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新沪教版英语初初一下册Unit 5 Water(基础知识)

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2021-02-16 12:11
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2021年2月16日发(作者:corrected)


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沪教版初中英语一年级下册



精编试题及知识点汇总




学生姓名:

















班级:




















学号:




Unit 5 Water








































词句精讲精练








































词汇精讲



1



voice

voice


作名词,意为



声音< /p>


;


嗓音



。用于 人时,指说话、歌唱或发笑的声音,也可指发言权。


用于其它方面时,常含悦耳之声,如 鸟鸣声,乐器声音等。例如:




Please speak in a louder voice.



请大声说。



He talked of his trip to Hong Kong in a cheerful voice.


他兴高采烈地谈了他的香港之行。



She has a sweet voice.



她声音很甜美。



【拓展】




1



noise


可以作可数名词,


也可以用作不可数名词,


表示


< p>
人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声




例如:



I heard some strange noises last night.


昨夜我听见一些奇怪的响声。




There’s a lot of noise here.


这个地方人声嘈杂。





2



sound


泛指自然界的任何声音,不论其高低、是否悦耳等。例如:



I heard the sound of running water.


我听见流水声。




Light travels faster than sound.


光比声音传播得快。



2



drop



1


)作不及物动词,意为



丢下,掉下,落下



。例如:



The apple dropped from the tree to the ground.


苹果从树上掉到地上。



The ball dropped out of his hand.



球从他手里掉了下来。


< p>


2


)作及物动词,意为



使掉下,使落下



。例如:



Mary dropped the vase on the floor.



玛丽失手把花瓶掉在地板上。



【拓展】




1



drop in /around


表示



探望,串门


< br>。例如:



Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford.



如果你到布拉福特,请顺便来看看我们。



My sister dropped around last night.



昨晚我姐姐顺便来看了我。




2



drop i n(


顺便拜访


)


是不及物动词短语,< /p>


其后不能接宾语。若语义上需要接宾语,


根据情

< br>况可用


on(


针对人


)



at(


针对地方


)< /p>


。例如:



She dropped in at his office.



她去了他的办公室找他。



I thought I’d drop in on you while I was passing.




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我曾想路过时就来看看你。



3. add to


作动词,意为



加,增 加



,常用以下结构:




1



add… to…


意为




……


加到


……”


。例如:

< br>



Don’t add salt to the water.


别再往水里加盐了。




2



add up


意为




……


加起来





Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you have.



把所有的数字加起来你就明白有多少。




3



add up to


意为



总计;加起来结果 是






All the numbers add up to exactly 900.


所有数加起来一共


900


< p>


4. through


through


作介词,意为



通过,穿过



,多指从物体的中间穿过。例如:



The River Thames flows through London.


泰晤士河流经伦敦。



【拓展】



辨析:


through, across



cross


through


across


cross


介词,指从物体的内部传过。



介词,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。



动词,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。



例如:



He went through the forest the next day.


次日他穿过了森林。



We walked across the road.



我们穿过马路。



We found it impossible to cross the road.


我们发现过马路是不可能的。



5. journey




journey< /p>


作名词,指从一地到另一地,通常指陆地上的远距离


< p>
旅行



,有时也可以表示经常

走的或长或短的



路程



。例如:



I took a journey from Beijing to Shanghai last year.


我去年从北京旅游到上海。




How long is your journey to school?


你到学校的路程是多远?





Onl


y about 10 minutes’ walk.


仅步行


1 0


分钟。



【拓展】




1




trip


作名词,一般指时间短、距离近的

< br>“


旅行、远足



,也可以指长途 旅行。在非正式


用语中可代替


journey

< br>。例如:



We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time.




上周我们坐船游岛,玩得很开心。



I will be on a trip to / journey to the south next summer holiday.


下个暑假我们要到南方去玩。




2



travel


可作动词和名词,意为



旅行、游历



,一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概


念。常指长时间、远 距离的



旅行



,尤指出国旅行。例如:



At present, many people are fond of travel in their spare time.



目前,许多人喜欢在空闲的时间去旅行。



They came home after years of foreign travel.


他们从国外旅行回来了。



Light travels faster than sound.


光比声音传播的速度快。



6. valuable






1



valuable< /p>


作形容词,意为



贵重的,有价值的



。例如:






Thank you for your valuable time.


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谢谢你宝贵的时间。






Real friendship is more valuable than money.






真正的友谊比金钱更宝贵。






2




be valuable to


意为




……


有用




to


是介词,表示



对于


……”


。例如:






Your advice will be valuable to me.






你的建议对我具有重大价值。





7. turn off





turn off


是动副结构的动词短语,


意为


关闭


(煤气,


自来水,


电灯等)< /p>




它的反义词为


“turn on”




Turn on/off the heat



please.


请打开


/


关掉暖气。



【拓展】





(1) off


还可作



(离)开;


(走)开;


……


下;关掉



讲。例如:









I must be off.


我该走了。









He took off his coat.


他脱掉了大衣。









The gas is off.


煤气关了。





(2) off


和动词搭配,表示不同的含义:









take off


脱下;起飞








fall off…



……

< p>
掉下来






turn off


关上









break off


终止













pay off


付清














get off


下车



much



too much


意为



许多,大量



, 后接不可数名词,也可作代词短语。例如:




I ate too much meat. I’m fat.


我吃太多肉了,我胖了。



I had to


o much. I’m full now.


我吃的太多了,现在饱了。




【拓展】



too much / too many / much too


的辨析:



词语



too much


too many


much too


词形



形容词短语



形容词短语



副词短语



特点



后跟不可数名词,也可作代词短语



后跟可数名词的复数,也可作代词短语



后跟形容词或副词



例如:




Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth.


不要吃太多的糖,对牙齿不好。




There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.




房间里有太多的书了,你可以选择任何一本来读。




It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.




外面太冷了,你应该穿上外套。



9. a few




1



a few


意为



几个;少许

< p>


相当于


several


,只修饰可数名词复数,表肯定含义。例如:



He has a few friends.


他有几个朋友。




2



few


意为



少数的;很少的



,只修饰可数名词,表否定含义。例如:



I can see few birds in the tree.


我几乎看不到树上有鸟。



【拓展】




1



little


意为



很少;一点儿



,用于< /p>




量;额;价值



等概念,修饰不可数名词,表否定


含义。

< br>little


还表示



小的



之意。例如:



There is little milk in the cup.


杯子里没有牛奶了。



A little boy is coming.


一个小男孩过来了。



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2



a little


意为



有点儿;少量< /p>



修饰不可数名词,



表示肯定含义。例如:



He has a little money with him.


他随身带了点儿钱。





词汇精练



I.


英汉词组互译。



1. add...to..._____________

















2.


关上 (电灯、自来水等)


_________


3. dry up _______________

















4.


记得要做(某事)


__________


5. come out of ________________











6.


零花钱


____________


7.(be) made up of ______________












8.


一滴水



_____________


II.


根据首字母和句子意思把单词补充完整。



1. We should save every d______ of fresh water.




2. “Be quiet,” said Tom in a low v_____ to his classmates.




workers a_____ chemicals(


化学物质


)______ the swimming pool to keep it clean.




t_______ the forest and you will find a beautiful lake.



5. These old books are v_______ to my father.




6. Life is a pleasant j_______.








7. The tap is running. Can you t______ it off?





8. R_______ to post the letter for me.







III.


从方框中选择恰当的单词,并用其适当形式完成句子。




fall from



too much, a few, make up of,




turn off, add to, come out of, pocket money



1. Yesterday




Lily _______ her bike but luckily she didn’t hurt herself.



2. You should _______ your computer if you don’t use it any more.



3. How much sugar do you want to _______ your coffee?


4. The machine is _________of three parts.


5. I don’t know much French, but ______ words.



6. We saw him _________the room.


7. I think


Americans eat ______meat, and it’s bad for their body.



8. Although Tom has lots of ______, he never wastes it. He saved it up to buy books.


IV


.


听力链接。




2015


湖北襄阳中考)





1. Whom did David go to the zoo with?





A. His parents.













B. Frank.





















C. Ann.




2. How did they get to the zoo?





A. By car.



















B. By bike.




















C. By bus.




3. What did David think of the animal show?





A. It was scary.














B. It was awful.

















C. It was great.





V


.



few. a few, little



a little


填空。




1. There’s still ________ water in the bottle.




2. The old man has ________ money with him, only five


yuan


.



3. My father is a man with ________ words. He is always very quiet.



4. ________ of us go to Shanghai every year. Now we’re talking about it.




5. There is ______ time left, I must go.



6. At midnight there are _______ people in the street. Most of them are asleep.


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