-
英语中常见介词用法总结
一、
About
1.
着手
动词
+about+sth.
。
about
在此表示
论及,谈起,涉及,
等意思:
arrange about
安排,
argue about
辩论
,ask about
询问,
bring about
带来,
chat about
闲聊,
care about
在意,
co mpla
in about
报怨,
go
about
着手,
hear about
听说
,
in quire about
打听
,
know about
了解,
quarrel about
争论,
r ead about
读
至
U, see about
负责处理,
set about
开始
,speak about
谈起
,talk about
谈论
,think about
考虑
,trouble a
bout
担心,
tell
about
讲述,
worry
about
着急。现举例说明其中一些短语的用法:
She in quired about my brother.
她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。
I
must set about my pack in
g.
我必须开始收拾行装。
What
are you chatti ng about
你们在聊什么呢
2.
be +
形容词
+about+sth
.
。
about
在此意思是
为…,对…”接表原因的词:
be anxious about
为??着急
,be bad about
对??感到不舒服,
be busy
about
忙于…
,be careful about
小心…
,be certain
about
对…有把握
,be
concerned about
关心…
,be crazy
about
为…发狂,
be excited about
为??感到激动
,be happy ab out
为…而高兴
,be mad about
为…发疯,
be nervous about
对??感到紧张
,be particular about
挑剔
…
,be pleased abou
t
为??
兴奋,
be strict
about
对…严格,
be thoughtful
about
对??考虑周到的,
看例句:
What have
you bee n busy about today
今天在忙些什么
You are
certai nly very thoughtful about others.
你为别人想得太周到了。
I
'
m strictbout such
things.
对这些事我是很严格的。
注:
come
about
发生,
get about
(
疾病、谣言
)
流行,
turn about
转身,
be uneasy
about
为…感受到不安。请
leave
about
到处乱放,
lie
about
随便堆放,
put about
打扰
;
传播,
put oneself
about
使…发愁。这些词组中
?
二、
After
1.
动词
+
after
。介词
after
有
p>
追赶,问候,效仿
之意:
ask
after
问候
,
be
after
寻求
,do(sth.)after<
/p>
学着做,
go
after
设法得
到
,inquire
after
问候
,look after
寻找
,run after
追求
,seek after
追逐
,take after
长得像。例如:
Every
afternoon he called to ask after his girl frie nd.
他每天下午都打电话问候他的女朋友。
The boy takes after his
father.
这男孩长得像他父亲。
The dogs went after the wou nded deer.
一群狗在追赶那只受伤的鹿。
构成的
其它短语。
after
在不同的短语中意思各异:
after a little/moment/while
过了一会,
after all
毕竟
,after dark
天黑以后,
after one
'
s hea
rt
的心
,after school
one after another
一个接一
about
作副词,此时
about
不能接宾语。
放学后,
after
service
售后服务,
after the fashion
勉强,
day after day
日复一日,
个
,
year after
year
年复一年。例如:
Don
'
t be too
trict with him. After all he is still a child.
不要太苛刻了,毕竟他还是个孩子。
He can speak and write English after a
fashion.
他多少会说和写一点英语,但不太好。
三、
At
1.
动词
+ at
。
at
表示
指向某一目标,到达某地
”:
arrive
at
抵达
,call at
访
问某地
,
catch
at(it)
当场抓住
,come
at
攻
击
,
fire at
向??开火
,glanee at
瞟一眼
,
glare at
怒目而视
,
grieve at
忧伤,
knock
at
敲
,laugh at
嘲笑
,
look at
看一眼
,
p ull
at
拉扯
,rejoice
at
对…高兴,
smile
at
向某人微笑
,shoot
at
朝??射击
,stare
at
怒目
而视
,thrust
at
刺向
,tear
at
撕
, tremble at
颤抖,
wonder at
吃惊,
work at
工作。例如:
Don
'
t let me
catch you aga in at
it.
不要再让我当场逮住你。
We
must
“
shoot the arrow at
the target
我们必须有的放矢。
They trembled at the sight of the peasa
nt
看到农民的梭标,他们阵阵发抖。
:
be angry at
恼怒于
,
be
2.
be +
形容词
/
过去分词
+ at
。其中<
/p>
at
表示
情绪、情感的原因,或对某物具有某种感情
alarmed at
对??保持警觉
,be astonished at
对??吃惊
,
be bad at
不擅长
,
be clever at
对某事很灵巧
,
be
delighted at
高
兴,
be disgusted at
厌恶
,be disappo in ted at
对…失望,
be good at
擅长
,be impatie nt at
对…不够耐心
,be mad at
狂
热于
,be
pleased at
对??感到高兴
,be present at
岀席
,be satisfied at
满意
,be surprised at
吃惊
,be shocked at
对??非
常震惊,
be
terrified
at
受到…的恐吓
,be quick
at
对…很机敏。例如:
They
were overjoyed at his return to work.
他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。
They are alarmed at the growth of the
liberati on moveme nt in the coloni es.
他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。
+
名词构成的词组:
at a
distanee
在一定距离,
at a
loss
不知所措,
at a
time
一次,
at all
一点也不,
at any
cost
不惜一切代价,
at
best
最好也只是,
at
first
起初,
at ha
nd
手头,
at
heart
在内心
里,
at home
在家;无拘束,
at last
最后,
at
least
至少,
at
most
最多,
at once
马上,
at
present
目
前,
at
sea
不知所措,
at
times
有时,
at
will
任意地,
at
work
起作用,
at
worst
最坏。
4.
其它含有
at
的短语:
wo
rk hard at
勤奋工作,
drop in
at
顺路拜访。
四、
For
1.
动词
+for
a)
动词
+for
。
for
表原因、目
的:
account for
解释;说明
,answer for
对…负责
,apply for
申请;请求
,apologize for
为…而道歉
,beg
for
请求
,call
for
要求
,care for
在意
,enter for
报名参力廿
,fight for
为…而战
,hope for
希望
,
inquire for
查询;求
见
,leave
for
离开某地到另一地
,
look
for
寻找
,
long
for
盼望
,mistake
for
误认为
,
plan
for
计划做某事
,
prep are
for
为??作
准备
,provide
for
为??提供
,reach for
伸手去拿
,run for
竞选
,stand for
象征
,search for
搜寻
,send for
派
人去请
,
speak for
陈述
意见、愿望
,
ta
ke for
当作
,
wish
for
希望
,
wait
for
等待。例如:
His
illness accounts for his absenee.
他因病缺席。
The baby
reached for the apple but could n
那婴儿伸手去苹果,但够不着。
He
who would search for pearls must dive below.
要想找到珍珠,必须潜到海底。
b)
动词
+sb.+ for +sth.
。
for
表示原因或目的:
ask for
要求得到
,blame
for
因…责备
,
excuse
for
宽恕
,
forgive
for
谅解
,
pardon for
原谅
,pay
for
花钱买
,praise for
称赞
,punish for
对…进行惩罚
,push for
催逼,
reward for
酬谢
,thank for
对??表示谢
意。例如:
Please excuse me for my being late.
请原谅我的迟到。
Forgive
me for my keep ing you wait ing.
请见谅,让你久等了。
2.
be +
形容词
+for
。
for
表作用、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等:<
/p>
be anxious
for
急于做
,
be eager
for
渴望
,
be bad f
or
有害于
,be
convenient for
便于
,be good
for
禾
U
于
,be
famous for
以??岀名
,be fit for
适合于
,be grateful for
对??心
存感
激
,be impatient
for
对??不耐烦
,be late for
迟至
U, be necessary for
有必要
,be ready for
作好准备
,be sorry for
为…而后悔
,be
responsible
for
对…负责
,be suitable
for
适合于
,be unfit
for
不适合
,be useful
for
对…有作用。例
如:
He is eager
for success.
他渴望成功
+
名词构成的词组:
for
all
尽管,
for a so
ng
非常便宜地,
for
certain
确切地,
for compa
ny
陪着,
for
ever
永远,
fo
r
example
例如,
for fear
以免,
for fair
肯定地,
for free
免费,
for fun
为了好玩,
for good
永远,
for instanee
比
方,
for luck
祝福,
for life
终身,
for long
长久,
for nothing
白白地,
for onee
有生第一次,
for oneself
替自己,
fo r pleasure
为了消遣,
for
reason
因为??理由,
for sale
供岀售,
for shame
真不害臊,
for short
简称,
for sport
好
玩,
for sure
确切地。
4.
动词
+
副词
/
名词
+for
构成的短语:
be
in for
将遇到,
make up
for
弥补,
go in
for
从事,
l o ok out
for
提防,
take sth. for
granted
把…当作理所当然
,
have an
ear for
音感好
,have a gift
for
有某方面的天赋。
五、
From
1.
动词
+from
a
)
动词
+
from
。
from
表示
来源、原因、起始
等:
come from
来自
,date from
追溯
,
depart from
违背
,
die from
死
于
,escape from
逃岀
fall from
自
…跌落
,hang from
垂挂
,hear from
收到来信
,lear n from
向某人学习
‘return
from
自
某地返
回,
rise
from
自…冒岀
‘result from
起因于
,
suffer from
忍受。例如:
All the
characters in the book are draw n from real life.
书中所有的人物都来自于真实的生活。
Any damage result ing from n eglige nee
must be paid for by the borrower.
因疏忽引起的任何损坏都应由借用者负责
赔偿。
He has
recovered from his surprise.
他好不容易回过神来。
b
)
动词
+ sth./sb.
+from + sth./ sb. /a place
。
from
表示
来源、免于
等:
borrow from
向??借
,choose from
选自
,
excu
se from
免除
,keep
from
阻止做
,prevent from
不准做
,protect from
不受??之害
,receive from
收至
U ,remove from
移
动;除
去
,save from
保全;拯救
,separate from
分离开来
,stop from
阻止。例如:
He was
excused from atte ndance at the lecture.
他获准可不去听课。
Stop
the child from spoil ing the book.
不要让孩子弄坏了书。
2.
be +
形容词
+
from
。此时
from
含义众多:
be absent from
缺席
,be different from
与众不同
,
be far from
更不用说
,
be hidden
from
躲避
,be made
from
用??制成
,be tired from
因??而疲倦。例如:
The
boy can
'
t walk and is far
from runnir
那
.
男孩不会
走路,更不用说跑了。
…
to
…本短语表示从一种状态到另一状态的变化或从
??到…:
from bad to worse
每况愈下,
from beginning to end
from door to do
自始至终,
from cover
to cover
从头到尾,
from China to Peru
至
< br>U
处,
from day to day
一天一天地,
or
挨家挨户,
from end to
end
从头至尾,
from
first to last
自始至终,
from hand to mouth
勉强糊冢琭
rom head t
o foot
从
头到脚,
from mouth to mouth
广泛流传,
from sun to
sun
从日岀到日落,
from
start to finish
从头开始,
from top to toe
从
头到脚,
from time to time
不时地,
from top to bottom
彻底地。
?
六、
In
1.
动词
+in
a
)
动词
+
in
o
in
在短语中的含义异常丰富:
believe
in
信任
,
break
in
碎成,
bring
in
引起;产生;带来
,
call
in
下令
收回
,
fill in
填充
,get in
收获
,
hand in
上缴
,
in volve in
涉及
,
lie in
在于
‘result in
导致
,
share in
共享
,succeed in
成功
,
t ake
in
卷起;订阅
,
turn
in
归还当局。例如:
He was
so short of mo ney that he had to call in the
loans that he had made.
他很缺乏资金,不得不收回所有的款
The gover nment is resp on sible for
the n ati on
子。
政
府负责
e
民众勺福利
Your failure lies in your
laziness.
你失败的原因在于懒惰。
Orders are given to take in
sail.
已发布收帆的命令。
b
)
动词
+sb./time/money+ in
。介词
in
后接(
doing
)
sth.
:
help sb. in
帮助某人做某事
,spare
time/money in
匀岀时
间或钱做
某事
,spend
time/money in
花时间或钱做某事
,
waste time/money in
浪费时间或钱做某事。例如:
She
offered to help him in the housekeepi ng whe n I
am n ot here.
她提岀,我不在家时她可以帮助他料理家务。
2.
be
+
形容词
+ in
。
< br>in
表示
在某些方面或穿着
”:
be active
in
活跃于
,be absorbed
in
专心致志
,
be busy
in
忙碌
,
be bor n in
岀生于
,be concerned in
牵涉
,be clothed in
穿着
,be disappo in ted in
对…失望
,be dilige nt in
勤于
,be experie n ced in
在??有经
验
,be
employed in
任职于
,be engaged
in
忙碌
,be expert in
某方面的专家
,be
excellent in
在…优秀
,b e
interested in
对??有兴
趣
,be lacking
in
缺乏
,be rich in
富有
,be slow in
迟缓
,be successful in
在某方面成功
,be skille
d in
精于
,be strict in
严于
,be weak in
弱于。例如:
She was
completely absorbed in her own affairs.
她完全专注于自己的事务。
More
tha n one person has bee n concerned in this.
不只一人牵涉到这件事。
3.
in +
名词。
in
< br>表示
处于某种状态或在某些方面
等意思:
in
advanee
提前
,in
all
总共,
in
balanee
总而言之,
in b
ed
卧床,
in body
亲自,
in brief
简明扼要,
in case
万一
,
in charge
主管,
in dan ger
有危险
,
in debt
负债
,
in despair
失望
,in
force
大量地;有效,
in full
全部地
,
in flower
开花
,in general
一般说来
,
in itself
本身
,
in love
恋爱
,
in order
井然有序
,
in
person
亲自
,
in public
公开地
,
in progress
有进展
,
in practice
从实践上看
,
in rags
穿着破衣
,
in research
探索
,
in return
作
为报答
,
in
ruins
—片废墟
,in
short
总之
,in
theory
从理论上看
,
in
trouble
有麻烦
,
in
tears
眼泪汪汪
,i n
time
及时
,in
turn
按顺序
,in
vain
p>
白白地
,
in view
看得见。
注意下列几个词组中的
in
为副词:
check
in
到达登记,
cut
in
插嘴,
count
in
包括
,draw
in
时间接近
,
drop
in
顺路
拜访
,give
in
屈服
,
pour
in
源源而来。
?
七、
Of
1.
动词
+of
a
)
动词<
/p>
+of
。
of
意
为
有关,由于”:
beg of
p>
(
sb.
)
请求某
人
,
complain
of
抱怨,
consist
of
由…构成
,
die
of
死于
,
dream of
梦想
,hear of
听说
,know of
了解
,speak of
谈及
,tell of
讲到
,think of
想起
,talk of
论及。例如:
Never has
one of them complai ned of all the trouble we
give.
从来没有人抱怨我们带来这么多麻烦。
Carbon dioxide con sists of carb on and
oxyge n.
二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素组成。
b
)
动词<
/p>
+sb.+of+sth.
。其中
of<
/p>
有剥夺,有关
之意:
accuse of
控告(谴责,非难)某人
,
cheat
of
骗走
,
deprive of
剥
夺
,inform
of
汇报
,
rob
of
抢走
,
remi nd
of
提醒
,
warn
of
警告。例如:
He has
cheated me of my poverty.
他骗走了我的财产。
They
are deprived of their rights as citize
ns.
他们的公民权都被剥夺了。
c
)
动词
+sth.+ of +sb.
。介词
of
表动宾关系,后接动作的宾
语
sb.
:
request of
请求
(
某人做某事
)
,require
of
要求得到。例如:
All I
request of you is that you should come here early.
我唯一的请求就是希望你早点来。
You have done all the law requires of
you.
你做的这一切都是法律对你的要求。
2.
be
+
形容词
+ of
。
< br>of
后接表对象或目标的词,这类短语有很多:
be aware of
觉察
,be
ashamed of
以??为耻
,be afraid
of
担心
,be bare of
没有
,be careful of
小心
,be clear of
还清债
务
,be certain
of
确信
,be composed of
由
…构成
,be envious of
嫉妒
,be forgetful of
健忘
,be fond of
喜欢
,be free of
免于;摆脱
,be full of
充满
,be
guilty of
认罪
,be hopeful of
抱有希望
,be in formed of
汇报
,be impatie nt of
对…无耐
心
,be jealous of
嫉妒
,be made of
用
…制
成
,be mindful of
留意
,be proud of
以…为骄傲
,be sick of
烦于
,be short of
缺
乏
,be
sure of
确信
,be tired of
困于
,be worthy of
值
得。
+
名词构成的词组:
of
age
成年
,
of
choice
精选的,
of
course
当然
,of
late
最近,
of
name
有名的,
of
oneself
自动
地,
of purpose
有意地,
of use
有用,
of values
有价值的。
八、
On
1.
动词
+on
a
)
??有作用
,
bring
on
促使;导致
,
call
on
拜
访某人
,count
on
依赖
,
carry
on
执行
,depend
on
取决
,
feed
on
以…为生
figure
on
料想;推断
,
go
on
继续
,
have
on
穿
着
,
insist
on
坚持
,keep
on
继续
,lean
on
依赖
,live
on
以…为生
,pull
on
迅速穿上
,put
on
穿上
,switch
on
接通(电
源)
,
take
to
喜欢;养成;轻易学会,
turn
on
接通(电源)
,
work
on
操作
,
wait
on
侍候。例如:
This ki
nd of medici ne acts on the heart.
这种药对心脏有好处。
The
fine weather bri ngs on the crops ni cely.
好天气促使庄稼长势良好。
We
cou nt on you to
help.
我们有赖你的帮助。
b
)
动词<
/p>
+sb.
(
sth.
)
+ on +sb.
(
sth.
)
。
on
的意
思是
以…,对…,在某方面”:
base
on
以…为基础
,con gratulate on
恭贺
,fi
动词
+ on
。介词
< br>on
表示
凭借,产生某结果,接通
等意思:
act
on
对
x
on
固定
,
have mercy
on
怜悯
,have pity
on
怜惜
,
keep watch
on
监视
,
spend
on
把时间、精力花在某方面。例如:
Theory
should be based on
practice.
理论联系实际。
Con gratulate on your success in the
competiti on.
恭喜你竞赛获得成功。
+
形容词
+on
的词组:
be dependent on
依赖
,be hard on
对某人苛刻
,be
impressed on
对??印象深刻
,be keen
on
渴
望
,be
strict
on
对…严格。例如:
We can
'
t just be dependent on our
parents.
我们不能只依赖父母。
He is keen ongoing abroad.
他渴望岀国。
+
名词构成的词组:
on
表示处于某种状态或在某个方位:<
/p>
on
board
乘(车
飞机)
,
on
call
听候召唤
,
on
duty
值班
,
on earth
至
U
底
,on
fire
着火
,on foot
步行,
on guard
在岗,
on hire
雇用,
on holiday
度假,
on leave
休假,
on one
'
s knees
跪
下
,
on
one
'
s
w
在…的路上
,
on purpose
故意
,on sale
待售,
on shore
在岸上
,
on time
准时
,on the move
行
动
,on
the other
hand
另一方面
,on the spot
当场
,on the tip of one
'
s
torrgu
要说岀口
, on
top of
在…的顶部,
on
watch
值班。
九、
To
1.
动词
+to
a
)
动词
+ to
。介词
< br>to
意为
达到,指向
等:
adjust
to
适应
,
attend
to
处理;照料
,
agree
to
赞同
,
amount
to
加起来
达…,
belong
to
属于
,come
to
达到
,drink
to
为??干杯,
get
to
到达
,happen
to
发生在某人身上
,hold
to
紧握
,lead t o
通向
,
listen to
听
,
occur to
想起
,object to
反对
,point to
指向
,
respond to
回答
,refer to
参考;指的是
…;涉及
,re ply
to
回答
,
see
to
负
责
,stick
to
坚持
,
turn
to
求助
,
write
to
给某人写信。例如:
She
must lear n to adjust herself to En glish life.
她必须学会适应英国的生活。
Bus
in ess has to be atte nded to.
有事要办。
An idea
occurred to me.
我想岀一个办法。
b
)
语时须在动词后加介词
动词
(
+sth.
)
+to
+sb.
。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语
sb.
,要接间接宾
to
:
announee
to
通
知某人
,
describe
to
向某人描述
,
explain
to
向某人解释
,
express
to
对某人表达
,
mention
to
提及
,
nod
to
向某人点
头
‘report
to
报告
,
say
to
告知
,
shout
to
对某人大叫
,
suggest
to
对某人提建议
,speak
to
与某人交谈
,
talk
to
跟某人
谈话
,whisper
to
和
某人低声耳语。例如:
She suggested to me one or two suitable
people for the committee.
她跟我向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。
c
)
动
词
+sth./sb.+ to +
sth./sb.
。此时介词
to
可译
成
到,于,给
等意思
:
add
to
增加
,compare
to
比作
,carry
to
运
送至
,devote to
致力于
,introduce to
介绍给
,invite to
邀请参加
,join
to
连接到
,leave
to
委托给
,reduce
to
下降至
,se ntence
to
判处
,take
to
带到。例
如:
Please add a piece of candy to
coffee.
请给咖啡加块糖。
Poets like to compare life to stage.
诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。
2.
be +
形容词
/
过去分词
+ to
。
to
的意思是
对…”:
be alive
to
觉察;晓得
,
be
attentive to
注意;留心
,
be awake to
知晓
,
be
blind to
缺乏眼光
,be
close to
紧挨着
,be common
to
对某人来说很普通
,
be contrary to
违反;反对
,
be dev oted
to
致力
,be
deaf to
不愿意听
,be equal to
有…的力量
,be exposed to
暴露;遭受
,be fair to
对??公平
,be familiar
to
对某人来说熟悉
,be
grateful to
对某人心存感激
,be good
to
对…有好处
,
be
harmful to
对…有危害
,be
important t o
对…重要
,
be kind to
友好对待
,
be known to
周知于
,be married to
嫁给
,
be moved to
转移至
U , be near to
靠近
,be ne cessary to
对…有必要
,be opposite to
在
对面
,be opposed to
反对
,be pleasant to
合某人之意
,be proper
to
专属
,be polite to
礼貌待人
,be rude to
粗暴对待
,be relative to
与
…有关
,be strange to
不习惯
,be similar to
类似
,be suitable t o
适合
,be true to
忠实
,be thankful to
感激
,be useful to
对??有
用
,be used to
习惯。例如:
Are you
alive to what is goi ng on
你注意到发生什么事了吗
The
old man was not equal to the situatio n.
那老人不能应付这种情况。
His
house is opposite to
mine.
他的房子在我的房子对面。
+
名词构成的词组有:
to a
degree
在某种程度上
,
to
date
到现在为止
,to one
'
s
fee
起来,
to one
'
s mil
照??看来
, to
one
'
s
surpri
f
e
??吃惊
,to
one
'
s
ta
符合胃口
, to on
eself
独自享用
,to order
定做
,to the letter
不折不扣地
,to t he
point
中肯地。
介词
介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。
介词分为三种,一种是简单介词,如
短语介词,即由两个以上的词组组成的短语,如
词,女口
until after,
from behind
等。
(一)
介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中
做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表
<
/p>
示人、物、事件等
与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1
、
作定语
:
The book on
the table is mine.
2
、
作状语:
We have
breakfast at seve n.
(表时间);
They were late for meeti ng because of
the heavy rain.
(表原因);
They started the machi ne by press ing
the butt on.
(表方法)
3
、
作
表语
:
My dictionary is in the bag.
4
、
作宾语补足语:
I fou nd him in the
office.
(二)
主要介词区别
1
、
表示时间的
at, i n, on
:
at
表示片刻的时间,如:
at 8 o
'
clock
常
用词组有:
at noo n,
at ni ght, at mid night, at
the end of,
at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of,
at Christmas, at New Year
等。
in
表示一段的时间,如:
in the
morning, in the after noon, in the eve nin g, in
October, i n 1998, in summer, i n the past, i n
the future
跟日子有关,
on Mon day, on Christmas morning, on
the followi ng, on May Day, on a warm mor ning
2
、
表示时
间的
since
和
from
:
since
表示从过去到现在的一
段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。
示从时间的某一点开始
,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如:
morning exercises from today./ We have
not see n each other since 1995.
3
、
表示时
间的
in
和
after
:
两者都表示
after
则表示
在(某一具体时间点之后)
在(某个时间)之后,区别在于
in
表示
在(一段时间)之后”,而
?
等。
on
总是
等。
from
表
I hope to do
at,
in, on, beside, to ,
for
等;另一种是
in fron
t of, because of, out of, i nstead of
等;还有一种叫二重介
”,
in
短语和将来时态连用,
< br>after
短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。
如
:
we ll be back
in three days./ After seven the rain began to
fall./ What shall we do after graduation
注意:
after
< br>有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如
:
After two mon ths he returned.
4
、表示地理位置的
in, on, to
:
in
表示在某范围内,
on
指与什么毗邻,
to
指在某环境范围之外。如:
Changchun is in
the
northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of
China./ Japan is to the east of China.
5
、
表示
在??…上”的
on
和
in
:
on
只表示在某物的表面上,而用
in
表示占去某物一部分。
book on the piece of paper./ There is
an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a
hole in the wall.
女口:
There is a
6
、
表示
穿过
...
的
through
和
across
:
through
表示从内部通过,与
in
有关;
across
则表示从一端至另一
端在表面上的通过,与
on
有关。如:
Water flows
through the pipe./ The old man walked across the
street.
7
、
in the corner, on the corner, at the
corner
:
in the
corner
表示在角落里,
in
指角的内面;
on the
corner
表
示
在角上的
on
指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;
at the corner
指
p>
在拐角处的
at
指的是拐角
外附近的外面。如:
The lamp stands in the corner of the
room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He
sat on the corner of the
table.
8
、
in
the end, at the end of, by the end of
:
in the end
作“最后的、
“终于的解,可单独使用,后不接介词
of
;
at
the end of
表示
在??…末梢的
到??…尽头的
既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;
by the end of
作
在…??结束时
的
...
到
末为止
<
/p>
解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。如:
I
n
the end they
reached a place of safety./
At the end
of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They
decided to have an English evening at the end of
this week./ by the end
of last month he
had finished the novel.
9
、
表示关
于的勺
about
和
on
:
两者都有
关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者为较正式的
He came to tell me about something
important./ He wrote a book on science.
论述的
如:
10
、
between, among
:一般说来,
between
表示两者之间,
among
用于三者或三者以上的中间。如:
You are to sit
between your
father and me./ He is always happy among his
classmates.
注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是
两两相互间接关系,适用于
between
。如:
Agreements
were made between the different countries.
在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用
between
。
如:
The little valley lies between high
mountains.
。在谈事物间的差别时,总是用
between
。如:
They don
'
t know
the
difference between wheat, oats and
barley.
11
、
besides, except, but, except for
:
besides
指
除了
....
还有,再加上
的
女口:
All went out besides
me.
;
except
指
除了,减去什么
的
不能放在句首。如:
All we
nt out except me.
;
< br>but
与
except
意思近似
,表示
除
了……外的经常用在
no,
all, nobody, anywhere, everything
等和其他疑问词后面。如:
I
never saw him reading anything but the
newspaper.
;
except for
表示
如口无
................
就,只是
表明理由纟田节。如:
His
diary is good except for a
few spelling
mistakes.
。
12
、
表示
“用的的
in
和
with
:表示工具的
“用的,用
with
,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声
音等的
用的
用
in
。如:
He is writing a letter with a pen./ He
wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in
pounds./ Read the
text in a loud
voice./ Tell me the story in English.
13
、
in
charge of
和
in
the charge of
:两者都表示
“由谁负责、照顾、管理
的。区别在于:
in charge
of
后接被照
管的
人或物,而
in the charge of
后面则跟照管的人。如:
Who
is in charge of the project/ The project is in the
charge of an
engineer.
。
14
、
as, like
:
as
作
作为的
以?…?地位或身份
解。如:
Let me speak to
you as a father.
(事实是父亲);
like
作
象…?一样
解。如:
Let me speak to you
like a father.
(事实上不是父亲)。
15
、
in
front of
和
in the
front of
:
in front of =
before
,是
在
.....
前面的勺意思(不在某物内);
in
the front of
则是
在
前部的勺意思(在某物内)。如:
There is a desk in frontof the
blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of
the car.
。
16
、
in, into
:
into
表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。如:
We walked into the park.
;
in
通常表示位置。如:
We
walked in the park
;
in
和
drop, fall, put, throw, break
等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。如:
the coin in
(
into
)
my pocket.
我把硬币放进衣袋。
I have put
高中英语语法复习专题讲解
-
介词连词
一、考点聚焦
1
、介词的分类与语法功能
(
1
)介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须
与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)
构
成介词短语,在
句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,如
at
、
in
、
for
等;合成介词,如
within
、
inside
、
onto
、
througout
等;短语介词,如
according to
、
out
of
、
because
of
、
by means
of
、
in spite of
、
instead of
等。
双重介
词,如
from behind / above / under
、
until after
等。分词介词,如
considering
、
including
、
judging
(
from /
by
)
等。
常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如:
①
It is going to
rain this afternoon according to the weather
forecast.
②
He quarrelled with her yesterday.
③
He succeeded in
passing the final exam.
④
I
'
m still
thinkig of how I can fulfil the task ahead of
time.
⑤
The
professor will give us a talk on how to study En
glish well.
(
2
)介词
短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如:
①
This machine is
in good condition.
(
表语
)
②
Where is the
key to my bike
(
定语
)
③
Nothi ng in the
world could live without air or
water.
(
状语
)
④
She always thi
nks herself above others.
(宾补)
2
、介词搭配
(
1
)
“动词
+
介词
”搭
配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。
①
rob sb. of sth.
/ clear the road of snow
(
夺去、除去
意
义的动词与
of
连用
)
②
supply us with
food / fill the glass with wine
(供给
意义的动词与
with
连用)
③
make a desk of
wood / make bread from flour / make the material
into a coat
(
“制作、制造
”意义与
of
、
into
连用)
④
介词
+ the +
部位与动词的关系
(
=
动词
+ sb.
'
s+
位,可换用)
strike him on the
head
(
击,拍,碰,摸
”意义与
on
连用
)
catch him by the
arm
(
抓,拉,拿,扯
”意义与
by
连用
)
hit the boy in the face
(
“肚,胸,眼,脸
”等人体前部与
in
连用)
⑤
prevent
(
stop,
keep
)
sb. from doing
sth.
(
阻止“,禁止”意义与
from
连用
)
from
、
⑥
persuade
(
advise,
warn
)
sb. into doing sth.
(“说服,建议”意义与
into
连用)
⑦
buy sb. for sth.
(
leave
、
get
、
win
、
gain
、
lose
等
得失
意义与
for
连用
)
⑧
tell sb.
(
show
、
teach
p>
、
sing
、
wr
ite
、
read
等
告知
意义与
to
连用
)
⑨
give sth. to
sb.
(
give
、
allow
、
promise
、
pass
、
hand
等
授予
意义与
to
连用)
注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成
buy
.
双宾结构。
⑩
say to sb.
(
suggest
、
ex
plain
、
apologize
、<
/p>
murmur
、
whisper
与对象
连用必须用
to
)
不可说
suggest .
。
同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。
look for
(寻找)
agree to sth. hear of
(
听说
)
call
on
(
拜访
)
look to
(
眺望
)
agree with sb. call for
(
需要
)
look at
(看)
agree on sth. hear from
(
收到信
)
call
in
(
请
)
同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异。
reply to the letter
回信,
sing
(
dance
)
to the music
禾口
.
唱(跳),
amount to
达到,加起来有
.....
,
-devote to
把
..
贡献给,
drink to
为
.....
干
杯,
object to
反对,
look forward to
渴望,
come to
苏醒,
belong to
属于,
search
for
搜
...
;
ask
…
for
寻找,
use
…
fo
用作,
leave for
前往,
take
…
< br>fc
误以为,
call of
倡导,
wait for
等待,
care for
喜欢,
make up for
弥补损失,
turn to
求助(救)于,
help on
eself to
随意,
agree to
同意,
compare
…
to
把??…比作,
send
for
派人去请(拿)??…,
sail
for
驶向,航向,
set out
for
动身去,
go in
for
爱好??…。
(
2
)常见“形容词
+
介词”搭配。
afraid of
担心……
angry about / at sth.
afraid
afraid for
替… …而担心
angry
with sb.
anxious for sth.
渴望……
different from
与……不同
anxious
about sth. / sb
担心……
different to
不关…心……
tired of
讨厌
strict with
sb.
tired from/ with
因……疲倦
strict in
sth.
要求严格
good at
擅长
popular with
sb.
受……欢迎
good
for
对……有益
popular
in some place
流行在……
good of sb. to do so
友好
popular for
因
.
......
而
流行
pleased with +
名词或
what
从句
pleased at +
抽象名词(听
/
看到……而高兴)
helpful
to
对……有帮助
known to sb.
为人所知
known for
因
..
而岀名
be familiar
with
熟悉
known
as
作为
.
..
出名
be familiar
to
为
....
熟知
(
悉
)
sorry for
替?…后悔
disappo in ted at
sth.
失望
rich in
富有
.
...
absent from
缺席
absent in
离开此地去了
……
worthy of
值得的,
glad about sth. for
sb.
为某人某事高兴,
far
from
离
........
远,
grateful for sth. to
sb.
为某事感
激某人,
free from
没有
(
免除
)
,
proud of(take pride in)
自豪,
satisfied with
(by)
满意,
sure of / about
确
信,
fond of
喜欢,
fit for
适合,
busy with sth.(in doing sth.)
忙着干某事,
full of
充满,
ready for
准备,
similar to
相似,
wrong
with
不对;有毛病
..................................
(3)
“
名词
+
介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。
the absence of water
缺水
the hope of
success
成功的希望
have a chance of (for) entering college
上大学的机会
take pride
in them
为他们感到骄傲
the key to the question
问题的答案
a medicine
for cough
治咳嗽的药
the ticket for tomorrow
明天的票
his abesence
in Beijing
去了北京
his abesence from Beijing
不在北京
the way to
study
学习方法
the
way of studying maths
学习教学的方法
3
、核心介词用法归纳与辨析
(
1
)
表示时间的介
词
in
的用法如下。
in
,
表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词
女口:
in the 1990s,
in the year, in Jan uary, in (the) win ter /
summer / fall / spri ng, in the first week of May
。
还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:
the morning (afternoon, evening)
。但要注意:
①
at night / at
noon, in the day(
在白天
),in
the night
(
大夜间
)
p>
。
in a
while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short
while, in time, in
②
in five days
(
weeks, mon ths, years
)
中
in
意思是
在
.
...
以后
”。
③
in
和
during
表一段时间内两词可互用。如:
有区别:当接表示
活动
的抽象名词时多用
in
the night, during the night, in the war, during
the war
但略
during
,接
< br>活动
的动名词及短语时用
in
。如:
during the discussion in discussing the
problem
during her stay in Hubei in
playing basketball
during the course of
in digging the tunnel
(
2
)
在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用
on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning
on Christmas
Day(
但
at
Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on
Children
'
s Day
on March
8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of
early on the morning of (
区别:
in the late /
early morning of
on a rainy night, on
warm winter days
⑶表示某一时刻或某一点时间用
at
breakfast(supper, lunch),at six
at noon
(sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)
at the age of 15, at the time of war,
但
in time of dan
ger/ trouble
。
注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。如:
next day
、
last Sunday
、
that morning
、
these years
one
、
each
、
any
、
every
、
some
、
all
修饰时
,
一般不用介词
,
如
some day
one
day
、
yesterday /
afternoon,the night before
(
4
)
till
、
until
、
to
的用法。
①
till(until)
与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与
短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如:
He waited
for me till twelve o
'
clock.
He didn
'
t get
up till(until) 10 a.m.(
不可用
to).
但注意:在句首岀现或强调句型中一般不用
Not until 9 come back to school.
②
to
表终
结
时常用和
from
< br>连用,但要注意不与
from
连用时的意
till
而用
until
。如
:
at,
如小时、分钟等。
on
。
义。如:
from July to September,
from six to(till)eight
(
从
.......
至
U
为止
)
,但
from morning till night
晚
)
,不能用
to
o
from
…
to
常构成习惯搭配,不可换用其他介词。
(
A
)
表持久连续、传递、转移的含义
从早至
from time to
time
(
不时,有时
)
,
from day to day
(
天天
)
,from hand to
hand
(
不断传下去
)
,
from place to place
(处
处,到处),
from side
to side
(
左右摇摆
)
,
from door to door
(家家户户),
from
house to house
(挨家挨户),
from
shop to shop
(—个商店接一个商店)。
(
B
)
表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变
化。
from begi nning to
end
(
从头到尾,自始至终
)
(
from t he beg
inning to the end of
)
;from-ha nd to
mouth
(
仅能糊口
)
,
from bad to
worse
(
越来越糟
)
,
from head to
foot
(
从头到脚
)
,
from top to
bottom
(整个地,彻底地),
from top to toe
(
全身
)
,
from start to finish
(自始至终,从头到
尾)。(
C
)
from one +
名词
+ to another
表示
依次”。女口
from one
car to another
(顺着车厢依次地)。(
D
)名
词
+ by
+
同一单数名词,表示
一个一个地”,要与
from
…
p>
to
短语区别开:
one by one
一个一个地;
little by
<
/p>
little
(
bit
< br>)
一点一点地;
step by step
一步一步地,逐渐地(但
by
and by
不久以后);
sentence by sentence
逐句
地;
day
by day
一天一天地;
side by
side
(
with
?和
)(
并肩,一起;
shoulder to shoulder
肩并肩地,齐心协力;
hand
in hand
手拉手,紧紧地
;face to face
面对面。
(
5
)
in
、
after
、
later
①
in +
一段时间:表示说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般
将来时连用;但表示
时态。
在??…之内”时,用于各种
②
一段时间
+ later
(
later
是副词
)
:
表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。
③
after +
一段时间表示:
在??…之后
,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用
间,用于各种时态。
The
doctor will be with us in six minutes.
She graduated in 1981,and eight years
later she became the manager of the factory.
He received her letter after four
weeks.
另外,
in +
一段时间
+
'
s + tim
与
within +
一段时间的用法如下:
in a
week
'
s time = in a week
They will arrive in three days
'
与将来寸连用
)
after,
即
after
+
点时
My brother
'
s birthday is in two weeks
'
(作
m
表语
)
I
'
ll finish the book within two
weeks.
(
within = in less than
用于各种时态,不超岀,在
.
....
之内
)
(
6
)
地点介词
at
、
on
、
in
、
to
、
across
、
through
、
over
、
under
、
below
。
①
at
在较
小的场所,
in
在较大的场所,
on<
/p>
在??…的平面上。如
at
the
door
、
at the airport
、
at the station
、
at 55 Park Street
、
in
China
、
in the
north
、
in
Asia
、
on the
desk
、
on the
wall
等。
②
on
、<
/p>
at
、
in
还可
以表示两地相对位置。若
无边缘的衔接有
to
。如:
Japan lies to
the east of China.
(
范围之外
)
Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.
(范围之外)
Hunan
province lies on the west of Hubei
province.
(
毗邻
)
The island lies off the coast of
China.
(
相隔一定距离
)
③
地点介词的引申、比喻意义:
in
the sun
在阳光下,
in the dark
(
ness
)
在黑暗中,
in the dark
不知道,
in
freezing weather
在严寒天气中,
in the
mud
在泥中,
in the earth
在地下
,
in the desert
在沙漠中
,
in a heavy
rain
在
大雨中,
A
地属于
B
地,用
in;A
地位于
B
地的外面且有边缘衔接用
< br>
on
;
in the snow / wind
在雪
/
风中
,in public
当众,
in trouble
在困境中,
get into trouble
陷入困境,
out of
trouble
摆脱困难,
beyond hope
绝望。
④
across
在物体表面
穿过”
through
则表示在三维空间内部
They walked across the playground.
I walked through the forest.
⑤
over / un der /
above / below
。
o
ver
、
above
译作在
.....
之上”
under
、
below
译作在
.
......
的下面”其区别在于
over
、
under
表示一种直接
< br>
的、垂直的上下关系;而
above
、
below
则表示一般的
“高于”或“低于”,不一定是垂直
“在上”或“在下”。如:
A
little boat is now under the bridge.
There is a bridge over the river.
The sun sinks below the
horizon
(
地平线
)
The window is well above the tree.
⑥
表示地点介词的静态性和动态性
He
walked to the station
(静态,表示方向和目的地)
He
walked towards the station.
(
动态,只表示方向
)
He is kind to <
/p>
(
towards
)
us.
(两者通用)
He
is at the station.
(
静态,表示地点
)
They arrived at
the station.
(
动态,表示地点
)
He swam away
from the ship.
(
动态
“离开
”)
He stood away
from the shop.
(
静态
“远离
”)
He fell onto
the floor.
(
动态
“到地面
”)
The city is on
the Changjiang River.
(
静态“平面”)
Go off
the road.
偏离了道路(动态
“离去
”)
Come along the river.
沿着河过来(线)
across
the fields
跨过田野
;
over the desert
跨越沙漠
across the
river
横跨这条河
.
...
;
over the
hill
翻过这座山
be in
the house
(
静态,在这里
..
)
stay out of
the car
(
静态,在
..
外
)
go into the
house
(
动态,进入
)
fly out of the
country
(
动态,离开
)
高中英语语法复习专题讲解
-
介词连词
穿过”女口:
7
)表示方式、手段、工具的介词
①
by the
year/hour/day
按年
/
小时
/
天。女口
He rent a
house by the year(day,hour).(
按
by+the+
单位名称
)
但
to the
pound
按磅算,
to the ton
按吨计。
②
表泛指的方式、手段
by
post/mail
邮寄,
by
telephone(radio),
但
on the phone/on the radio/on TV(
电讯器材
)
,
by electricity
用电,
by
machinery
用电器,
by hard work,learn heart,through the
satellite,through practice,through his own
efforts,through
experience,through the
telescop
③
交通工具类
by
bus/train/car/taxi(road)
by
bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot
by
plane/jet/spaceship,by air
by
ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water
另外:
by means of
用
...
方法,
by way of
经由,取道于,用
.
...
方法,
with the help
(permission)of sb./with
sb.
'
s help (perm-is
sion)
。
④
表方式、手段的其他用法
He
beat the dog with a whip.(with+
工具机器
)
One smells with his nose.(with+
人体器官,但
by ha nd
手工,用手”)
He stood
up with pride.(with+
情绪、情感、态度的名词
)
注意:使用语言、材料、文字等用
in
。如
in English(ink,pencil)
。另外如:
in high
(good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in
comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in
danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in
tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good
order,in flower,in a way,in a low
voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a
hurry,in(with)words ,live/feed on food,kneel on
one
s
knee,take(catch
出其不意
e()
(8)
表示
除??…之外”的几组常用介绍比较。
①
besides
< br>除??…以外,
(
还有
)
。作副词时意思是
而且,更何况”。
Well all
went to the cinema besides Shaw.
除了肖外,我们都去了电影院。
It
was too late to see a film, and besides, I was
tired.
②
except
p>
除去,除??…之外
(
不再有
)
。
We all
went except John.
我们都去了,约翰没有。
在否定句中,两词可以换用,如:
He has no other hats except / besides
this one.
③
except for
除了
??(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明
)
后接名词、代词或
what
从句,此时与
except
that +
句子意思相同。
'