舞狮翻译介绍

Lion Dance

What is Lion Dance?

Lion Dance is a traditional art form that incorporates physical training commonly

associated with

martial

arts and

ascetic expressions

.

It is

a folk show

performed by

one or two persons wrapped around with lion skin costume. Like the

dragon lantern

dance

,

lion

dance

is

usually

performed

during

the

Chinese

New

Year

and

other

Chinese

traditional,

cultural

and

religious

festivals.

It

may

also

be

performed

at

important occasions such as business opening events, special celebrations or wedding

ceremonies, or may be used to entertain special guests by the Chinese communities.

The Chinese lion dance is often mistakenly referred to asdragon dance. An easy

way to tell the differences is that a lion is normally operated by one or two dancers,

while a dragon needs

many people. Also,

in

a lion dance, the performers' faces

are

only

seen

occasionally,

since

they

are

inside

the

lion.

In

a

dragon

dance,

the

performers' faces can be easily seen since the dragon is held on poles.

History of Lion Dance

There has been an old tradition in China of dancers wearing masks to resemble

animals or mythical beasts. However, lion is not native to China. According to textual

research, lions in China were originally introduced from West Asia through the

Silk

Road

In

Buddhist

culture

,

lion

is

the

animal

ridden

by

Bodhisattva

Manjusri

that

was

introduced

to

China

along

with

Buddhism

,

together

with

the

real

lion

dance

performed

by

the

animal.

Since

sending

lions

to

China

was

not

an

easy

job

accompanied by hardships, very few lions finally arrived at the destination. Therefore,

the real lion dance was only limited to the

imperial palace

and wealthy families, and

common people never had the chance to watch it. Therefore, the folk artists created

idealized

works

of

lions

through

imagination

according

to

records

or

legends,

and

highlighted the broad forehead, upturned nose and open mouth with traditional

divine

and

auspicious decorations

, presenting the mighty force and liveliness of lions. In the

lion dance, people perform the role of lions.

The earliest use of the word “shizi” meaning lion first appeared in Han Dynasty.

Detailed

descriptions

of

Lion

Dance

appeared

during

the

Tang

Dynasty

and

it

was

already recognized by writers and poets then as a foreign dance. However, lion dance

may have been recorded in China as early as the third century AD where

was referred to by

Meng Kang

in a commentary on

Hanshu

. In the early periods it had

association

with

Buddhism:

it

was

recorded

in

a

Northern

Wei

text,

Description

of

Buddhist Temples in Luoyang, that a parade for a statue of Buddha of a temple was

1

led by a lion to drive away evil spirits.

There were different versions of the dance in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang court,

the

lion

dance

was

called

the

Great

Peace

Music

or

the

Lion

Dance

of

the

Five

Directions where five large lions of different colors and expressing different moods

were

each

led

and

manipulated

on

rope

by

two

persons,

and

accompanied

by

140

singers. Another version of the lion dance was described by the Tang poet

Bai Juyi

in

his poem

Western Liang Arts

who wore a lion costume made of a wooden head, a silk tail and furry body, with eyes

gilded with gold and teeth plated with silver as well as ears that moved, a form that

resembles today's lion dance. During the Song Dynasty the lion dance was commonly

performed

in

festivals

and

it

was

known

as

the

Northern

Lion

during

the

Southern

Song.

The Southern Lion is a later development in the south of China, originating in

the Guangdong province. There are a number of myths associated with the origin of

this

dance:

one

story

relates

that

the

dance

originated

as

a

celebration

in

a

village

where a mythical monster called Nian was successfully driven away. Another has it

that

the

Qianlong

Emperor

dreamt

of

an

auspicious

animal

while

on

a

tour

of

Southern

China,

and

ordered

that

the

image

of

the

animal

be

recreated

and

used

during festivals.

Types of Lion Dances

1)

Types by style

The gentle style shows the lion’s gentleness and loveliness by grabbing t

he ball,

playing

with

the

ball,licking

its

fur,

shaking

its

fur,

scratching,

rubbing

its

ears,

caressing the lion cub, etc.

The wild style focuses on lion’s aggressiveness and high skills such as walking

on

the

ball,

scrambling

for

the

ball,

rolling

the

ball,

diving

the

ball,

jumping

and

turning, climbing, walking on the seesaw, walking on pointed stakes and other highly

skill-demanding feats. The wild style performance can be soul stirring as it displays

the lion’s majesty and wildness.

2)

Types by geography

During the more than 2,000 years of development, the lion dance has developed

into two major genres - the Northern Lion Dance and the Southern Lion Dance.

The Northern Lion Dance mainly focuses on the performance of a martial lion

dance. The dance of a small lion is performed by one person, and the dance of a big

lion is played by two people, with one wielding the lion head while standing, and the

other wielding the lion body and tail while stooping down. Guided by the lion dancers,

the

lion

writhes,

falls

forward,

jumps

and

bows,

as

well

as

does

some

other

highly

difficult movements, such as walking on wooden or bamboo stakes, jumping over a

table, and stepping on a rolling ball.

2

Southern

Lion

Dancemainly

focuses

on

the

performance

of

the

civilian

lion

dance. The performance pays a lot of attention to movements like scratching an

itch

,

shaking the hair and licking the hair.

Up today, the lion dance has formed itslocal features and styles.

In

Hebei,

the

lions

are

strong

and

vigorous,

capable

of

climbing

and

jumping

from one big table to the next up to five.

In Guangdong, the lions can climb the high bamboo pole and pick the present on

the top of the pole.

In Anhui ,the lions can perform with lighted candles on their body.

In Sichuan, the lions can walks on high tilts and platform.

Modern development of Lion Dance

The

LionDance

has

evolved

considerably

since

the

early

days

when

it

was

perform as a skill part of Chinese martial arts, and has grown into a more artistic art

that takes into accounts the lion's expression and the natural movements, as well as a

more elaborate

acrobatic style

and skill during performances. This maybe performed

as a cultural performance or during competitions. This evolution and development has

produced the modern form of lion dance.

Lion

dance

has

spread

across

the

world

due

to

the

worldwide

presence

of

the

Chinese

communities

and

immigrant

settlers

in

many

countries

in

the

Americas,

Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Pacific Polynesia, and in particular, in South East Asia

where

there

is

a

large

overseas

Chinese

lion

dance

is

seen

as

a

representative

part

of

Chinese

culture

in

many

overseas

Chinese

communities.

However, the local banning of the lion dance once occurred in some countries.

In the 1960s and 1970s, during the era when the Hong Kong's Chinese classic

and

martial

arts

movies

are

very

popular,

kungfu

movies

including

Jet

Li's

“

HuangFeiho< /p>

ng”

actually

indirectly

showed

and

indicated

how

lion

dance

was

practiced with the kung fu close co- relation and kung fu during that time. Those days,

the lion dance was mostly practiced and perform as kung fu skills, with the challenge

for the 'lion' built of chairs and tables stack up together for the 'lions' to perform its

stunts

and accomplish its challenge.

特色文化词汇

【

ascetic express ions

】

苦行主义表达，

苦行主义来 自于对于肉体欲望的克制，

其代表人物

有赫拉克利特（参见西方 哲学史）

，他认为灵魂有水和火组成，优秀的灵魂主要是由高贵的

火组成的干燥的灵魂。如果水在灵魂中占主导，就会变得快乐，但也意味着灵魂的死亡。因

此他主张克制自身的情欲，去获得高贵的灵魂。

【

dragon lantern dance

】

龙灯舞，是一种古老的汉族民俗舞蹈。反映了古代汉族人民对龙

3

的崇拜。

【

Silk Road

】

丝绸之路

【

Buddhist culture

】

佛教文化

【

Bodhisattva Manjusri

】

文殊菩萨，文殊菩萨是如来佛祖怙恃之一，梵名

Ma ?ju?rī

，音

译作文殊师利、曼殊室利、满祖室哩，意译 为妙德、妙吉祥、妙乐、法王子。

【

imperial palace

】

皇宫

【

divine

】

神，上帝< /p>

【

auspicious decorations

】

吉祥装饰

【

Meng Kang

】

孟康为三国曹魏时著名学者，精通地理、天文、小学，其主要著述为《汉

书音 义》

。

【

H anshu

】

《汉书》

，又名《前汉书 》

，中国古代历史著作。东汉班固所著，是中国第一部

纪传体断 代史。

【

Bai Juyi