语言学复习

I.

Choose the best answer

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.

Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human________.

（

B

）

A.

contact. B. communication C. relation

D. community

2.

Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers

caused by the time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free

to talk about anything in any situation?(C)

A.

Transferability

B. Duality C. Displacement

D. Arbitrariness

3.

Study

the

following

dialogue.

What

function

does

it

play

according

to

the

function

of

language? (B)

--- A

nice day, isn

’

t it?

--- Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.

A.

Emotive B. Phatic

C. Performative D. Interpersonal

4.

________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user

’

s knowledge of the rules of

his language in utterance.(A)

A.

Performance

B. Competence

C. Langue

D. Parole

5.

has been widely accepted as the fore father of modern linguistics.(B)

A. Chomsky

B. Saussure

C. Bloomfield

D. John Lyons

Part 2 Phonology

5.

Conventionally a ________ is put in slashes.(C)

A. allophone

B. phone

C. phoneme

D. morpheme

6.

Which one is different form the others according to places of articulation?(A)

A. /n/ B./m/C. /b/ D. /p/

7.

Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?(B)

A. /i:/ B. /u/ C./e/ D. /i/

8.

What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?(B)

A. voiceless B. voiced C. Glottal stop D. Consonant

9.

Which consonant represents the following description: voiceless labiodental fricative?(A)

A.

/f/ B./v/C. /s/ D./z/

10.

is one of the suprasegmental features(D)

A.

Stop

B. V

oicing

C. Deletion

D. Tone

11.

V

elar refers to

.

（

B

）

A. larynx

B. soft palate C. alveolar

D. pharynx

Part 3 Morphology

12.

Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called________ morpheme.(A)

A.

inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational

13.

There are ________ morphemes in the word

denationalization

. (C)

A. Three B. four C. five D. six

14.

The word UNESCO is formed in the way of ________. (A)

A.

acronnymy B. clipping C. initialism D. blending

15.

NA

TO is a/an

.(A)

A. acronym

B. blending C. coinage

D. clipping

16.

The relation between words

“

rose

”

and

“

flower

”

. (D)

A.

synonymy

B. antonymy

C. homonymy

D. hyponymy

17.

“

Semantics is the scientific study of meaning

”

is a

. (D)

A. hyponymy

B. polysemy

C. Antonymy

D. tautology

18.

“

Wide/narrow

”

is an example of

. (A)

A. gradable opposites

B. relational opposites

C. converseness

D. complementarity

Part 4 Syntax

19.

________ is a sub-field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.(B)

A.

Morphology

B. Syntax C. Semantics D. Pragmatics

20.

The

phrase

“

my

small

child

’

s

cot

”

is

an

ambiguous

phrase,

which

can

be

revealed

by

________ tree diagrams.(C)

A. one B. two C. three D. four

Part 5 Semantics

21.

C

old

and

hot

are a pair of ________antonyms.(A)

A. gradable B. complementary C. reversal D. converseness

22.

________ describes whether a proposition is true or false.(B)

A. Truth B. Truth value C. Truth condition D. Falsehood

23.

Bull: [BOVINE] [MALE] [ADULT] is an example of ________. (A)

A. componential analysis B. predication analysis C. compositionality D. selection restriction

24.

The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word________. (A)

A.

is interpreted through the mediation of concept.

B.

is related to the thing it refers to.

C.

is the idea associated with that word in the minds of speakers.

D.

is the image it is represented in the mind.

25.

When the truth of sentence (a) guarantees the truth of sentence (b), and falsity of sentence(b)

guarantees the falsity of sentence (a), we can say that ________.(B)

A.

sentence(a) presupposes sentence (b)

B.

sentence(a) entails sentence (b)

C.

sentence(a) is inconsistent with sentence (b)

D.

sentence(a) contradictss sentence (b)

26.

“

Socrates is a man

”

is a case of ________.(B)

A.

two-place predicate

B.

one-place predicate

C.

two- place argument

D.

one-place argument

Part 6 Pragmatics

27.

________

is

the

study

of

how

speakers

of

a

language

use

sentences

to

effect

successful

communication.(B)

A. Semantics B. Pragmatics C. Sociolinguistics D. Psycholinguistics

28.

________

found

that

natural

language

had

its

own

logic

and

conclude

cooperative

principle.(C)

A. John Austin B. John Firth C. Paul Grice D. William James

29.

______proposed that speech act can fall into five general categories.(B)

A.

Austin B. Searle C. Sapir D. Chomsky

30.

Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the ________. (C)

A.

declarations B. expressives C. commissives D. directives

31.

The illocutionary point of the________ is to express the psychological state specified in the

utterance.(B)

A. declarations B. expressives C. commissives D. directives

32.

Y

’

s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of ________.(C)

X: Who was that you were with last night?

Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?

A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner

33.

The violation of one or more of the conversational maxims of the Cooperative Principle can,

when the listener full understands the speaker, create________, and humor sometimes.(A)

A. conversational implicature B. conversational breakdown C. locutionary act D. illocutionary act

34.

The maxim of quantity requires that the speaker.(D)

A.

contribute as informative as required

B.

do not contribute more than is required

C.

do not say what has little evidence

D.

both A

and B

35.

According

to

Searle,

those

illocutionary

acts whose

point

is

to commit the speaker

to

some

future course of action are called________.(A)

A.

commissives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives.

36.

An illocutionary act is identical with

. (B)

A. sentence meaning

B. the speaker

’

s intention

C. language

D. social convention

37.

is a branch of linguistics which is the study of meaning in the context of use. (C)

A. Morphology

B. Syntax

C. Pragmatics

D. Semantics

Part 7 Language Change

Part 8 Language and Society

38.

________ are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.(C)

A.

Slang B. Address terms C. Registers D. Education varieties

A. domain B. situation C. society D. community

39.

________ is defined as any regionally or socially definable human group identified by shared

linguistic system.(D)

A. A

country B. A

race C. A

society D. A

speech community

40.

________ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straight forward grammatical

rules, used as a medium of communication.(C)

A.

Lingua franca B. Creole C. Pidgin D. Standard language

41.

________ variety refers to speech variation according to the particular area where a speaker

comes from.(A)

A.

Regional B. Social C. Stylistic D. Idiolectal

42.

Probably

the

most

widespread

and

familiar

ethnic

variety

of

the

English

language

is

________.(C)

A.

British English B. American English C. Black English D. Australian English

43.

________

in

a

person

’

s

speech,

or

writing,

usually

range

on

a

continuum

from

casual

to

formal according to the type of communicative context.(D)

A.

Regional variation B. Social variation C. Stylistic variation D. Idiolectal variation

Part 9 Language and Culture and Society

44.

In the present day, the stability of

seems to be decreasing. (D)

A. social-class dialect

B. idiolect

C. taboo

D. regional dialect

Part 10 Language Acquisitio

n

45.

Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as ________.(D)

A.

acculturation B. interlanguage C. fossilization D. interference

46.

Besides

the

genetic

predisposition

for

language

acquisition,

language________

is

necessary

for successful language acquisition.(D)

A.

instruction B. correction C. imitation D. input and interaction

47.

________ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language

usually obtained in school settings.(C)

A. Competence B. Performance C. Learning D. Acquisition

48.

________ sees errors as the result of the intrusion of L1 habits over which the learner had no

control.(C)

A.

error analysis B. performance analysis C. contrastive analysis D. discourse analysis

Part 11 Second Acquisition

Part 12 Language and Brain

Schools of Modern Linguistics

49.

The person who is often described as

“

father of modern linguistics

”

is ________.(B)

A.

Firth

B. Saussure

C. Halliday

D. Chomsky

II.

Fill in the following blanks

Introduction

1.

Language, broadly speaking, is a means of ________ communication.(verbal)

2.

Language

has

many

functions.

We

can

use

language

to

talk

about

itself.

This

function

is

________.(metalingual function)

3.

Modern linguistics is ________ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is

rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.(descriptive)

4.

The description of a language as it changes through time is a ________ study.(diachronic)

5.

Saussure

put

forward

two

important

concepts.

________

refers

to

the

abstract

linguistic

system shared by all members of a speech community (langue)

6.

Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not

present(in

time

and

space)

at

the

moment

of

communication.

This

quality

is

labeled

as

. (displacement)

7.

Phonetics and phonology

8.

________

phonetics studies

the

movement

of

the

vocal

organs

of

producing

the sounds

of

speech.(articulatory)

9.

Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without________.(obstruction)

10.

In

phonological

analysis

the

words

fail- veil

are

distinguishable

simply

because

of

the

two

/f/and /v/. This is an example for illustrating.(minimal pairs)

Morphology

11.

All words may be said to contain a root ________.(morpheme)

12.

Nouns, verbs and adjectives are

words rather than function words.(lexical)

13.

As a result of

, the negative morpheme in

imperfect

and

impossible

in

“

im-

”

rather

than

“

in-< /p>

”

.(assimilation)

14.

A

morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself.(bound)

15.

Antonyms like

“

husband

”

< br> vs.

“

wife

”

are

antonyms.(relational)

16.

Terms like

“

desk

”

and

“

stool

”

are

of the term

“

furniture

”

.(hyponyms )

Syntax

17.

XP may contain more that just X. For example, the

“

NP

”

the girl who is watering the flowers

consists

of

Det,

N

and

Sen,

with

Det

being

the

________

,

N

the

head,

and

S

the

complement.(specifier)

18.

The

level

of

syntactic

representation

that

exists

before

movement

takes

place

is commonly

termed ________ structure.(deep structure)

19.

The

branch

of

general

linguistics which

is

named

studies

the

internal

structure

of

sentences.(syntax)

20.

IC is the short form of immediate

used in the study of syntax.(constituent)

Semantics

21.

C

harge

and

accuse

are said to be ______synonyms.(Collocational)

22.

Predication

analysis

is

to

break

down

predications

into

their

constituents:

________

and

________.(argument, predicate)

23.

We call the relation between

animal

and

cow

as ________.(hyponymy)