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英文合同中的重点提示.docx

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2021-02-16 19:25
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2021年2月16日发(作者:intermission)


英文合同中的重点提示






(一)


contract



agreement


的区别





在英语中,合同一般称为


contr act


,协议一般称为


agreement.




1.


何谓







1999


年中国

《合同法》


第二条对


contract

定义为:


a


contact


in


this


law


refers


to


an


agreement


establishing



modifying


and


terminating


the


civil


rights


and obligations between subjects of equal footing



that is



between


natural


persons



legal


persons


or


other


organizations


。根据这一定义,


合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。





steven

< br>编著的



中将


contract


定义为



promise



or


a


set


of


promises



for


breach


of


which


the


law


gives


remedy




or


the


performance


of


the


which


the


law


in


some


way


recognize


as


a


duty.


根据这一定义,


合同是一种承诺,


违反承诺可以得到法律救助,


某种意义上法律


将履行该承诺看做是一种补偿。





l.b curzon


在其编撰的字典




co ntract


的定义:



根据这一定义, 合同就是有法律


约束力的协议。





综合起来,有一个相同点,就是



is


an


agreement


,即可将合 同说成




或者说合同说成是

< p>


agreement


which


is


enforceable


by


law


,也可以说:


contract s


are


promises


that the law will enforce.




1




/



18





2.


何谓


< /p>






l.b



or evidence of such consensus



in spoke or


written form



relating to anything done or to be done.


根据这一定义,


协议是对已经做或准备做的相关事宜,


经过谈 判、


协商后取得一致意见,


以口头


或书 面形式做出的约定。





black



dictionary< /p>


有两个定义。


一个是:


< br>concord


of


understanding


and


intention


between


two


or


more


parties


with


respect


to


the


effect


upon


their


relative rights and duties



of certain past or future facts or


performance


根 据这一定义,


协议即双方或多方京某些过去或将来某些事实的相


关权利、义务或相关权利、义务的履行而达成的一致理解和愿望。





另一个是:



transmission of some property



right or benefits



with the view of


contacting an obligation



a mutual obligat ion.


根据这一定义,协议即两


个或多个当事人,

< p>
为了约定单方责任或相互责任,


就财产权利、


利益 的转移取得


的一致同意。





ct


(合同)和

agreement


(协议)是不是可以互换呢?





合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素 。它们(要约和承诺构成的)协议、约因、设


立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成 。





l.b


curzon


编著的



diction


of


law


提到:



generally


involves






and absolute and unqualified acceptance


(要约和绝对接受);






2




/



18




sus ad idem


(意思表示一致,也叫


meeting of minds


);





ion to create legal relations


(建立合同关系的意愿);





eness of consent


(同意的真实性);





ctual capacity of the parties


(合同当事人的缔约能力);





ty of object


(标的物的合法性);





ility of performance


(履行的可能性);





nty of terms


(条款的确定性);





le consideration


(等价有偿)。





black 'law dictionary


中解释道:


although often used as synonyms with




agreement is a broader term



agreement might lack


an essential element of a co ntact.




协议

< br>




合同



经常用作同义词,但



协议



这一术语含义更广,例如协议可能缺乏合同的必备条款(

essential


clauses/provisions

)。





实际使用当中,


协议可不受必备条款的限制,


而称为合同的文 体肯定少不了必备


条款,有的合同将其单列,称为一般条款(


g eneral provisions


)。





1999


中国《合同法》第十二条规定了八项一般条款,分别是:






or


name


and


domicile


of


the


parities


(当事人的名称或姓名和住址)







3




/



18




ct object


(标的);





ty


(数量);





y


(质量);





or remuneration


(价款或者报酬);






limit



place


and


method


of


performance


(履行期限、


地点和方式)






ity for breach of contract


(违约责任);





s to settle disputes


(解决争议的方法)。





上述解释说明,


contract< /p>


(合同)和


agreement


(协议) 的概念虽然接近,但使


用范围不同,


不能互换使用。

< p>
合同是协议的重要组成部分,


所有合同一定是协议,


而协议不见得都是合同。


可以说具备合同成立要求的具有强制执行力的协议才是


合同。





(二)


结构特点合同类法律文件用以规定当事人的权利与义务,


是预防与解决争


议的依据。合同英语行文慎密而准确,历史悠久,深含 法律文化底蕴。





中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、


姓名、


住所 或营业场所,


然后是合同


正文,结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签 字、职务及签字日期。而英语合同一般以


下面这类句式为开头:





this agreement/contract is made


and entered in


to this ____


day of _____



month


),

_______



year



by


and


between


party


a



hereinafter


called




and party b



hereinafter called






4




/



18





然后是开始陈述:





whereas...therefore...




it is hereby agreed as follows






或以:





witnesseth



whereas...




now therefore



for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and


agreements contained herein



the parties hereby covenant and agree as


follows






接着是正文,最后是证明部分:





in


witness


whereof



the


parties


hereto


have


hereunto


set


their


hands


the


day and years first above written.




随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字 ,


签字日期一般在英文合同最搬弄是非是找不


到的。

< p>




下面列出新加坡、美国、香港和日本的合同格式。





1.


新加坡





agreement





5




/



18




this agreement is made the 9th day of august



2001 between lucky


international ltd



a company incorporated in singapore and having its


registered office at telek blongar rise



singapore 19569



hereinafter


called



of the part and jack wong



nric no._________ /a



of


108


orchar


road



singapore


01688



hereinafter


called



manager



of the other part. whereas






company is engaged in it business and requires a person with the


necessary qualifications and experience to manage its business.




2.




...




now it is hereby agreed as follows






company shall employ the manager and the manager shall serve the


company


as


manager


of


the


company's


it


business


for


a


period


of


two


years


commencing on 1st day of september




2.




...




in witness whereof



the parties hereto have set their hand the day and


year


first


above


written.


the


schedule


above


referred


to


duties


of


manger




manage



maintain and promote the business of the company.





6




/



18




2.




3.




signed by roger tan for and on behalf of lucky interantional ltd




in the presence of




signed by teresa wong




in the presence of




新加坡的通用合同分五部分:





第一部分:


称为

parties



主要介绍合同各方的姓名或名称,


注册地


/


国及地址、


邮编及各自在合同的简称。开头框架一般为:


this agreement is made the


——


__________ day of _____



month


),


____



year



between a _______



hereinafter


called



company



of


the


part


and


b______< /p>




hereinafter


called



manager



of


the


other


part.


句子开头


this


agreement



contract


和当事人的姓名和名称,都应大写。





当事人是自然人的,用



和其后的住址相连;是法人或非法人单位的,用



和其 后注册地址相连。





第二部分:称为


recital.



whereas


开头,进入叙述部分,用陈述正式说明当


事人订立合同的原因。





第三部分:称为


habendum


,正文。具 体约定当事人的权利和义务。正文部分的


结束段为:


in


witness


whereof



the


parties


hereto


have


set


their


hand


the



7




/



18




day


and


year


first


above


writt en.


这段作用相当于中文合同的



双方 签字盖章,


特此为证







第四部分:称为


schedule



addendum


,附录。是对前述合同部分条款的必要补


充。不是所有合同都有这一项 。





第五 部分:


称为


attestation



证明部分。


当事人如果自然人,




by


__


英文写 作翻译;连接后填写见证姓名的表达部分



当事人是法人或非法人单位时,授权代表后接的是



____ _ of____


,然后才是


in the presence of _______.


与中文合同的显著不


同是签章处除当事 人外,多了一个


in the presence of _______


供证人签字之


处。


另一不同的是合同订立日期没有放 在合同最后,


而是出现在开头段的当事人


介绍部分。

< p>




第五部分在新加坡还有另一种表达:





as


witness


our


hands


this


_____day


of


_____



in


the


year


of


our


lord


tow


thousand and one. signed



sealed



and delivered by the above named in


the presence of signature address occupation.




上述合同的格式很有代表性,


其它英 文格式与之相比大同大异,


有的合同中不含


附录。





2.


美国





appointment as contract full-time senior customs administrator




an agreement for services made the 1st day of september



2000 between


______


of


_____ < /p>



address


)(

< br>hereinafter


referred


to


as






8




/



18




as one part and mr._______ of _______



address


)(

hereinafter referred


to as the contractor



of the other part.




whereby it is agreed and declared as follows






the company shall ...




agreement shall commence on




...




3.




4.




in witness whereof



both parties set their hands on the date herein


mentioned




signed by name






designation






for and on behalf of


:(

< p>
signature






contractor






designation






for and on behalf of


:(


signature






9




/



18



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