-
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下列定义所表示的名称
:
1.a
minimum unit of meaning :(morpheme)
2.a
morpheme to which affixescan be added : (root)
3.a linguistic form that
can occur as an independent word: (free
form)
4.a
morpheme that must occur with at least one other
morpheme: (bound form)
5.a
bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem):
(affix)
affix
attached to the beginning of a base (root or stem
): (prefix)
affix attached to the end of a base (root or stem)
: (suffix)
affix
(in
English,usually
a
suffix)
that
changes
the
form
of
a
word
without
changing its part of
speech or basic meaning: (inflectional
affix)
process
by
which
noninfectional
affixes
are
added
to
roots
to
form
words:
(derivation)
process
of
joining
together
two
linguistic
forms
which
can
function
independently :
(compounding)
各组单词中共同的粘着词根、其词源及语义
:
ic,acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,
acouphone:(acou-
听
,GK)
2aerodomestics,erodrome,erodynamic,aerofoil,a
erogramme,aerolite,aerography,aeron
auti
cs,aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere:
(aero-
空气
GK)
,agent,agile,
active,actor,a
ctual,enact,inactive,transact,interact,react:(ag-,
ac-
做
L)
an,agricul
tural,agriculture,agrimotor,agrobiology,agrochemic
al,agrology,agron
omic,agronomy,agrostol
ogy,agrotechnique,agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype:
(agr-
土
地
L
)
ter,altimetry,altitude,alto,exalt,con
tralto: (alt-
高
L)
r,amatory,amiable,amicable,amorous,enamoured,unami
able:(am-,amor-
爱
L)
,ampleness,amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifi er,amplify,amplitude,radio
amplifier:
(ampl-
充足
L)
,annual,perenni
al,centennial,annuity,biennial:
(ann-
年
L)
9anthropology,philanthropist,misanthropical,an
thropotomy,anthropogeneses,anthropo
grap
hy,anthropophagus: (anthrop-
人类
GK)
10aqualung,aquanaut,aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium,
aquatic,aqueous,aquiculture,aquo
sity,su
baquatic,subaqueous,terraqueous,aqueduct:
(aqu-
水
L)
11archangel,archbishop,arch-criminal,ar
chdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend:
(arch-
首要
GK)
12asterisk,asterism,aste
roid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer
,astrology,
astronautics,astronavigation
,astronomer,astronomy: (astr-
星
GK)
13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer,atmeter,atmoseal,
atmospherics:(atmo-
气体
GK)
14audible,audibility,inaudible,audience,au
diology,audio-visual,audiometer,audiophile,
audiophile,audition,auditor,auditorium: (aud-
听
L)
1
5atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat,autobus,autochro
me,autoclave,autocrat,autograph
,autoinf
ection,automate,automatic,automation,automobile,au
tonomy,autotruck,autotyp
e: (auto-
自己
GK)
16barodynamics,barogram,barograph,barometric,baro
thermograph:(bar-
压力
GK)
17bathymeter,bathymetric
,bathysphere,bathythermograph:(bathy-
深海
的
GK)
18Bible,bib
liofilm,bibliography,bibliology,bibliolater,biblio
mania,bibliophile,biblioph
ilism,bibliop
ole,bibliotheca,bibliotic,bibliotist: (biblio-
书籍
GK)
19bioassay,biocatalyst,biochemistry,biocide,biocl
ean,bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy,bioele
ctr
icity,biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,bio
graphy,biometerology,bionics,bi
1
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oscope,biosyntheses,biotic: (bio-
生命
GK)
,breviary,brevi
rostrate,brevity,brief,abbreviate,abridge: (bre-
简短
L)
用
否
定
前
缀
in-(
及
其<
/p>
变
体
),non-,un-
构
成
下
列
< br>单
词
的
反
义
词
:
mature:im
regular:ir
considerate:in
noble:in
contentious:non
legitimate:il
metal:non
passive:im
ferrous:non
accuracy:in
endurable:un
variance:in
inductive:
non
legible:il
reasonable:un
rational:ir
scrupulous:un
staple:
non
balance:im
legalize:il
写出下列单
词中前缀的意义
:
antecedent:
before
byproduct:
near
apocope:
off
enclose:
in
endobiotic:
inside
epitaph:
outside
expire:
out
foretell:
before
hypocrite:
beneath
include:
in
infrared:
under
intercede:
between:
intramural:
within
introspect: into
outbid: exceeding
overwork: beyond
postgraduate: after
precede:
before
proceed:
forward
retrospect:back
subscribe:
below
superman:
above
supramundane: beyond
transmit: across
ultraconservatism: extreme
<
/p>
以所列的单词为第一个成分
,
根据定义写
出复合名词
(A)green: 1.a stretch
of land,round a town,where building is not
allowed,so that fields
woods,etc,remain:greenbelt
2.a
shop-keeper
who
sells
vegetables
and
fruit:greengrocer
3.a
young,inexperienced
person,especially
male,who
is
easily
cheated: greenhorn
4.a
room
in
a
theatre
or
concert
hall
where
actors
musicians,etc.,can
rest
when
not
performing :greenroom
(B)hand:
1.a
small
bag
for
a
woman
to
carry
her
money
and
personal
things
in:
handbag
2.a short book
giving all the most important information about a
subject: handbook
apparatus that stops a vehicle,worked by the
driver
’
s hand:
handbreak
4.a bar
of wood or metal
fixed
beside a place where one walks for
holding onto,especially
near stairs:
handrail
(C)after:
１
.The care or treatment to
someone after a period in hospital,prison,etc:
aftercare
effect (usually
unpleasant) that follows some time after the cause
or
after the main effect: aftereffect
3.a taste that
stays in the mouth after the food
that
caused
it
in
no
longer
there
:
aftertaste
idea
that
comes
later:
afterthought
(D)sleeping:
１
a large thick
envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping in
when
camping:sleeping bag
２
a railway carriage with
beds for passengers:sleeping car
３
a pill which helps a person
to sleep:sleeping pill
４
.a
partner in a business who takes no active part in
its operation: sleeping partner
(E)
running :1. a person with whom another is running
for a pair of political positions
of
greater or less importance,especially those of
President and vice-Prisident: running
mate
2.
handwriting
in
which
the
letters
are
slanted
and
the
words
formed
without lifting the pen : running
hand
3.a headline repeated on consecutive
pages
(as of a book):running head
4.a
footboard especially at the side of an automobile:
running board
(F)wash: 1.a
large fixed basin for water for washing
one
’
s hands and face:
washbasin
2.a movable board with
a wavy surface against which clothes
may be rubbed when
washing:
washboard
3.a
woman
whose
job
is
to
wash
clothes,often
in
her
own
home:washerwoman
4.a
cloth
that
is
used
for
washing
one
’
s
face
and
body
:
washcloth
(G)sun:
condition
of
having
sore
skin
after
experiencing
the
effects
of
strong
sunlight:sunburn
2a
flash
of
sunlight,especially
through
a
break
in
clouds:
2
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sunburst
time when the sun
is seen to disappear as night begins:sunset
sunlight,as when there are no
clouds:sunshine
(H)break: sudden
failure in operation:breakdown
unlawful cantering of a building,using force :
break-in
action of forcing a way
through the enemy: breakthrough
4.a
division int smaller parts:breakup
(I)out: appearance or beginning of
something bad:outbreak
2.a public show
of anger:outcry
spent for a purpose
:outlay
4.a way through which something
(usually a liquid or a gas )may go out: outlet
将下列复合动词译成汉语
Blue-
pencil:
修改
,
校正
cold-
shoulder:
冷淡
court-martial:
对<
/p>
...
进行军法审判
Handcuff:
将
...
上手铐
pitch-fork:
骤然；把
..
.
塞进
sandbag:
用沙袋阻塞
Shipwreck:
船只失事
short-
circuit:
使短路
snowball:(
滚雪球似的
)
增长
Wisecrack:
说俏皮话
找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词
(
答案为
黑体字的原形
)
1.A shy,frightened
child…”
Name
the
Czar of Russia”
once the
villagers
formed
a circle…
mnon
with the rest of the Greek army
sailed
away..
before the Trojans could
arm
themselves..
5.I began to see… would expect a large
purse
stuffed
with..
6.A few years ago the landlady
locked
the front
upstairs…,
questioned
the men and …
children
headed
toward school…
the…
,
branching
out…
hour went
by and darkness still
shrouded
…
boarded
boats
day-
to-
day…hard to
measure
,
13.,smog
results
are a
few success stories in
battling
air…
ion can
be
trapped
before
nations
traded
item
’s
the one who’s
sapped
your
confidence.
18.…,fairly well
dressed
but
young… by
pocketing
the
money.
the preparation … to
flake
off
even…
形容词转动词
(
答案为黑体字的原形
)
1.
Calming
down,…
was
Pompeii … has been
cleared
away.
and clothes must be
cleaned
more frequently
4.…”helped raise the standard of living
and
lower
the
standard of air”
5.…There
his father
opened
a business…
Academy of Science was
closed
to him
7.…to rise are
cooled
and…
3
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emptied
out…
9.…,and it
took half an hour t
o
free
him
wet
clothes will soon dry in the sun.
动词转名词
(
答案为黑体字的原形
)
is thisenormous
increase
in population …to
the
spread
of the
…
2.…came to the
aid
of the
surgeon…
3.I know my friends
from the
feel
of their
faces.
4.…personalities by
touch
5.
…,between
serves
6.…of his
slow
grins
7.…an
appealing
look
.
8.…has given
rise
to these…
9.…as
if it were a
chew
of
tobacco.
10.…get
rid
of Rex.
写出下列报刊标题中使用的截短词的全称
auto workers end strike.(automobile)
sub off Japan.(submarine)
inian demos mark
massacres.(demonstrations)
:first use
of nuke weapons not unlawful.(nuclear)
troops suffer setback in Kampuchea.(Vietnamese)
asks for into on stolen
gems.(information)
hemical Corp builds
42 banks.(corporation)
-credit co-ops
to get more autonomy.(cooperatives)
9.W
Europe acts to meet high-tech challenge.(high-
technology)
k for governing parties in
Euro vote.(European)
写出下列首字母拼音词的全称并译成汉语
: Air Intercept Missile
空中截击导弹
: Base Air
Defence Ground Environment
基地防空地面警备系统
:
Browning Automatic Rifle
勃朗宁自动步枪
: Civil
Air Regulations
民航条例
: Congress of Racial Equality
争取权平等大会
:
developing-out paper
相纸
: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili
菲亚特汽车公司
:
Military Aid Program
军事援助计划
: manned orbital space station
在人轨道空站
: minimum
orbital unmanned satellite the earth
不载人的最小地球卫星
:
North America Newspaper Alliance
北美报业联盟
: North
Atlantic Treaty Organization
北大西洋公约组织
;Organization of the Petroleum
Exporting Countries
石油输出国组织
: Strategic Arms Limitation
Talks
限制战略武器会谈
:
surface-to-air missile
地对空导弹
: Southeast Asia Treaty Organizaion
东南亚条约组织
: Supreme
Head quarters of Allied Powers in Europe
欧洲盟军最高司令
部
:Unidentified Flying Object
不明飞行物
: Vision
electronic recording apparatus
电子录像机
4
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: Zone improvement plan
邮政编码制度
写出下列复合动词是什么词逆生而来
-trot:globe-trotter
2..brainwash:brainwashing
-write:ghost-writer
-walk:sleep-walker
-feed:spoon-fed
-condition:air-conditioning
-keep:book-keeper
at:browbeating
9..caretake:caretaker
ash:gatecrasher
reak:housebreaker
eep:housekeeper
-produce:mass-production
ke:muckraker
-read:proof-
reading
ee:sightseeing
-manage:stage-manager
-make:merry-
making
-walk:street-walker
-shop:window-shopping
下列概念意义可以用什么英语单词
确切的表达出来
:
A
. walk laboriously,with
effort:pold,trudge
walk like a
duck:waddle
walk in a pompous or
affected manner:struct
slide and drag
the feet:stagger
walk in a
loose,ungainly way:slouch
walk with
long steps:stride
walk affectedly with
short steps:mince
walk slowly,wasting
time:dawdle
walk as if wearing
slippers:shuffle
walk in a busy,active
way:hustle
B
. speak in a
slow,prolonged manner:drawl
make
involuntary breaks in utterance:stammer
express displeasure with compressed
lips:mutter
talk
rapidly,making inarticulate sounds:gabble
pronounce the sibilant letter
imperfectly:lisp
have a friendly talk
about family things:chat,yarn
spread
idle gossipe:tattle
talk on and an
about trifling,childish things:prattle
speak with contempt:sneer
speak
fanatically:rave
根据下列动物的属性
,<
/p>
指出他们的象征意义
:
1.
ant
:frugality
and
provision
2.
ape
:uncleanness,malice,lust
3.
bat
:blindness
4.
bear
:ill
—
temper
5.
bee
:industey
6.
bull
:strength
7.
calf
:lumpshness
8.<
/p>
camel
:submission
9.
cat
:deceit
10.
cock
:vigilance
11.
crocodile
:hypocrisy
12.
crow
:longevity
13.
dog
:fidelity
14.
dove
:innocence
15.
eagle
:majesty
16.
elephant
:sagacity
17
fly
:feebleness
18.
fox
:cunning
19
goose
:conceit
20.
hare
:timidity
下列名词都来自古英语
,
写出与下列名词对应的源拉丁语的形容词
:
r:fraternal
:feline
:puerile
er:filial
:diurnal
:canine
:auricular
:terrestrial
:oval
:ocular
:paternal
:igneous
:hostile
5
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:vulpine
:amicable
:manual
:capital
:cordial
:celestial
:equine
d:marital
:renal
:equestrian
:vital
:lucid
:labial
:human
:lactic
:mental
:lunar
:maternal
:oral
:nominal
:nocturnal
:nasal
:bovine
:spacious
:marine
39. sheep:ovine
:visible
:cutaneous
:filial
:vernal
:fluvial
:stellar
:solar
:temporal
:lingual
:dental
:urban
:arboreal
:veracious
:bellicose
:aqueous
:conjugal
:mundane
:vermicular
:feminine
:juvenile
60
.book
:literaey
选择适当的单词填入句子
waited with( bated) breath.
brother
and sister are both (blondes).
is a
(break)in the clouds.
(bridal) grown
was trimmed with lace.
5.A (pedal) of
the bicycle fell off.
ll (reigned) over
England like a king.
wreckers began to
(raze) the building.
gh we watched
carefully,the guard remained (stationary) for one
hour.
cannot sail until he has a full
(complement) of men for his crew,and
…
..
was
a tireless scholar,he would (pore)over
his books without a break until….
将下列各组词分别填入句子
A
1 .John’nature was so
(sanguine) that we all felt cheered
up….
2. The battle was so
(sanguinary) that hardly a combatant
…...
B
1.
We
could
not
have
a
worse
judge
than
the
one
we
had,he
was
completely
(uninterested) in
the case and …..
2.
We
could
not
have
a
better
judge
than
Judge
Blandford;
he
was
friendly,knowledgeable,and above all
completely (disinterested).
C
1. Although we played them
on even terms for the first half,the second half
was a
(rout).
2.
To get to our cottage you follow
(route)….
D
1. The (official) in charge of the
game…
2. Time was so
(officious)in his new job…..
E
1. The dress
was made of synthetic ( material).
2. The general
needs more troops and (materiel).
F
1. The (moral) of the
story….
2. The (morale) of our
troops is high.
G
1. All men are (fallible).
argument,convincing
……
..to
be (fallacious).
H
1. Some say Shakespeare takes
(precedence) over all ….
2. There was no (precedent)for the
granting of a
…
.
I
1.
John,who was sullen and (taciturn) by nature,found
that ….
2. They arrived
at a (tacit) agreement.
6
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J
building plans are (impracticable).
husband …..,but he is so (unpractical)that
he
cannot …
用英语解释下列句子中
help
及其派生词的意义
you
want
to
lose
some
weight,Jim,you
must
start
avoiding
second
helpings.(second
servings)
2.
“
God
help me !
”
he
murmured
…
..(protest)
gave us a helping hand when we were in
trouble.( helped us)
4. Yes,I know
he
’
s a rascal,but I
can
’
t help liking him.(
i.e.I can
’
t but like him)
you have any help from anyone with
…
..(assistance)
’
t be away longer
than you can help.(avoid)
7.I do think
you could have been a bit more helpful .(ready or
willing to assist)
8.“Help!Help! I’m
drowning !”(Save me)
9.I am
very sorry but I can’t help it .(
i.e.
I can’t do otherwise)
10. Can I help you in any way ?(assist
you)
11.
We
are
a
bit
hard
up
this
month,my
dear,so
don’t
spend
more
than
you
can
help
.(avoid)
12. Give me only a very small
helping,please.(serving)
13.
I
’
m telling you the truth,so
help me God!( God punish me if I am not
！
)
’re
awfully
sorry
that
we
were
giggling
–but
we
couldn’t
help
it
.(
anything to
stop it )
you help me to carry this
suitcase,please?(assist)
you help me
to some potatoes,please ?( me with)
liver is not in a very good condition …….if I
could help it .(avoid)
presence was extremely helpful,…( gave great
assistance)
helping you
gave me would have fed a football team !(serving)
whisky
is
on
the
table…Help
yourself.(
what
you
want,when
you
want it )
写出下列各组同义词的共同基本意义
1Sorrow,grief,anguish
…
..(distress of mind )
2Bad,evil,wicked,
…
(not
ethically acceptable )
3Regard,respect
,esteem
…
(to recognize the worth of
a person or thing )
4Disprove,refute,
confute
…
(to
show
or
try
to
show
by
presenting
evidence
thar
something is not true)
e,bias,dispose
…
(to
influence
one
to
have
or
take
an
attitude
toward
something )
,flat,plane
…
(having a surface without
bends,curves or irregularities )
us,lib
eral,liberate,
…
.(giving
freely and unstingily)
,release,liberate,
…
(to loose from constraint
or restraint )
,candid,open
…
(show willingness to say
what one things or feels)
10Envious,jealous
(begrudging
another
’
s possession of
something )
11Assert,declare,affirm,protest
…
(to
state
or
put
forward
positively,usually
in
anticipation of or in the face denial
or objection )
12. Aggressive,militant,
assertive
…
(conspicuously or
obtrusively active or energetic )
,polite
…
.(acting
or moving with easy alacrity)
,polite,gallant
…
(observant of forms
required by good breeding )
15.V
ociferous,clamorous,blatant,
…
(so loud or insistent as to compel attention)
,suffer,endure
…
(to put up with something
trying or painful )
7
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se,lessen,diminish
…
(to grow
or make less )
ge,inheritance,patrimony
…
(something
received
from
a
parent
or
predecessor)
retain,detain
..(to hold in one
’
s
possession or under one
’
s
control)
,naked nude
…
(deprived of naturally or
conventionally appropriate covering)
指出并改正误用词语
convict paced within the
…
.(confound)
应改为
(confines)
2.I remember the name,but …..(replace
)…(recall)
an
tisocial behaviour results from lack
of…..(formidable)…
(formative)
I
grow up I want to be
a…..(pronouncer)…(announcer)
left enough leave-
way for …
.(leave
-
way)…(leeway)
flagrance of
her….(flagrance)…(fragrance)
7.I found the Oriental
dis
hes….(palpable)
…(palatable)
corpse had
been so dissected
over….(dissected)…(dislocated)
colonel’s appearance was so marital
with….(marital )…(martial)
elementary needs were planned
for…..(elementary)..(alimentary)
is hoped that th
is course
will enlarge….(perimeter)…(parameter)
we look long enough in this material
we…(statue)…(statute)
desserted his friends just when they needed him
.(desserted)…(deserted)
had
been innocuous against influenza,but
he….(innocuous)…
(inoculated)
was so ingenuous about
household….(ingenuous)..(ingenious)
dinosaurs may have been unable to adop
t
…
(adopt)
…
(adapt)
their brief alteration
they shook hands,…(alteration
)..(altercation)
game came
to a climatic fin
ish with
…(climatic)…(climactic)
mountain lions are all extant in the mountains;
not….(extant)…(extinct)
’s
dreams were irreverent to the
…(irreverent)..(irrelevant)
用否定前缀写出下列单词的反义词
1arm:disarm
:dishonor
:disjoin
e:illegible
mate:illegitimate
:immature
te:immoderate
e:infertile
ry:insanitary
te:irresolute
nt:irreverent
:mistrust
:misfit
tand:misunderstand
nt:nonadjacent
nce:nonexistence
ce:non-alliance
ous:unconscious
igence:unintelligent
rical:unsymmetrical
找出下列各组同义词相应的反义词
(slow)
(leisurely)
3quick(sluggish)
(deliberate)
(dilatory)
B. ful (ugly)
(plain)
(foul)
(unlovely)
C. (go)
(depart)
3 .reach (leave )
4 .gain (lose )
ess
(misery)
(sorrow)
t(distress)
ent
(suffering)
下列各词
都经历了词义范围的变化
,a
演变前
b
演变后
,
判断词义是扩大还是缩
小
;
缩小
die
or
suffer acute ly from hunger
缩小
8
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