关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

汉译英——医学英语翻译中常见错误[1]..

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-16 15:47
tags:

-

2021年2月16日发(作者:sole什么意思)


***


英语医学科技论文写作中的常见错误



(I)


国内英语医学科技论文,尤其是尚未经过编辑加工的稿 件中几乎都存在许








< br>


误,下面是基于我们学校学报的作者来稿,总结的在在编辑工作中常见的一些错 误。



医学英语写作中用词方而的一些问





1.


动词搭配不当,词不达意



(the


mean survival


days)

得到



改善



(improve)


,只讲



improved


改为



prolonged.


alcohol


,但这里用的是



The esters are hydrolyzed



“,



and mean survival days of the mice were improved (P<0.05).



一句,



谓 语动词跟



语就


搭配不当。习惯上,我们不讲



时间



2.


把及物动词当不及物动词用



时间



延长





缩短


”< /p>


了。因此,应把句中的谓语动词



The alcohol acetylates easily


一句,



acetylate


是及物动词,它的对





主动态,缺了宾语,



应 改为被动态才



acetylate


的 用法。故此句应改为



The alcohol is acetylated


easily.


又如



The esters hydrolyze with great difficulty.


同理,应改写为



with great difficulty.


Acetylate


Hydrolyze


3.


vt.


加乙酰基于



v.


水解



又做及物动词用,



但却不是所有的动 词都有这样





我们先看几个误用的例子



artery


:


are


originated


(







)


and


把不及物动词当及物动词用



英语中很多动词可既做不及物动词,



点,而且有时同一个词的及物和不及物用法会有意义上的差别




from


the


5


genicular(


Originate


态,即去掉


a


re





It


has already


been known that


the


meniscal(


半月板的



)arteries






)


branches


of


the


popliteal


descending branch


of the femoral artery.




起源



解时是不及物动词,没有被动态,所以此句需



被动为主动语





However, the controversy for its diagnostic value has been continued.


(continued






continuing)


continue


在这里是不及物动词,不能用被动语态。此句除词法错误外,从







appear,exist , happen


, occur


等不及物动



也不应该用被动语态。



另外,常常在一些作者的文稿中见到在



词后而带有宾语。



4.


选词不当




A very similar phenotype


白)



K16 gene variations.



Ras oncogene and p53 gene hotspot variations in colorectal cancers.



基因突变



是一个比较定型的专业名词,



突变



一般




microscopy



,




确的表达如下:



用显微镜检查





.


?



be examined / observed with /using/


在显微镜下检查







例如



:


Virus


target


cells


in


the


bursa,


thymus,


spleen,


and


bone


marrow


were


examined


by


: ,


be examined observed under /in

< br>使用显微镜技术检查






: ,


examined /observed by /using


?



microscope;


?



microscope;


?



microscopy.


was observed by electron microscope


mutation


表达。



electron


。这几种表达是错误的。















稿

















这样








:


,


observed


with/under


(表型)



is found in patients with keratin


(角蛋



microscopy




microscope


虽然只一字母之差,但前者指一种技术,后者指一种仪器





***


***


transmission electron microscopy.


Sloughing of the tracheal epithelium was visible by light microscopy.


Specimens were embedded and examined using


and


x


ray microanalysis.


5.



复合名词



(


名词连缀



)


组合不当



当名词用作定语时,



实际上没有了数的概念而起着形容词的作用,



细胞)。另外,有些名词如



不能用复数,



所以不



transmission


electron


microscopy


可以说



mice peritoneal macrophages


,而应该说



mouse peritoneal macrophage


(小鼠腹腔巨噬



rate


的定语是不能用形容词的,因为这类名词词组所表示的是



pregnant rate


而用



pregnancy rate




某种事物的类别,而不是它的性质,所以我们通常不说



在医学领域里,复合名词的使用越来越多,合成词中的词序错误也很常见,如应将



emission fluorescence intensity


荧光强度改为



fluorescence emission intensity





epithelium cell


malignancies


改为



epithelial malignancies


。对于不常阅读相关专业英文文献的作者,要准确



使用这种专业术语几乎是不可能的,



所以,广泛的阅读和平时的积累才是最终的解决办法。



如果平时阅读和积累不够的话,写论文时相关的文献一定要细读。



6.



主语与表语搭配不当





Implantable


cardioverter-defibrillator


is


an


important


method


to


treat


ventricular


tachycardia in patients with structural heart diseases.


仪器



不是


方法



。另外,用不定式



短语作



method


的定语也不妥。



修改


:





is


前加



therapy


或改



method




means ;





to treat




for treating.


Implantable cardioverter- defibrillator


植入式复律除颤器



7.



abundant




rich


很多人常常在表达




A


中富含



B





A




B


物质 很丰富



这类句意时出错,而错误往



往是主语跟状语成分的倒置,如



:


细胞浆



(A)


中含有丰富的游离核糖体



(B)




有人把它译成




Free ribosomes (B) is rich in the cytoplasm (A).





实际上,这种句子的含义是



;A


在某方而是很富有的。它的表达形式是



此,上句应改为




The cytoplasm is rich in free ribosomes.


。又如



:


This fish is rich in oil.


这种鱼含油量大。



abundant


虽也为



大量的






丰 富的



之意,但在某些句子里用法与



如前而的例句




ribosomes


is


abundant


in


the < /p>


cytoplasm.


是讲得通的。又如




In


the


pseudopod


and


cytoplasm


projections,


microtubulin(


微管蛋白



)


was


abundant and highly


concentrated.


是可





以的


;


若用



rich


取代



abundant


,则此句可以改为



:



The projections were rich in microtubulins, which were highly concentrated.


microtubulins in the projections.


若用



There be


句型表达则两词可以互换,





there were abundant and highly concentrated


rich


是相反的。



:A is rich in B.




8.



动词与介词搭配不当



动词与介词的搭 配,由于绝大部分可从词典中查到,一般不太容易出错。错误常


***


***


常发生在一个动词有多个介词搭配的时候




多记不清楚,可以借助语料库




9.



例如



agree with




agree to / on ,


根据其后续名词,



究竟选择哪一个 介词,就不是那么好决断的了。关于动词与介词的搭配,说









名词与介词搭配不当



例句



:The


difficulty


of


doing


research related


to


dehydration


is


that


there


is


no


此句中,第一个



of


应为



in ,


第一个



of


应为



for.


good


standard


of determining the level of dehydration.


10.



复杂介词



based on..


基于



在医学论文中,



尤其是在材料和方法 部分表现得比较典型




11.



对等翻译的例子比较常见





:





pCEA424/2CAT


大量扩增,以



Hind


III




BamH I


酶切。在低熔点胶中回收纯化






420 bp




CEA


基因



5'


端 转录调控




T


RS


片段,



克隆入



pUC118


的多克隆位点中



;


再以



Hind


III, EcoR I


酶切得到



Hind


III-EcoR ICEA


片段。



对这段话作者是这样



译的



Amplified pCEA424/2CAT, digested with Hind III and BamH I


:



purified in low melting


point agarose to harvest a 420 by 5'TRS fragment of CEA, inserted into the polyclone sites of


pUC118, digested with Hind III




EcoR I to harvest Hind III -EcoR I CEA fragment.


这段译文专业词汇选择还是比较得当的,但逻辑关系和动宾



系 混乱不清。经分析




理,以下面的方式表达为好



:



and


pCEA424/2CAT was amplified in a large number, digested with Hind III and BamH I


then inserted into polyclone sites of pUC118. The recombinant was digested with


EcoR I


to harvest Hind


III-EcoR ICEA fragments.


12.




对 称结构



不对称



False-positive


responses were


found


in


4


(10%)


of


the


control


group,


and


8


(38%)


in


the


HT


group.(


假阳性反应,在对照





4(10%)


例,高血压



8(38%)


例。



应改为



:False positive responses were found in 4 (10%)


上句两相同状语结构未保持



应,



purified


in


low


meltingpoint


agarose to harvest


a 420


by


5'TRS


fragment


of


CEA, which


was


Hind III and


of the control group, and in 8 (38%) of the HT group.


13.



词义或符号的重






Each


group


was


further


randomly


subdivided


into


2


groups


of


10


animals


for


the


hemodynamic and hormonal(


激素的



) studies.



②,



and then put into hot water bathes of 93



C for 45 seconds,


?




Compared


with


ultrasonic


examination,


could.


下划线部分纯属多余,因为



指代不清。



compared with ,


已经有了这层意思,而




the former


CTSP


could


find


more


foci


than


the


former




14.



结构混乱,因果关系不清楚



When the ST response to exercise is normal or borderline, diagnostic criterion of SBP recovery


ratio is used, it can increase sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the exercise test.(


当运动试验



ST


段反应正常或可疑时,使用这个指标能提高运动试验的敏 感度、特异



和准


< br>度。



这种英文表达方式既繁复,语义还不清楚,而






)


it


所指也不明确。根据中文可改


***


***


:


When the ST response to exercise is normal or borderline,



using the diagnostic criterion for


SBP recovery ratio can increase sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the exercise test.


15.



逻辑错误




:So


it


should


be careful


to


use methylene


blue


for


patients


with


pulmonary


hypertension


during NO inhalation therapy.(


因此,



对正在接受一氧化氮吸入治疗的肺高压病





甲蓝。



)


在这里作者可能想用



it


作形式卞语来代替


t


o use


,但却是不合逻辑的,因为




To use is


careful


讲不通。倒是可以说


c


arefully use

< p>
二。因此,这个句子应改为


:


Therefore , methylene


blue


should


be


administered


carefully


for


pulmonary


hypertension


patients


receiving


NO-inhalation therapy.


16.



动名词后接



of

< br>短语,并在动名词前加上一个不适



< br>


the


应慎用亚




:In view of these findings, comparison between results before and after synaptic blockade


is necessary for




studying




the effects of transmitters or drugs.


动名词能起名词作用,可以作介词的 宾语,但又不完全等同于名词,因为





动作



的含义,可以带自己的宾语。既然有动作含义,前加



the


,后加



of


都是错误的。



17.



赘词性





有的句子要去掉一个或几个词才更精练,而有些句子要去掉一个或几个词才能成立






The


data


of


many


foreign


authors


have


suggested


that


there


exists


a


close


relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and development of primary hepatic carcinoma.



Of 12 cases being subjected to Southern blot hybridization, HBV DNA was detected in 7


by this technique,


in 10 by PCR and in 7 with both methods of


DNA extraction,


being


后反而成了现在分词



Of+


总数



放在句首作状语,分句的主语应该是分 数,这样






: Of


?



the


?



subjecting


过去分词



subjected


本身就有被动含义,而加了



的被动态了。另外,




对称。



因此,





除了去掉



being


之外,



对整个句子的结构及用词也应作适






12


patients subjected to Southern blot hybridization,


this technique, 10 by PCR and 7 by both of the methods


for DNA extraction


7 were detected having HB V DNA by


18.



错将


b


oth




two




Both


表示



两者都


,用法比较复杂,而



two


仅表示




2



这个数的概念,一般来讲,



不应该发生棍淆。但是,从作者的来稿中常常能见


b

< br>oth




two


用的情况。







We


found


no


statistical


difference


in<50-


or>50-year-old


patients


in


the


frequency


of


the


diagnosis of breast cancer when comparing the both types of biopsies.




Functional respiratory test showed both patients with a slight restrictive pattern,


with very severe restriction and six patients with low DLCO.




The


majority


(495,


or


86.3%)


had


a


normal


genetic


sonogram


(absence


of


abnormal


ultrasound markers); 51(9%) had one marker present, and 27 (4.7%) had both or more markers


present.


以上三例纯粹表达数的概念,这三个



19.



一句中多种错误并存


both


都应改成



two




one patient


***

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-16 15:47,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/659145.html

汉译英——医学英语翻译中常见错误[1]..的相关文章