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第三章、英文合同常用虚词（
Usual Function Word
s
）
1
．
Here/there/where+
介词构成的古体词
基本规则：
Here
代表
< br>this
，
there
代表
that
，
where
代表
which
或
what
即
here
/there/where+
介词
=
介词
+th
is/that/which or what
l Hereby: by
means of; by reason of
this.
特此，由此，兹等意。
例句：
The Buyer hereby orders
from the Seller the undermentioned goods
su
bject to the following
conditions:
买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：
l Herein
：
in
this
。此中，于此。
例句：
The minimum royalty
herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party
A.
在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。
l Hereinafter: later in the same
Contract.
以下，在下文。通常与
to be
referred
to as, referred as, called
连用。
例句：
This Agreement is made
and concluded on ______, (date)____(year),
by and between _____(hereinafter called
Party A) on the one hand and
_____
(hereinafter called Party B) on
the other hand.
本协议书于
____
年
___
月
___<
/p>
日
由
_____
（以下简称甲方）为一方，与
_____(
以下简称乙方
)
为另一方签订。
l Hereof
：
of this<
/p>
。关于此点，在本文件中。
Hereunder
< br>：
under this.
本文件规
定。
例句：
Both parties agree to
attempt to resolve all disputes between the
partie
s with respect to the application
or interpretation of any term hereof of
transact
ion hereunder, through amicable
negotiation.
合同双方就本合同规定交易任一
条款
的适用和解释所产生的所有争议同意力求通过友好协商予以解决。
l Hereto
：
to this.
本文件的。
Thereof
：
of that.
它的，其。
Thereto<
/p>
：
to that
与之，
向那里。
例句：
“Licensed Products” means
the device
s and products described in
Sch
edule 1 annexed hereto together with
all improvement and modification
thereo
f or development with respect
thereto. “
特许产品
”
系指
在本协议附件
1
中所述
的装置和产品，
及其全部改进和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。
l
Herewith
：
with this.
与此，附此。
Thereby
：
b
y that means.
因此，由此，从而
例句：
In any one or more of the
provisions contained in this Contract or any
d
ocument executed in connection
herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in
any respect under any applicable law,
the validity and enforceability of the
re
maining provisions contained herein
shall not in any way be affected thereby.
如果根据现行法律，本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或
不能履
行，本合同其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。
l
Thereafter: after that
，
after
wards.
此后。
例句：
The Contract for the
contractual joint venture shall continue from a
peri
od o two years thereafter.
本合作经营企业合同，此后应持续有效两年。
l
Therein: in that; in that particular context; in
that respect.
在那里；在那点上；
在那方面。<
/p>
例句：
The Leased
Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when
the bui
lding therein is substantially c
ompleted.
当在那里的建筑物实质完成时，该租赁
房屋
才认为适合占有居住。
l
Therewith
：
with
that.
以此；此外。
例句：
The Employer shall
indemnify and save harmless the Contractor
again
st and from the same and against
and from all claims, proceedings,
damages,
costs, charges and expenses
whatsoever arising there out or in connection th
erewith.
业主应赔偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿、支出、花
费、费用，不论因本
合同产生或与其相关，并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。
l Whereby: by the agreement; by
the following terms and conditions, etc.
凭此
协议，凭此条款等。
例句：
This Agreement is made
and concluded by and between AA
Corporatio
n (hereinafter referred to as
Party A) and BB Company (hereinafter referred
to
as Party B) whereby the Parties
hereto agree to enter into the compensation
t
rade under the terms and conditions
set forth below:
本协议由
AA
公司（以下
简称甲方）和
BB
公司（以下简称乙方）签订。双方同意按下列条款进行补偿
贸易。（本句中省略未译
）
2
．
WITNESSETH,
Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS
WIT
NESS, Know All Men by these
presents
，
In witness Whereof,
In Testimony W
hereof, Undersigned.
WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now
Therefore
用于英文合同前言部分，
In
witnes
s Whereof
用于合同结尾证明部分，在第
二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及，恕不
赘述。
l In Testimony Whereof: in Witness
Whereof.
以此为证，特立此证。
例句：
In Testimony Whereof we
have hereto signed this Document on _____
(date) accepted on _____ (date).
我方于
__
年
__
月
__
日签署本文件，并于
__
年
_
_
月
__
日接受该文件，特此为证。
l NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS:
兹特立约为据
,
本句话也是用于
WHER
EAS
条款之后引出具体协议事项
。
例句：
NOW THESE
PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between
the parties hereto as follows:
兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：
l KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:
根据本文件，特此宣布。（通常用于前
言部分）
例句：
KNOW ALL MEN by these
presents that we_____(bank’s
name)having
our registered
office at ______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”)
will be bou
nd u
nto _____(the
Owner’s name)(hereinafter called “the Owner”) in
the sum of __
__ for payment well and
truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank will
bind
itself, its successors and better
assignee by these presents.
根据本文件，兹
宣布，我行，（银行名称），其注册地点在（以下简称本银行）向（业主名称）
（以下简称本业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对本银行及
其继受
人和受让人均具有约束力。
l Undersigned:<
/p>
法律文件末尾的签名者
,
前面加定冠词<
/p>
the,
是指文件签署者的自
称。
例句：
The undersigned
Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the
following tr
ansaction in accordance
with the terms and conditions stipulated as follow
s:
兹
经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。<
/p>
3
．
Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite.
即使，尽管。
例
1
：
Notwithstanding any
other provisions to the contrary herein, insurance
c
overage and limits shall be subject to
approval of all the parties.
即使有与本合
同相悖的规定，保险范围和责任限制应以合同各方同意为准。
例
2
：
Notwiths
tanding Article 2.2, the parties may agree to
extend the Expirati
on date to such date
as is reasonable in the circumstances if any of
the condit
ions precedent referred to in
Article 2.1 is not satisfied or waived on or
before
the Expiration Date, any such
agreement or waiver to be in writing.
尽
管有本
合同第二条第二款规定，如上述第二条第一款规定的先决条件在合同期满日之
前既未实现又未放弃，合同各方亦可根据具体情况，约定合理延长合同的期满
日。
4
．
As
合同英语中
as
出现的频率极高，而且用法灵活多变，是典型的
自由人。在某种
意义上讲，
as
使用的
熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣。具体用法和含义见以
下实例：
l As
放在代表规定的
pro
vide
，
stipulate
，
set forth
，
prescribe
等词的过去分词
前，含义为
“
依照某某规定
”
。
例
1
：
For
purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted
hypothetically as
provided for in
Section 4.6 herein.
基于此，应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资<
/p>
金账户。
例
2
：
based on their respective
Venture interests as set forth in Section 5.2
h
ereof.
基于本合同第五条第二款规定的各方在合资公司中的权益。
l
另有
Except as
otherwise provided
结构，表示
“
除非本文
/
某条款另有规定
”
。
例句：
Except as otherwise
provided herein, all notices or demands sent by
re
gistered airmail shall be deemed
received 8 days after they have been sent
a
nd notices or demands sent by telex
shall be deemed received at the time of
t
he dispatch thereof.
除非本合同另有
规定，所有通知和请求以航空挂号信寄出
则发出后
8
日应视为送达收悉，以电传方式发出则在发送时视为收悉。
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