-
since
后接延续性与短暂性动词的用法
一、
若
si
nce
引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，
则从句表
示的时间是
“
从动作开
始的那一时刻起
”
。如：
He has studied very hard since he came
to our school.
自从他来到我们学校，
他学习就
非常努力。
We have been missing
them since they left
here
自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。
二、若
since
< br>引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从
句表
示的时间是
“
从那持续动作或状态结束时算起
< br>”
。如：
I haven’t
heard any noise since I slept. Sleep
为持
续性动词，
sleep
的动作结束时，
即
“
醒来
”
时
，
这句应译为
“
我醒后还未听到任何声
音
”
。
John is now with his parents in New
York, it is already three years since he was a tea
cher
约翰现
在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了
。所以，
I have not heard from
him since I
lived
in
Shanghai.
不少人会望文生义，将该句译为：
“
自从我住在上海以来，就再也没有收
到他的
信了。
”
而实际上这个句子的译文是：
“
自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。
< br>”
这种译法常被人们误用，我们不妨再多举几个例子看看：
How long is it since you lived in
Shanghai?
你离开（没住在）上海多久了？
It is half a month since he was a
League member.
他退团（不当团员）半个月了。
It’s been quite some time since I was
last in London
我离开伦敦已很长时间了。
比较：
He has written to me
frequently since I was ill.
自从我病愈以来，他屡次给
我写信。
（从
句谓语为状态动词）
He has written to me frequently since I
fell ill.
自从我生病以来，
他就屡次给我写信。
（从句谓语
为终止性动词）
三、若
since
< br>引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到
现在
（说话时刻）
，其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
I haven’t heard from him since he has
lived there
。
这里
has lived
表示动作的持
续性，
时间的起点应从：
“
开始居住<
/p>
”
时算起。
因此此句可理解为
“
自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信
< br>”
。
Since we
have owned a car, we have gone camping every year<
/p>
。
自从我们自己有了汽车，
我们每
年都去野营。
试比较：
1. Since I’ve been at
this school, we have had three headmasters.
自从我到这所学校，
我
们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school,
they have had three headmasters.
自从我离开这所
学校，
他们已换了三
个校长了。
has never been to see me since I have
been ill.
自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was
ill.
自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。
由此可见，
since
引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。
换言
之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
It has been three years since he worked
her.
他不在这儿工作已经三年了
It has been three years since he
smoked.
他已经戒烟三年了。
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