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英语谚语简介

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2021-02-16 23:44
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2021年2月16日发(作者:熄灭)


英语谚语简介



郑国贤



西方人在讲话中常常喜欢引用谚语。谚语是很简短又很简练的句子表达人们长久岁月


里累积下来的经验和智慧,用起来又方便又达意。正如塞凡蒂斯(


C ervantes


)所说


Proverbs


are short sentences drawn from long experience.


许多英文谚语成为西方人士日常谈话中常用的口头语。为了促 进中西方人士的交往,


相互了解和友谊,


懂一些英文谚语是有一 定好处的。


从语言的角度看,


英文谚语的语言精练


.



生动、


想象化,


有时地地道道的英语,所以也是学习英语的很好材料。


现在从几方面谈 谈英


语谚语。



一、来源方面:英文谚 语是十分丰富多彩的,因为英文谚语不单来自说英语的民族,


其中许多是引自其他国家或 民族的,沿用久了也成为英语谚语。兹举一些例子如下:



1




Nothing happens for nothing.


(法国)无风不起浪,无火不生烟。



2




One



Take this



is better than two



I



ll give you.



(西班牙)十赊不如一现。



3




He who would gather roses muse not fear thorns.


(荷兰)要采玫瑰就别怕刺。



4




Who knows most says least.


(意大利)博学者寡言。



5




Too much wisdom is folly.


(德国)过分聪明就是愚蠢。



6




What may be done at any time will be done at no time.


(英格兰)认为随时可以完成的

工作往往反而不能完成。



7




Throw a lucky man into the sea, and he



ll come up with a fish in his mouth.


(阿拉伯)


把走运的人扔到海里,他将口 含一条鱼上来。



8




When I had money everyone called me brother.


(波兰)有钱时人人叫我兄弟。



9




A busy mother makes slothful daughter.


(葡萄牙)勤劳的母亲造成懒惰的女儿。



10



Keep quiet and people will think you a philosopher.


(拉丁 )保持沉默人们就会想你是


个哲学家。



11



No road is long with good company.


(土耳其)路上有良伴不觉路途远。



12



He who is of no use to himself is of no use to any one.

< br>(丹麦)对自己无用的人对任何


人也无用。



13



Gray hair is a sign of age, not of wisdom.



希腊)


白发是年老的标志不是智慧的象征。



14



Behind had luck comes good luck.


(吉卜赛)塞翁失马,焉知非福;福兮祸 所伏,祸


兮福所依。



15



At open doors dogs come in.


(俄罗斯)门不关,狗就会进来;慢藏诲盗。



英文谚语除了人们长期生活中积累下来的以外,


不少英文谚语是引自名家 语录或名著中


的警句,也有一些引自圣经。兹举一些例子如下:



16



First come, first served.


——包蒙。弗莱彻(


Beaumont and Fletcher


)先到先招待;捷


足先登。

< br>


17



What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.


——布朗(



Tom Brown


——


New


Maxims


)适用于甲者也适用于乙。



18



Comparisons are odious.


——柏顿(


Burton


)人比人气死人。



19



One swallow does not make a summer.


——塞凡蒂斯(

Cervantes


)一燕不成夏;不能


由一个现象而定为 通例。



20



The proof of the pudding is in the eating.


——塞凡蒂斯(


Cervantes


)要检验布丁就要


吃一吃 。



21



Tall oaks form little acorns grow.


——爱维利特(


David Everett


)大橡树长自小槠子。



22



Handsome is that handsome does.


——哥德斯密(


Go ldsmith


)行为漂亮才是漂亮。



23



Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today.

< br>——富兰克林


(Franklin)


今日事


今日闭。



24



God



s mills grind slow but sure.


——赫伯特(


Herbert< /p>


)天网恢恢疏而不漏。



25



Whose house is of glass must not throw stones at another.(Those who live in glass houses


should not throw stones.)


——赫伯特(


Herbert< /p>


)自己有短处,不要去揭别人的短处。



26



Set the cart before the horse.


——海伍德(


John Heywood


)本末倒置。



27



Two heads are better than one.


——海伍德(


John Heywood


)两人智慧胜一人。



28



A new broom sweeps clean.


——李里(


Lily


)新官上任三把火。



29



Strike the iron whilst it is hot.


——拉伯雷(


Rabelais


)趁热打铁;见机行事。



30



Blood is thicker than water.


——司各脱(


Sco tt


)血浓于水;亲人总比外人亲。



31



The burnt child dreads the fire.


——章生(


Ben Johnson


)一次被火烫,见火就害怕。



32



A carpenter



s known by his chi ps.


——斯威夫特(


Swift


)从 木匠的片屑知其手艺。



33



Caution is the eldest child of wisdom.


——雨果(


Victor Hugo


)谨慎是智慧的长子。



34



Ever why hath a wherefore.


——莎士比亚(


Shakespea re


)凡事均有原因



35



Brevity is the soul of wit.


——莎士比亚(


Shakespea re


)言以简洁为贵。



36



All



s well that ends well.


——莎士比亚(


S hakespeare


)结局好,一切好。


< br>37



There


< p>
s a tie for all things.


——莎士比亚(


Shakespeare


)做事要当其时。



38



As a tree falls, so shall it lie.


——圣经



树倒在何处就躺在何处


(指自然规律无法违背)



39



Pride goes before a fall.


——圣经



骄者必败



40



Physician, heal thyself.


——圣经



医生,只好你自己的病吧。



41



Who digs a pit for his brother, he himself falls in it.


——圣经



挖陷坑的,


自己必掉其中。



42



Sow the wind and reap the


whirlwind


.

< p>
——圣经



干坏事必将遭到加倍报应;


恶有恶报。



43



A house divided against itself cannot stand.


——圣经



一家自相分争就站立不住。



44



A living dog is better than a dead lion.


——圣经



死狮不如活犬。



45



Gossip and lying go hand in hand.


——圣经



爱说长道短的必然会撒谎。



46



A soft answer turns away wrath


——圣经



婉言可以释怒。



47



Don



t cast pearls before swine.


——圣经



不要把珍珠丢在猪前。



48



Reap as one has sown.


——圣经



种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。



49



If he blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.


——圣经



若是瞎子领瞎 子,两


个人都要掉在坑里。



二、结构 方面:


谚语的一个主要特点是简洁和精练,所以它常是一个简短的句子。


兹把


较常见的几种句型结构介绍如下:




1


)简单句。这种包括一个主语和一个谓语的简单 句,占英语谚语中主要一部分。其


中不少是精辟的短句。兹举一些例子如下:

< p>


50



Facts are stubborn.


事实是改变不了的。



51



Adversity is a good discipline.


逆境使人坚强。



52



Appearances are deceitful.


外表靠不住。



53



Well begun is half done.


能善其始事已半成。



54



Half a loaf is better than no bread.


有胜于无。



55



Every cloud has a silver lining.


祸中必有福。



56



Cheapest is dearest..


便宜无好货。



57



Homer sometimes nods.


智者千虑,必有一失。



58



Every cook praises his own broth.


厨子总是称赞自己做的汤。



59



Mere words will not fill a bushel.


空言无补。



60



Still waters run deep.


静水深流;深谋寡言。



61



A rolling stone gathers no moss.


滚石不生苔,转业不聚财;见异思迁,一事无成。



62



No piper can please all ears.


一人难称百人意。



63



No news is good news.


没有消息就是好消息。



64



Habit is a second nature.


习惯是第二天性。



65



It' s never too late to mend.


改不过嫌晚。



66



Seeing is believing.


眼见为实。



67



Silence gives consent.


沉默即同意。




2


)用


He


who



句型。这种用


He


who



句型带一定语 从句的主从复合句,在英文谚


语中颇为常见。兹举数例如下:



68



He who pursues two hares catches neither.


同时追两兔,双落空。



69



He who grasps too much holds nothing fast.


抓太多,握不牢;贪多必失。



70



He who spares the bad injures the good.


宽恕坏人就是伤害好人。



71



He who does not advance fails backward.


不进则退。



72



He who fears not death cars not for threats.


四都不怕,哪怕威胁。



73



Those who sleep with dogs will rise up wish fleas.


近墨者黑。



74



He laughs best who laughs last.


谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。



75



People who are too sharp out their own fingers.


太厉害的人往往反伤害自己。



76



He who makes a mouse of himself will be eaten by the cats.


自己示弱被人欺。



77



He that mischief hatches, mischief catches.


还人者终将害己。




3


)带一状语从句的主从复合句。兹举数例如下:



78



When the night is darkest, dawn



s nearest.


夜里最按的时刻,最接近黎明。



79



Make hay while the sun shines.


趁机行事。



80



If you cannot have the best, make the best of what you have.


如果没有较好的就充分利


用现有的。



81



If you wish peace, prepare for war.


要和平,就要备战。



82



When wine is in, wit is out.


酒醉智昏。



83



Where there is smoke, there is fire.


无火不生烟。



84



Where there is a will, there is a way.


有志者事竟成。



85



As you make your bed, so you must lie on it.


自作自受,自食其果。



86



When the cat is away the mice will play.


猫儿跑不会,

< p>
耗子闹;


大王部在,


小鬼跳梁。

< br>


87



The best fish smell when they are three days old.


再好的欲三天也要变臭;


久住招人嫌。




4


)无连词无动词的并列复合句。较 古老的英文谚语常保留这种形式,按其内容来说


应是主从复合句,大多数是说明条件或对 比。用无连词无动词的并列复合句来表


达使结构简单用次精练。


如:


Out of sight, out of mind. (=If is someone is out of sight,


he will be soon pass out of mind.)


别久疏情。类似这种结构的谚语不 少。兹举一些


例子如下:



88



Much cry, little wool.


说得多,做得少;雷声大,雨点小。



89



Like father, like son.(


与这相似者有:


Like mother, like daughter.



Like master, like man.



Like tree, like fruit.



)


有其父必有其子。


.


90



Sound in body, sound in mind.


有健全的身体才有见群的精神。



91



Many men, many mind.


人多意见多。



92



Much coin, much care.


财产多,忧虑多。



93



No mill, no meal.


不磨面,没饭吃。



94



Other times, other manner.


俗随时迁。



95



Out of debt, out of danger.


无债一身轻。



96



Soon hot, soon cold.


热得快,冷得快。



97



No cross, no crown.


无苦即无乐。



98



No pains, no gains..


无劳无获。



99



No song, so supper.


不干活不给饭吃。



100



Penny wise, pound foolish.


小事聪明,大事糊涂。



101



Great boasters, little doers.


善吹者不善做。



< br>5


)无连词的并列复合句。有些谚语用无连词的并列复合句来表达条件句的内容以 达


到结构简单用词精练的目的。


如:


E asy come, easy go. (=If the money comes easily, it


will go easily.)


来得容易去得快(指钱财 )


。兹把这一类型的谚语举些例子如下:



102



Fast bind, fast find.


藏得好,丢不了。



103



First come, first served.


先到先招待。



104



Ill-got, ill- spent.


来得不正,去得不正。



105



Self do, self have.


自作自受。



另有一些谚 语用并列的命令式来表达条件句的内容。


通常第一句是条件从句,


第二句是


表示结果的主句。如:


Grasp all, lose all. (=If you try to get too much, you may lose


everything.


贪多必失。



106



Waste nor, want not.


不浪费,不愁缺。



107



Sow nothing, reap nothing.


无所种,无所收。



108



Love me, love my dog.


爱屋及乌。



109



Talk much, err much.


多话多错;言多必失。



有些谚语把宾语放在动词前面,如:



110



Nothing venture, nothing have.


不入虎穴,焉得虎子。



111



Nothing seek, nothing find.


无所求则无所获。



112



Nothing ask, nothing have.


无所问则无所得。



113



Harm set, harm get.


害人者反害己。




6



有连词的并列复合句。


不少谚语用有连词的并列复合句来表达主从复合句的内容。


有一些是用 连词


and


前面用命令句的形式,如:


Make yourself a lamb and wolf will


eat you. (=If you make yourself a lamb, the wolf will eat you.)


自己示弱被人欺。不少


谚语采用这种结构。 兹举些例子如下:



114



Give him an inch, and he



ll take a mile. (



an all)


得寸进尺。



115



Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves.


小事注意,大事


自成;积少可以成多。



116



Talk of evil, and he



ll appear.


说曹操,曹操就到。



117



Tell me whom you associate with and I



ll tell you who you are.


从其交友知其为人。



118



Give a fool rope enough, and he



ll hang himself.


放任傻瓜等于害他。



119



Touch pitch and you will be defiled.


近墨者黑。



120



Help yourself and your friends will help you.


先自助然后人助之。



121



Respect man and he will do the same.


尊敬人,人也尊敬您。



122



Play with an ass and he



ll whisk his tall in your face.


跟傻瓜玩笑只有自讨没趣。



有的谚语把第二分句的主语省略,如:



123



Marry in haste and repent at leisure.


匆匆结婚姻,闲来悔不尽。



124



Laugh and grow fat.


心宽体胖。


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