向



respond to


回答


,refer to


参考;指的是



…;涉及


,re ply to


回答



see to




,stick to


坚持



turn to


求助



write to


给某人写信。例如:



She must lear n to adjust herself to En glish life.


她必须学会适应英国的生活。



Bus in ess has to be atte nded to.


有事要办。



An idea occurred to me.


我想岀一个办法。



b




语时须在动词后加介词



动词



+sth.



+to +sb.


。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语



sb.


,要接间接宾


to


:


announee to




知某人



describe to


向某人描述



explain to


向某人解释



express to


对某人表达



mention to


提及



nod to


向某人点




‘report


to


报告



say to


告知



shout to


对某人大叫



suggest to


对某人提建议


,speak to


与某人交谈



talk to


跟某人



谈话


,whisper to



某人低声耳语。例如:



She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.


她跟我向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。



c






+sth./sb.+ to + sth./sb.


。此时介词


to


可译 成



到,于,给



等意思


:


add to


增加


,compare to


比作


,carry to




送至


,devote to


致力于


,introduce to


介绍给


,invite to


邀请参加


,join to


连接到


,leave to


委托给


,reduce to


下降至


,se ntence to


判处


,take to


带到。例


如:



Please add a piece of candy to coffee.


请给咖啡加块糖。




Poets like to compare life to stage.


诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。



2.


be +


形容词


/

过去分词


+ to



to


的意思是



对…”:


be alive to


觉察;晓得



be attentive to


注意;留心



be awake to


知晓



be


blind to


缺乏眼光


,be close to


紧挨着


,be common to


对某人来说很普通




be contrary to


违反;反对



be dev oted to


致力


,be


deaf to


不愿意听


,be equal to


有…的力量


,be exposed to


暴露;遭受


,be fair to


对??公平


,be familiar to


对某人来说熟悉


,be


grateful to


对某人心存感激


,be good to


对…有好处



be harmful to


对…有危害


,be important t o


对…重要



be kind to


友好对待



be known to


周知于


,be married to


嫁给



be moved to


转移至


U , be near to


靠近


,be ne cessary to


对…有必要


,be opposite to



对面


,be opposed to


反对


,be pleasant to


合某人之意



,be proper to


专属


,be polite to


礼貌待人



,be rude to


粗暴对待


,be relative to




…有关


,be strange to


不习惯


,be similar to


类似


,be suitable t o


适合


,be true to


忠实


,be thankful to


感激


,be useful to


对??有



,be used to


习惯。例如:



Are you alive to what is goi ng on


你注意到发生什么事了吗



The old man was not equal to the situatio n.


那老人不能应付这种情况。



His house is opposite to mine.


他的房子在我的房子对面。



+


名词构成的词组有:



to a degree


在某种程度上



to date


到现在为止


,to one


'


s fee


起来,


to one


'


s mil


照??看来


, to one


'


s


surpri


f


e


??吃惊


,to one


'


s ta


符合胃口



, to on eself


独自享用


,to order


定做


,to the letter


不折不扣地


,to t he point


中肯地。



介词



介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。 介词分为三种,一种是简单介词,如



短语介词,即由两个以上的词组组成的短语,如



词,女口



until after, from behind


等。



(一)



介词的句法功能



介词不能独立在句中 做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表


< /p>


示人、物、事件等


与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

< p>


1




作定语


:


The book on the table is mine.


2




作状语:



We have breakfast at seve n.


(表时间);



They were late for meeti ng because of the heavy rain.


(表原因);



They started the machi ne by press ing the butt on.


(表方法)



3





表语


:


My dictionary is in the bag.


4




作宾语补足语:


I fou nd him in the office.


(二)



主要介词区别



1




表示时间的



at, i n, on


:


at


表示片刻的时间,如:



at 8 o


'


clock




用词组有:



at noo n, at ni ght, at mid night, at


the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year


等。


in


表示一段的时间,如:



in the morning, in the after noon, in the eve nin g, in October, i n 1998, in summer, i n the past, i n the future


跟日子有关,



on Mon day, on Christmas morning, on the followi ng, on May Day, on a warm mor ning


2




表示时 间的


since



from


:


since


表示从过去到现在的一 段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。



示从时间的某一点开始 ,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如:



morning exercises from today./ We have not see n each other since 1995.


3




表示时 间的


in



after


:


两者都表示



after


则表示



在(某一具体时间点之后)



在(某个时间)之后,区别在于



in


表示



在(一段时间)之后”,而



?



等。



on


总是



等。



from




I hope to do



at, in, on, beside, to , for


等;另一种是



in fron t of, because of, out of, i nstead of


等;还有一种叫二重介



”,


in


短语和将来时态连用,


< br>after


短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。




:


we ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation



注意:


after

< br>有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如


:


After two mon ths he returned.


4


、表示地理位置的



in, on, to




in


表示在某范围内,



on


指与什么毗邻,



to


指在某环境范围之外。如:



Changchun is in


the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.


5




表示



在??…上”的


on



in


:


on


只表示在某物的表面上,而用



in


表示占去某物一部分。



book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.


女口:



There is a



6




表示



穿过


...



through



across




through


表示从内部通过,与



in


有关;


across


则表示从一端至另一



端在表面上的通过,与



on


有关。如:



Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.


7




in the corner, on the corner, at the corner




in the corner


表示在角落里,



in


指角的内面;



on the corner






在角上的


on


指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;



at the corner




在拐角处的


at


指的是拐角



外附近的外面。如:



The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the


table.


8




in the end, at the end of, by the end of




in the end


作“最后的、



“终于的解,可单独使用,后不接介词



of




at


the end of


表示



在??…末梢的



到??…尽头的



既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;



by the end of




在…??结束时





...




末为止


< /p>


解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。如:



I


n


the end they reached a place of safety./


At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end


of last month he had finished the novel.


9




表示关 于的勺


about



on


:


两者都有



关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者为较正式的



He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.


论述的



如:



10




between, among


:一般说来,



between


表示两者之间,



among


用于三者或三者以上的中间。如:



You are to sit


between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.


注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是 两两相互间接关系,适用于



between


。如:



Agreements were made between the different countries.


在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用



between



如:



The little valley lies between high mountains.


。在谈事物间的差别时,总是用



between


。如:



They don


'


t know the


difference between wheat, oats and barley.


11




besides, except, but, except for


:


besides




除了



....


还有,再加上





女口:



All went out besides me.




except




除了,减去什么





不能放在句首。如:



All we nt out except me.



< br>but



except


意思近似 ,表示





了……外的经常用在



no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything


等和其他疑问词后面。如:



I never saw him reading anything but the


newspaper.




except for


表示



如口无



................


就,只是



表明理由纟田节。如:



His diary is good except for a


few spelling mistakes.




12




表示



“用的的



in




with


:表示工具的



“用的,用



with


,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声



音等的



用的





in


。如:



He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the


text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.


13




in charge of




in the charge of


:两者都表示



“由谁负责、照顾、管理



的。区别在于:



in charge of


后接被照



管的


人或物,而



in the charge of


后面则跟照管的人。如:



Who is in charge of the project/ The project is in the charge of an


engineer.




14




as, like


:


as




作为的



以?…?地位或身份



解。如:


Let me speak to you as a father.


(事实是父亲);


like




象…?一样



解。如:


Let me speak to you like a father.


(事实上不是父亲)。



15




in front of




in the front of


:


in front of = before


,是




.....


前面的勺意思(不在某物内);



in the front of


则是





前部的勺意思(在某物内)。如:



There is a desk in frontof the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of


the car.




16




in, into




into


表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。如:



We walked into the park.




in


通常表示位置。如:



We walked in the park




in




drop, fall, put, throw, break


等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。如:



the coin in



into



my pocket.


我把硬币放进衣袋。



I have put



高中英语语法复习专题讲解



-


介词连词



一、考点聚焦



1


、介词的分类与语法功能




1


)介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须 与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)



构 成介词短语,在


句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,如



at



in




for


等;合成介词,如



within




inside




onto




througout


等;短语介词,如



according to



out of



because of



by means of



in spite of



instead of


等。



双重介


词,如



from behind / above / under




until after


等。分词介词,如



considering




including




judging



from / by




等。



常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如:





It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather


forecast.




He quarrelled with her yesterday.




He succeeded in passing the final exam.




I


'


m still thinkig of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.




The professor will give us a talk on how to study En glish well.



2


)介词 短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如:





This machine is in good condition.




表语






Where is the key to my bike




定语






Nothi ng in the world could live without air or water.




状语






She always thi nks herself above others.


(宾补)



2


、介词搭配





1




“动词



+


介词



”搭 配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。





rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow




夺去、除去





义的动词与



of


连用







supply us with food / fill the glass with wine


(供给



意义的动词与



with


连用)





make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat




“制作、制造



”意义与



of



into


连用)





介词


+ the +


部位与动词的关系 (


=


动词


+ sb.


'


s+


位,可换用)



strike him on the head




击,拍,碰,摸



”意义与



on


连用





catch him by the arm




抓,拉,拿,扯



”意义与



by


连用





hit the boy in the face




“肚,胸,眼,脸



”等人体前部与



in


连用)





prevent



stop, keep



sb. from doing sth.




阻止“,禁止”意义与



from


连用





from








persuade



advise, warn



sb. into doing sth.


(“说服,建议”意义与



into


连用)





buy sb. for sth.



leave



get



win



gain



lose




得失



意义与



for


连用






tell sb.



show



teach



sing



wr ite



read




告知



意义与



to


连用






give sth. to sb.



give



allow



promise



pass



hand




授予



意义与



to


连用)



注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成



buy .


双宾结构。





say to sb.

< p>


suggest



ex plain



apologize


、< /p>


murmur



whisper


与对象



连用必须用



to



不可说



suggest .




同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。



look for


(寻找)


agree to sth. hear of



听说



call on



拜访




look to




眺望




agree with sb. call for




需要





look at


(看)



agree on sth. hear from



收到信



call in






同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异。



reply to the letter


回信,

< p>
sing



dance



to the music


禾口



.


唱(跳),



amount to


达到,加起来有


.....



-devote to




..


贡献给,


drink to




.....



杯,


object to


反对,


look forward to


渴望,


come to


苏醒,


belong to


属于,


search


for




...



ask



for


寻找,


use


fo


用作,


leave for


前往,


take


< br>fc


误以为,


call of


倡导,


wait for


等待,



care for


喜欢,


make up for


弥补损失,



turn to


求助(救)于,



help on eself to


随意,


agree to


同意,


compare



to


把??…比作,


send for


派人去请(拿)??…,


sail for


驶向,航向,


set out for


动身去,


go in for


爱好??…。




2


)常见“形容词



+


介词”搭配。



afraid of


担心……


angry about / at sth.


afraid


afraid for


替… …而担心



angry with sb.


anxious for sth.


渴望……


different from


与……不同



anxious about sth. / sb


担心……


different to


不关…心……



tired of


讨厌



strict with sb.


tired from/ with


因……疲倦



strict in sth.


要求严格



good at


擅长



popular with sb.


受……欢迎



good for


对……有益



popular in some place


流行在……



good of sb. to do so


友好



popular for




.


......



流行



pleased with +


名词或



what


从句



pleased at +


抽象名词(听



/


看到……而高兴)



helpful to


对……有帮助




known to sb.


为人所知



known for



..


而岀名



be familiar with


熟悉



known as


作为



.


..


出名


be familiar to



....


熟知


(



)



sorry for


替?…后悔



disappo in ted at sth.


失望



rich in


富有



.


...



absent from


缺席



absent in


离开此地去了



……



worthy of


值得的,


glad about sth. for sb.


为某人某事高兴,



far from




........


远,


grateful for sth. to sb.


为某事感



激某人,


free from


没有


(


免除


)



proud of(take pride in)


自豪,


satisfied with (by)


满意,


sure of / about




信,



fond of


喜欢,



fit for


适合,



busy with sth.(in doing sth.)


忙着干某事,



full of


充满,



ready for


准备,



similar to


相似,


wrong with


不对;有毛病




..................................



(3)




名词



+


介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。



the absence of water


缺水



the hope of success


成功的希望



have a chance of (for) entering college


上大学的机会



take pride in them


为他们感到骄傲



the key to the question


问题的答案



a medicine for cough


治咳嗽的药



the ticket for tomorrow


明天的票



his abesence in Beijing


去了北京



his abesence from Beijing


不在北京



the way to study


学习方法



the way of studying maths


学习教学的方法



3


、核心介词用法归纳与辨析



(


1


)


表示时间的介 词



in


的用法如下。



in




表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词



女口:



in the 1990s, in the year, in Jan uary, in (the) win ter / summer / fall / spri ng, in the first week of May




还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:



the morning (afternoon, evening)


。但要注意:





at night / at noon, in the day(


在白天


),in the night


(


大夜间


)





in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in





in five days


(


weeks, mon ths, years


)




in


意思是





.


...


以后


”。





in




during


表一段时间内两词可互用。如:



有区别:当接表示



活动



的抽象名词时多用



in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war


但略



during


,接


< br>活动



的动名词及短语时用



in


。如:



during the discussion in discussing the problem


during her stay in Hubei in playing basketball


during the course of in digging the tunnel


(


2


)


在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用



on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning


on Christmas Day(




at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on


Children


'


s Day


on March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of


early on the morning of (


区别:



in the late / early morning of


on a rainy night, on warm winter days


⑶表示某一时刻或某一点时间用



at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six


at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)


at the age of 15, at the time of war,




in time of dan ger/ trouble




注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。如:



next day




last Sunday




that morning




these years


one




each




any




every




some




all


修饰时



,


一般不用介词



,




some day


one day




yesterday / afternoon,the night before


(


4


)


till




until




to


的用法。





till(until)


与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与 短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如:



He waited for me till twelve o


'


clock.


He didn


'


t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(


不可用



to).


但注意:在句首岀现或强调句型中一般不用



Not until 9 come back to school.




to


表终 结



时常用和


from

< br>连用,但要注意不与



from


连用时的意



till


而用


until


。如 :



at,


如小时、分钟等。



on




义。如:


from July to September, from six to(till)eight


(




.......



U


为止


)


,但



from morning till night



)


,不能用


to


o


from



to


常构成习惯搭配,不可换用其他介词。


(


A


)


表持久连续、传递、转移的含义



从早至



from time to time




不时,有时






from day to day




天天




,from hand to hand




不断传下去






from place to place


(处




处,到处),



from side to side




左右摇摆






from door to door


(家家户户),



from house to house


(挨家挨户),



from


shop to shop


(—个商店接一个商店)。




B



表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变 化。



from begi nning to


end



从头到尾,自始至终





from t he beg inning to the end of




;from-ha nd to mouth




仅能糊口




from bad to


worse




越来越糟






from head to foot




从头到脚




,


from top to bottom


(整个地,彻底地),



from top to toe




全身





from start to finish


(自始至终,从头到



尾)。(


C




from one +


名词



+ to another


表示



依次”。女口



from one car to another


(顺着车厢依次地)。(



D


)名




+ by +


同一单数名词,表示



一个一个地”,要与


from



to


短语区别开:



one by one


一个一个地;


little by


< /p>


little



bit

< br>)



一点一点地;



step by step


一步一步地,逐渐地(但



by and by


不久以后);



sentence by sentence


逐句



地;


day


by day


一天一天地;


side by side



with


?和


)(



并肩,一起;


shoulder to shoulder


肩并肩地,齐心协力;



hand in hand


手拉手,紧紧地



;face to face


面对面。




5




in




after




later




in +


一段时间:表示说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般 将来时连用;但表示



时态。



在??…之内”时,用于各种





一段时间



+ later



later


是副词




: 表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。





after +


一段时间表示:



在??…之后



,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用



间,用于各种时态。



The doctor will be with us in six minutes.


She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.


He received her letter after four weeks.


另外,


in +


一段时间


+


'


s + tim




within +


一段时间的用法如下:



in a week


'


s time = in a week


They will arrive in three days


'


与将来寸连用





after,



after +


点时



My brother


'


s birthday is in two weeks


'


(作


m


表语 )



I


'


ll finish the book within two weeks.



within = in less than


用于各种时态,不超岀,在



.


....


之内





6




地点介词



at




on




in




to




across




through




over




under




below






at


在较 小的场所,


in


在较大的场所,


on< /p>


在??…的平面上。如



at the



door




at the airport




at the station




at 55 Park Street




in China




in the north




in Asia




on the desk




on the


wall


等。





on


、< /p>


at



in


还可 以表示两地相对位置。若



无边缘的衔接有



to


。如:



Japan lies to the east of China.




范围之外





Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.


(范围之外)



Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.




毗邻





The island lies off the coast of China.




相隔一定距离







地点介词的引申、比喻意义:



in the sun


在阳光下,


in the dark

< p>


ness



在黑暗中,


in the dark


不知道,


in


freezing weather


在严寒天气中,



in the mud


在泥中,


in the earth


在地下



in the desert


在沙漠中



in a heavy rain




大雨中,



A


地属于


B


地,用


in;A


地位于


B


地的外面且有边缘衔接用

< br>


on





in the snow / wind


在雪


/


风中



,in public


当众,



in trouble


在困境中,



get into trouble


陷入困境,



out of trouble


摆脱困难,



beyond hope


绝望。





across


在物体表面



穿过”


through


则表示在三维空间内部



They walked across the playground.


I walked through the forest.




over / un der / above / below




o ver



above


译作在

< p>


.....


之上”


under



below


译作在



.


......


的下面”其区别在于



over



under


表示一种直接

< br>


的、垂直的上下关系;而



above




below


则表示一般的



“高于”或“低于”,不一定是垂直



“在上”或“在下”。如:



A little boat is now under the bridge.


There is a bridge over the river.


The sun sinks below the horizon




地平线





The window is well above the tree.




表示地点介词的静态性和动态性



He walked to the station


(静态,表示方向和目的地)



He walked towards the station.




动态,只表示方向





He is kind to < /p>



towards


us.


(两者通用)



He is at the station.




静态,表示地点





They arrived at the station.




动态,表示地点





He swam away from the ship.




动态



“离开



”)



He stood away from the shop.




静态



“远离



”)



He fell onto the floor.




动态



“到地面



”)



The city is on the Changjiang River.




静态“平面”)



Go off the road.


偏离了道路(动态



“离去



”)



Come along the river.


沿着河过来(线)



across the fields


跨过田野




over the desert


跨越沙漠



across the river


横跨这条河



.


...



over the hill


翻过这座山



be in the house



静态,在这里



..



stay out of the car



静态,在



..





go into the house




动态,进入




fly out of the country




动态,离开





高中英语语法复习专题讲解



-


介词连词


穿过”女口:




7


)表示方式、手段、工具的介词





by the year/hour/day


按年



/


小时



/


天。女口



He rent a house by the year(day,hour).(




by+the+


单位名称


)




to the


pound


按磅算,



to the ton


按吨计。





表泛指的方式、手段



by post/mail


邮寄,



by telephone(radio),




on the phone/on the radio/on TV(


电讯器材



)



by electricity


用电,



by


machinery


用电器,



by hard work,learn heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through


experience,through the telescop




交通工具类



by bus/train/car/taxi(road)


by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot


by plane/jet/spaceship,by air


by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water


另外:



by means of




...


方法,



by way of


经由,取道于,用



.


...


方法,


with the help (permission)of sb./with


sb.


'


s help (perm-is


sion)






表方式、手段的其他用法



He beat the dog with a whip.(with+


工具机器



)


One smells with his nose.(with+


人体器官,但



by ha nd


手工,用手”)



He stood up with pride.(with+


情绪、情感、态度的名词



)


注意:使用语言、材料、文字等用



in


。如



in English(ink,pencil)


。另外如:



in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in


comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good


order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words ,live/feed on food,kneel on one


s knee,take(catch


出其不意


e()


(8)



表示



除??…之外”的几组常用介绍比较。





besides

< br>除??…以外,


(


还有


)


。作副词时意思是



而且,更何况”。



Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw.


除了肖外,我们都去了电影院。



It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.




except


除去,除??…之外


(


不再有


)




We all went except John.


我们都去了,约翰没有。



在否定句中,两词可以换用,如:



He has no other hats except / besides this one.




except for


除了



??(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明


)


后接名词、代词或



what


从句,此时与



except



that +


句子意思相同。


'

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-17 07:26,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/661267.html

英语中常见介词用法总结的相关文章

  • 爱心与尊严的高中作文题库

    1.关于爱心和尊严的作文八百字 我们不必怀疑富翁的捐助,毕竟普施爱心,善莫大焉,它是一 种美;我们也不必指责苛求受捐者的冷漠的拒绝,因为人总是有尊 严的,这也是一种美。

    小学作文
  • 爱心与尊严高中作文题库

    1.关于爱心和尊严的作文八百字 我们不必怀疑富翁的捐助,毕竟普施爱心,善莫大焉,它是一 种美;我们也不必指责苛求受捐者的冷漠的拒绝,因为人总是有尊 严的,这也是一种美。

    小学作文
  • 爱心与尊重的作文题库

    1.作文关爱与尊重议论文 如果说没有爱就没有教育的话,那么离开了尊重同样也谈不上教育。 因为每一位孩子都渴望得到他人的尊重,尤其是教师的尊重。可是在现实生活中,不时会有

    小学作文
  • 爱心责任100字作文题库

    1.有关爱心,坚持,责任的作文题库各三个 一则150字左右 (要事例) “胜不骄,败不馁”这句话我常听外婆说起。 这句名言的意思是说胜利了抄不骄傲,失败了不气馁。我真正体会到它

    小学作文
  • 爱心责任心的作文题库

    1.有关爱心,坚持,责任的作文题库各三个 一则150字左右 (要事例) “胜不骄,败不馁”这句话我常听外婆说起。 这句名言的意思是说胜利了抄不骄傲,失败了不气馁。我真正体会到它

    小学作文
  • 爱心责任作文题库

    1.有关爱心,坚持,责任的作文题库各三个 一则150字左右 (要事例) “胜不骄,败不馁”这句话我常听外婆说起。 这句名言的意思是说胜利了抄不骄傲,失败了不气馁。我真正体会到它

    小学作文