拆译法

Translating Skill: Division(

分

/

拆译法

)

Objectives:

1. To get some idea about division as a basic

translating skill;

2. To learn how to use division while doing translation between English and Chinese.

Main Contents:

1.

The definition of division as a translating skill;

2.

The application of division in E

—

C translation;

Practices:

The practice of division in E

—

C translation.

Teaching Procedures:

Part I Please try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1. He, not surprisingly, did not come at all.

2. He is honest. He is straightforward.

3. About one hundred elements, two thirds of which are metals, have been found.

4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old.

5. We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.

6. Is there any problem I mentioned that you don?t understand?

Reference answers:

1. He, not surprisingly, did not come at all.

他根本就没来，这是不足为奇的。

2. He is honest. He is straightforward.

他为人纯朴而坦诚。

3. About one hundred elements, two thirds of which are metals, have been found.

已经发现

100

种元素，其中三分之二是金属。

4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old.

他三岁时父亲就去世了，因此，他不记得父亲。

5. We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.

我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。

6. Is there any problem I mentioned

that you don?t understand

?

我提到的问题中，你们还有没有不懂的？

Part II Compare the two versions of translation.

1. Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.

物质具有一定的能使我们容易识别它们的特征。

物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来识别它们。

2. I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, where rays streamed through the

narrow window near my bed.< /p>

我趁着正要落下去的半个月亮光穿上衣服；

月光从床边狭窄的窗< /p>

子照射了进来。

半轮残月渐渐西坠，月 光透过床旁边的一扇狭窄的窗子照射进来，我趁着月光穿上衣服。

3. Immediately, the bandit opened fire, killing four workers and injuring the fifth who later died of

his wounds.

刹那 间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了后来死于枪伤的第五个人。

刹那间那匪徒开火了，

打死了四名工人，

打伤了另一名 。

这名工人后来也因伤势过重而死去。

Part III General Analysis.

英语重形合，而汉语 则重意合，这种截然不同的外在表现形式要求我们在英汉翻译时要

谨记这种差异，化繁为 简，化长为短，化整为零。一般说来，英语长句比较多，汉语句子一

般比较短。英语的后 置修饰语有时很长，而汉语的修饰语一般前置，不宜过长。因此，在很

多情况下，

英语长句的翻译通常采用分译法分译成几个短句，

原封不动地对原文中 的长句进

行汉译，往往会使译文读者感到费解。

吉尼斯世界记录是属于美国著名作家乔伊斯

(James Jo yce)

的名著

《尤利西斯》

(Uly sses)

，

被称为

< br>一部二十世纪最伟大的英语小说

。这本书英文版的第十八 章全章只有两个标点符

号，在第四句和第八句结尾的句号。如果按八句算，那么最长的句 子有

4391

个词。如果按

两句算，那 么最长的句子有

12931

个词。英国作家

Jonathan

Coe

在

20 01

年出版的小说《腐

烂者俱乐部》

( The Rotters' Club)

，书中有一句话有

13 955

个词。

3. 1 Definition:

Division (< /p>

分

/

拆译法

):

Division is the necessary splitting of an element (word, phrase, sentence)

into several ones or the splitting of the subordinate clauses into several sentences. A word may

turn to an independent sentence or a phrase.

分句法是指为了符合汉语表达习惯

,

也为了更清楚地表达原文意思，

在翻译时可以改变

原文结构，< /p>

把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，

译成一个独立成分、

从句或并列分

句。

< br>因此，

为了有效地翻译好长句，

我们可对其进行语法分析 ，先找出句子的主语、谓语和

宾语，

然后找出修饰主语和宾语的 定语或定语从句，

以及修饰谓语的状语或状语从句。

理清

句子的语法层次之后，就要按照汉语的语言习惯调整搭配，恰如其分地进行分译。

当然，在

文学翻译时，为了保留原文特定的文体风格，有时我们还非得保留原 文的长句不可。

3. 2 Splitting a sentence at will is bound to damage the style, or the meaning of

the

original,

but

that

doesn’t

mean

to

split

the

sentence

is

absolutely

impermissible. Some rules should be followed.

3.2.1. Division of a noun

1) Much of the historical splendor of China strains the imagination of Western people: its expanse,

its cultural diversity, the length of its history

,

the beautiful objects produced thousands of years

ago with a technology that still makes the experts gasp.

中国历史上的许多辉煌成就令许多西方人心驰神往：

其内容博大精深，

其文化多姿多彩，

其

历史悠长久远，

她在数千年之前在制作众多极品中所使用的精湛技艺至今还令专家们惊 叹不

已。

2) Nixon was greatly impressed by Stassen?s

firm handshake. (W. Manchester: The Glory and the

Dream)

史塔生紧紧和他握手

，

尼克松对这点印象很深刻。

3) At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.

现在，人 们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为

它安全，

不招 风险

.

3.2.2 Division of an adjective

1

）

His announcement got a mixed reaction.

他的声明引起了反响，有好有坏。

2

）

That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.

那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的

。

3

）

He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy

phrases.

他感到习语是语言的主要支柱，因此特别主 张用生动的短语，他的想法是非常正确的

。

4) Jefferson believed that government are, at best, necessary

evil.

杰弗逊认为有政府总归是坏事，从最好的角度来说 ，只能说这种坏事是有所必要的。

5) Chinese people are justly famous for hospitality throughout the world

中国人民以好客闻名于世，名不虚传。

6)

Strange enough, they were the same age to the day.

说来也巧，他俩同年同月同日生。

3.3.3 Division of a verb

1)She inspected the table for dust with her finger.

她用手指抹抹桌子，看看是否有灰尘。

2)But their army had outrun their supplies.

他们的军队进展太快，以至于给养供应不上。

3)The town boasts a beautiful lake.

镇上有一个美丽的湖，人人以此为傲。

3.3.4 Division of an adverb

1) She was pardonably

proud of her wonderful cooking.

她为她高超的烹调技术自豪，这是情有可原的。

2)Jordan cannot politely

turn down the invitation to an Arab fore

ign ministers? conference.

约旦拒绝阿拉伯外长会议的邀请，这在礼节上是说不过去的。

3)I tried vainly to put the pieces together. (Helen Keller: The Story of My Life)

我想把这些碎片拼在一起，可是拼不起来。

4)

A schoolmaster, finding such errors in a schoolboy?s essay, would be

justly indignant.

小学老师要是在学生的作文里发现那样的错误也一定会生气， 而生气是完全应该的。

3.3.5 Division of a phrase

1) The wrong power-line connections will damage the motor.

如果把电源接错，就会损坏电动机。

2)

The factory was already spreading fame for its products.

这个工厂产品质量优良，这一点已远近闻名。

3)

Electronic

computers

being

used,

the

complex

problem

was

solved

quickly

and

accurately.

(participle phrase)