美国 宪法全文中英文版

第四条

第一款

各 州对其它各州的公共法案、记录、和司法程序

,

应给予完全的信 赖和尊重。

国会得制定一般法律

,

用以 规定这种法案、记录、和司法程序如何证明以及具有何等效力。

第二款

每州公民应享受各州公民所有之一切特权及豁免。凡在任何一州被控犯有叛

国罪、重罪或其它罪行者

,

逃出法外而在另一州被缉 获时

,

该州应即依照该罪犯所逃出之州

的行政当局之请求

,

将该罪犯交出

,< /p>

以便移交至该犯罪案件有管辖权之州。凡根据一州之法

律应在该州 服役或服劳役者

,

逃往另一州时

,

不得因另一州之任何法律或条例

,

解除其服 役

或劳役

,

而应依照有权要求该项服役 或劳役之当事一方的要求

,

把人交出。

第三款

国会得准许新州加入联邦

；

如无有关各州之州议会及国会之同 意

,

不得于任

何州之管辖区域内建立新 州

；

亦不 得合并两州或数州、或数州之一部分而成立新州。国

会有权处置合众国之属地及其它产业

,

并制定有关这些属地及产业的一切必要的法规和章

,

不得作有损于合众国或任 何一州之权利的解释。

第四款

合众国保证联邦中的每一州皆 为共和政体

,

保障它们不受外来的侵略

；并

且根据各州州议会或行政部门

(

当州议会不能召集时

)

,

平定其内部的暴乱。

第五条

举凡两院议员各以三分之二的多数认为必要时

,

国会应提出对本宪法的修正案；

或

者

,

当现 有诸州三分之二的州议会提出请求时

,

国会应召集修宪大会

,

以上两种修正案

,

如经

诸州四分之三的州议会或四分之三的州修宪大会批准时

,

即成为本宪法之一部分而发生全

部效力

,

至于采用那一种批准方式

,

则由国会 议决；但一八

○

八年以前可能制定之修正案

,

在

任何情形下

,

不得影响本宪法第一条第九款之第一、第四两项

；任 何一州

,

没有它的同意

,

不得被剥夺它在参议院中的平等投票权。

第六条

合众国政府于本宪法被批准之前所积欠之债务及所签订之条约

,

于本宪法通过后

,

< br>具

有和在邦联政府时同等的效力。

本宪法及依本宪法所制 定之合众国法律；

以及合众国已经

缔结及将要缔结的一切条约< /p>

,

皆为全国之最高法律；

每个州的法官都应受其约束

,

任何一州

宪法或法律中的任何内容与之抵触时

,

均不得有违这 一规定。前述之参议员及众议员

,

各州

州议会议员

,

合众国政府及各州政府之一切行政及司法官员

,

均应宣誓或誓愿拥护本宪法；

但合众国政 府之任何职位或公职

,

皆不得以任何宗教标准作为任职的必要条 件。

第七条

本宪法经过九个州的制宪大会批准后

,

即在批准本宪法的各州之间开始生效。

本宪法于公元１７８７ 年

,

即美利坚合众国独立后第１２年的９月１７日

,

经出席制

宪会议的各州在会上一致同意后制定。我 们谨在此签名作证。

?

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

March 4, 1789

Preamble

We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish

justice,

insure

domestic

tranquility,

provide

for

the

common

defense,

promote

the

general

welfare,

and

secure

the

blessings

of

liberty

to

ourselves

and

our

posterity,

do

ordain

and

establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Article I

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the

United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every

second

year

by

the

people

of

the

several

states,

and

the

electors

in

each

state

shall

have

the

qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature.

No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty

five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected,

be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which

may

be

included

within

this

union,

according

to

their

respective

numbers,

which

shall

be

determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for

a term

of

years, and

excluding

Indians not

taxed, three

fifths

of all other Persons. The

actual

Enumeration

shall

be

made

within

three

years

after

the

first

meeting

of

the

Congress

of

the

United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by

law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but

each state shall have at least one Representative

；

and until such enumeration shall be made, the

state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and

Providence

Plantations

one,

Connecticut

five,

New

York

six,

New

Jersey

four,

Pennsylvania

eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and

Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any state, the executive authority

thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers

；

and shall have

the sole power of impeachment.

Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from

each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years

；

and each Senator shall have one

ately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be

divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall

be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth

year, and the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every

second year

；

and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the

legislature of any state, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next

meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and

been nine years a citizen of the United States and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant

of that state for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have

no vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the

absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United

States.

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that

purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried,

the Chief Justice shall preside: And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two

thirds of the members present.

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from

office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United

States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial,

judgment and punishment, according to law.

Section 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and

Representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof

；

but the Congress

may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing

Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on

the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different n 5. Each

House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a

majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business

；

but a smaller number may adjourn

from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such

manner, and under such penalties as each House may provide.

Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for

disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member.

Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the

same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy

；

and the yeas and nays of

the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be

entered on the journal.

Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other,

adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall

be sitting.

Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their

services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in

all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their

attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the