-
高考英语
Wh-
ever
从句辨析
陕西省安康市岚皋中学
孙忠平
摘
要
:
在历年全国各地高考英语单项选择试题中,由连接代词
p>
whatever
,
whichever<
/p>
,
whoever
,
whomever
以及连接副词
whenever
,
wherever
,
however
引导的从句,几乎年年被作为考察的重点知识
对象,这些从句从大类上来
说或为名词性从句或为状语从句,具体到究竟是何种从句就更
是多达上十
种之多。许多考生由于弄不清各种从句的句法功能、表现特征、从句与从
p>
句间的对比与联系,碰到这样的考点往往不得要领,无从下手,常做出错
误的选择。本文结合近些年的高考英语试题,试图对
wh-ever
引导的各种
从句进行对比与剖析,帮助考生认识这些从句的表现特征、句法功能
,明
确在使用中应该注意到的细微区别等等,从而增强做题的时效性和准确度。
关键词:高考英语
wh-ever
从句
辨析
词缀
-ever
与部分疑问代词和疑问副词结合,生成能够引导名词
性从句
或者状语从句的连接代词或连接副词,意为“无论??”
、
“不管??”
。比
较常见的有
whatever
(无论什么)
,which
ever
(无论哪个)
,whoever
(无论
是谁)
,whomever
(
无论是谁)
,whenever
(无论何时)
< br>,wherever
(无论何
处)
,however
(不管怎样)
,这些连接词究竟各自能引导
什么类型的从句,
如何判断使用的正确与否以及怎样与其他意义相近的句型进行改换等等
,
几乎是历年高考英语单项知识题、短文改错等题型中常常会涉猎到的题点,
也是令不少考生感到困惑,无从下手的难点。
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1 -
下面笔者结合近几年全国
各地高考试题中涉及的相关考点,就上述这
些词引导的从句类型进行对比辨析,引入相关
句型进行句式变换,从而找
出其特征和规律,以达正确判断,灵活运用之目的。
一、
whenever,wherever,
however
通常情况下只引导让步状语从句,可
以分别用<
/p>
no matter when,no matter where
以及
no matter how
来进
行替换
改写。请看以下各例:
Whenever you
come
,you
’
ll be
welcome.
(
Whenever you
come=No matter
when you
come
)无论你什么时候来,我们都欢迎你。
You can stay at my cottage in the
country
whenever you like
.
(
whenever
you
like=no matter when you like
)只要你愿意,无论什么
时候都可以住在我
乡下的小屋里。
The dog follows me
wherever
I go
.( wherever I go=no matter where I
go)
我
无论走到何处,狗狗都会跟着我。
Wherever
he goes
out
,he
always
takes
his
umbrella.( Wherever
he
goes
out=No matter where he
goes out)
不管他外出到哪里,他都会带着雨伞。
He
had
to
get
the
car
fixed
however
much
it
cost
.(
however
much
it
cost=no
matter how much it
cost)
无论花多大代价他都得找人把车修好。
However
hard
she
tried
,
nothing
seemed
to
work.
(
However
hard
she
tried=No
matter how hard she
tried
)无论她多么努力,好像都无济于事。
这里需要指出的是,
whenever,wherever
除了引导让步状语从句外,也
可分别引导时间状语从句和地点状语从句,含义相
当于
when
和
where
,但
语气更强。另外,使用
however
作引导词时,一定要注意句子的词序,即
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however+
形容词或副词
+
主语
+
谓语
…
=no
matter
how+
形容词或副词
+
主语
+
谓语
…
。
I'd
like to see you whenever it's convenient.
在你方便的时候我想来看看
你。
Whenever I mention playing football, he
says he
’
s too busy.
我一跟他提
踢足球的事
,
他就说太忙。
Sit
wherever you like.
你爱坐哪儿坐哪儿。
Avoid structures of this kind wherever
possible.
凡有可能使用的地方尽量
避免出现这种结构
。
试做以下高考题:
①
_____, I have to put it
away and focus my attention on study this week.
(2004
上海卷
)
A. However the story is
amusing
B. No
matter amusing the story is
C. However
amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
②
You should try to get a
good night
’
s sleep _____
much work you have to
do.
(
p>
2004
湖北卷)
A.
however
B.
no matter
C. although
D.
whatever
③
He tried his best
to solve the problem, ______difficult it was.
(2005
天津
卷
)
A. however
B.
no matter
C. whatever
D
.although
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④
This is a very
interesting book. I'll buy it, _____.
(2006
陕西卷
)
A. no
matter how it may cost
B. how may it cost
C. how much may it cost
D. however much
it may cost
⑤
______ hungry I am, I never
seem to be able to finish off this loaf of
bread.
(
2008
辽宁卷
)
A.
Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Wherever
D. However
⑥
______well prepared you are
, you still need a lot of luck in mountain
climbing.
(2008
上海卷
)
A.
however
B. whatever
C. no matter
D.
although
⑦
Please call my
secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or
_____ it
is convenient to you
.
(
2011
江西卷)
A
.
whenever
B
.
however
C
.
whichever
D
.
wherever
⑧
The map is one
of
the best tools a man has
_____he goes to a new
place.
(2012
上海卷
)
A.
whenever
B. whatever
C. wherever
D. however
⑨
______ hard you
try, it is difficult to lose weight without
cutting down
the amount you eat.
(2012
湖南卷
)
A.
However
B.
Whatever
C. Whichever
D. Whenever
(答案:①
C
②
A
③
A
④
D
⑤
D
⑥
A
⑦
A
⑧
A
⑨
A
)
p>
二、
whatever,whichever
,whoever,whomever
这四个连接代词既可以引导
名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从句。这时,理解引导词的句法成分功
能以及如何
对其进行变换改写成为认识两种不同类型从句的关键。先看以
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下各组例句:
1
、
Whatever he did
was right.( Whatever he did=Anything
that he did)
他所
做的一切都是对的。
(主语从句)
Whatever
you
say
to
her
,she
still
keeps
smiling.(
Whatever
you
say
to
her=No matter what you
say to her)
不管你对她说些什么,
她总是报之以微
笑。
(让步状语从句)
2
、
Whichever
of
you
comes
in
will
receive
a
prize.(Whichever
of
you
comes=Anyone of you
comes in)
你们哪一位进来都会得到一份奖品。
(
p>
主语从
句
)
Whichever book you
borrow
,you must return it in a
week.(Whichever book
you borrow=No
matter which book you borrow)
不管你借阅哪一本书,
你都必
须在一周之内归还。
(让步状语从句)
< br>
3
、
I
’
ll give my ticket to
whoever wants it
.( whoever
wants it=anyone who
wants it)
谁想要,我就把我的票给谁。
(宾语从句)
Whoever
telephones
,tell
him
I
’
m
out.(
Whoever
telephones=No
matter
who telephones)
无论谁打电话,就说我不在。
(让步状语从句)
4
、
But
I
also
find
that
it
allows
me
to
be
whomever
I
want
(
to
be
)
.( whomever I
want=anyone who(m) I want (to be))
不过,我也
发现,
这个
名字也让我可以做我想做的任何人。
(表语从句)
I'll give it to
him,
whomever I should give it
to
.( whomever I should give it
to=no matter whom I should give it to)<
/p>
这东西,我该给谁就给谁。
(让步状语
从
句)
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