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case,
condition, situation, position, point, stage
等名词后接
where
引出的定语从句小议
不久前，下面这道题引发了我们对
s
tage
作先行词之后的定语从句引导词的问题以
及其它类似定
于从句的探讨，
先看一道题
:
the
conflict
had
developed
into
a
stage
______
the
two
countries
were
gathering
big
troops on the border.
（<
/p>
2009
学年第二学期浙东北（
zdb<
/p>
）三校期中联考高二英语试卷（
2010.05
< br>））
a. where
b.
when
c.
which
d. that
本题到底是选
a
还是选
b
？关键问题在于对先行词
stage
的理解，根据《牛津高阶英汉双
解词典》
（第七版）
简作
（
oal
d
）
的解析：
stage:
a
period
of
state
that
sb./sth.
passes
through while developing or making
progress.
既可以理解为事件“
(
< br>进展或进展的
)
阶段，
状态”
;
又可以理解为“时期”。而
上题中作“阶段”或“时期”都理解的通。
再看
stage
的用法
;
*stage
名词
n. [c]
1.
舞台
some girls are dancing on the stage.
一些女孩在舞台上跳舞。
2.
注意中心
,
活动舞
台
,
场所
3
.(
进展的
)
阶段
;
时期
a
caterpillar must pass through the cocoon stage to
become a butterfly.
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表示这些意思时，当<
/p>
stage
作先行词后有定语从句时，。
例句：
1.
表地点
:
the stage where the
girls are going to dance is in the gym.
2.
表时期
:
the stage
when he is preparing for his study is
really important.
不同的叙述：
①当
< br>先行词
为
case
，
condition
，
situation
，
position
，
point
，
stage
等名词，表
示情况、
方面、处境时用关系副词
where.
②当先行词是
case, condition,
situation, position, point, stage
等名词时，
表示
情况、方面、处境时，用关系副词
where.
但先行词是
occasion
时，用关系副词
when.
③当
situation, condition, stage,
point
，
scenes
做先行词时，用
where
引导定语从
句
④先行词通常是
time,
day,
season,
age,
occasion
等时间名词时其后的定语从句用
when
引导
.
事实上
,
当
先行词
occasion,
point, stage
等名词是表示时间节点的时候，其后的定语从
句就用
when
引导，在从句中作时间状语
.
例如：
1. i
can remember very few occasions when he had to
cancel because of ill health.
（
oald
）
我记得他因健康不佳
而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。
when
引导定语从句，在从句中
作时间状
语
.
2.
（
2008
·山东·
26
）
occasions are
quite rare ___________i have the time to spend
a day with my kids.
a. who
b. which
c.
why
d. when
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答案选
d
。考查定语从句。此题关键是要根据句意判定是定语从句。句意为：我有时间
和孩
子们一起度过一天的机会很少。
occasions
是先行词
,
所选关系词在定语从句中
要作时间状
语
,
故选
d
项
3. we had reached the point when there
was no money.
我们那时已到了没有一分钱的
时
刻。
point
表示“某一阶段
,
关头”，
所以其后用
when
引导定语从句。
4. there
comes a point in your life when you realize: who
matters, who never did,
who won't
anymore
5. china is now at a stage of
accelerated industrialization and urbanization
when
the contradiction between economic
growth and environmental protection is
particularly prominent.
中国目前
正处于工业化和城市化加速发展的阶段
,
此时经济增长和环境保
护之间的矛盾十分
突出。
source:
hard
times
call
for
green
economy/by
hu
shaowei
(china
daily
03/24/2010
page8)
< br>但更多情况是：
position
，
situation, stage, case
等，作先行词时，其后的定语从句
应
用
where
引导定语从句。如：<
/p>
dictionary online
more
examples
introducing
a
clause
with
'when
'
can
be
found
but
it
is
hard
to
find
an example with 'where'
after 'occasion'.
is the same with
longman dictionary
these
conditions,
where
we
see
so
much
uncertainty
with
leadership
succession,
possible
instability,
we
see
no
arms
control,
we
see
no
confidence
building
measures,
we
see
no
disarmament,
we
see
north
korea
refusing
to
return
to
the
six-party
talks,
we see the sinking of the cheonan and
potential clashes in the west sea around the
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northern
limit line. so a lot of people are just saying
this is just not the right
time,
voa news.
it
is the same with ' situation'.
into gaza to a situation
where things come into gaza as a matter of course
unless
they are on the prohibited list.
it allows us to facilitate the united nations
projects
for
reconstruction
in
things
like
schools
and
hospital
and
water
sanitation
and so on.
bbc
news
新闻
20100621
were put in a position in
which(=where) we had either to accept we were less
important, or fight the
government.(
人教版新课标高中英语必修
1
line25.p34)
我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或
者是与政府作斗争。
这是一个主从复合句，
in which
引导定语从句，修饰先行词
position
。
4. can you think of a situation
where you once felt embarrassed?
你能设想起你曾经有过感到很窘迫的场合吗
?
is the boss of the restaurant where
（
= in
which
）
we often have lunch.
6. the last thirty years have seen the
greatest number of laws stopping our rights
and progress until today we have
reached a stage where we have almost no rights at
all.
(
人教版新课标高中英语必修
1
line19-20 p34)
注
意：
近年
来高考对关系副词
where
的考查趋于复杂化，从先行词为明
显的“地点”发展
为“模糊的地点化”
。事实上，当先行词表示
某事物发展的某个
situation
“情景”、
stage
“阶段”或某种程度时都可以用
wher
e
引导定语从句。
所以文章开头那道题答案为
< br>a.
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