-
Unit Three
第三单元
Lead-in
Movie Clip
Quotes
导入
电影剪辑
引用
Movie Clip
电影剪辑
Watch the movie clip and answer the
following questions.
观看电影剪辑并回答以下问题。
According to Dr. Pritchard, which two
questions should be answered to determine a poem's
greatness?
普里查德博士认为，要决定一首诗的伟
大，应该回答哪两个问题？
The two
questions are: One: How artfully has the objective
of the poem been rendered?Two: How
important is that objective?
这两个问题是
:
第一
:
这首诗的目的是如何巧妙地被呈现的？第二
:
这个目
标有多重要？
Why did Mr. Keating
ask his students to rip out the entire page in the
book?
为什么基廷先生要他的学生把书的整页撕掉？
Because he wanted them to learn to
think for themselves and savour words and
language.
因为他想让他们学会独立思考，品味词语和语言。
Discussion:
讨论
:
Do you think it false respect to keep
the books you read physically complete and
undamaged?Why
or why not?
你认
为让你阅读的书保持完整无损是错误的尊重吗？为什么或为什么不？
(This is an open question.)
(
这是一个开放的问题。
)
Script
脚本
(From Dead Poets Society)
(
来自死亡诗人协会
)
- Gentlemen, open your text to Page 21
of the . Perry, will you read the opening
paragraph of the preface entitled
-
先生们，把你们的文章翻到引言的第
21
页。佩里先生，你能读一读前言中题为
“
理解
诗歌
”
的那一段吗？
-
be fluent with its metre,
rhyme and figures of ask two : How artfully has
the objective of the poem been
rendered?And, two: How important is that
objective?Question one
rates the poem's
on two rates its once these questions have been
answered, determining a poem's
greatness becomes a relatively simple the poem's
score for
perfection is plotted on the
horizontal of a graph, and its importance is
plotted on the vertical, then
calculating the total area of the poem
yields the measure of its greatness.A sonnet by
Byron might
score high on the vertical,
but only average on the horizontal.A Shakespearean
sonnet, on the other
hand would score
high both horizontally and vertically, yielding a
massive total y
revealing the poem to
be truly you proceed through the poetry in this
book, practise this
rating your
ability to evaluate poems in this manner grows, so
will...so will your
enjoyment and
understanding of poetry.
-
理解
诗歌
，博士埃文斯普里查德博士。要完全理解诗歌，我们必须首
先熟练掌握它的韵律、
韵律和修辞。然后问两个问题。第一
:<
/p>
这首诗的目的是如何巧妙地被表达出来的？第二
:
这个
目标有多重要？问题一评价这首诗的完美。问题二评价其重要性。一旦这些
问题得到回答，
决定一首诗的伟大就变得相对简单了。如果这首诗的完美分数被画在图表
的横线上，它的重
要性被画在竖线上，那么计算这首诗的总面积就能得出它伟大的程度。
拜伦的十四行诗在垂
直方向上可能得分很高，但在水平方向上只能算一般。另一方面，莎
士比亚的十四行诗在水
平和垂直两方面得分都很高，产生了巨大的总面积。从而揭示这首
诗是真正伟大的。当你继
续阅读这本书里的诗歌时，练习这种评分方法。随着你以这种方
式评价诗歌的能力的增长，
你也会这样
...
< br>你对诗歌的欣赏和理解也会如此。
- 's what
I think of Mr. J. Evans 're not laying 're talking
about
poetry.I mean, how can you
describe poetry like American Bandstand?I like
Byron.I give him a
I can't dance to ,
I want you to rip out that out the entire
heard it it out!Go it you, Mr. men,
tell you
't just tear out that out the
entire introduction.I want it gone,
nothing of it out!Rip!Be gone, J.
Evans Pritchard, Ph.D.!Rip!Shred!Tear!Rip it out!I
want to
hear nothing but ripping of Mr.
Pritchard!We'll perforate it, put it on a
roll!It's not the 're
not gonna go to
hell for a clean tear.I want nothing left of it.
粪便。这就是我对埃文斯
·
普里查德先
生的看法。我们没有铺设管道。我们在谈论诗歌。我
是说，你怎么能像美国音乐台那样描
述诗歌呢？我喜欢拜伦。我给他
42
分。但是我不能跟
着它跳舞。现在，我要你把那一页撕掉。继续。撕掉整页。你听到了。撕了它。拔出来！继
续。撕了它。谢谢你，道尔顿先生。先生们，告诉你们。不要只是撕掉那一页。撕掉整个介
绍。我要它消失，历史。不要留下任何东西。拔出来！撕开。走吧，埃文斯
< br>·
普里查德博士！
撕开。撕碎。撕裂。拔出来！我只想听
到对普里查德先生的嘲笑！我们会在上面打孔，把它
卷起来！这不是圣经。你不会为此下
地狱的。继续。撕个干净。我不想留下任何东西。
- We
shouldn't be doing this.
-
我们不应该这样做。
- Rip!Rip!Rip!
-
瑞普！撕开。撕开。
- Rip it out!Rip!Rip it!Yeah!Rip it
out!
-
撕开它！撕开。撕开它！耶！拔出来！
- Rip it!
-
撕开它！
- What the hell is going on here?
-
这到底是怎么回事？
- I don't hear enough rips.
-
我没有听到足够的撕裂声。
- Mr. Keating.
-
基廷先生。
- Mr. McAllister.I'm sorry, I ...I
didn't know you were here.
麦卡利斯特先生。对不起，
我
...
我不知道你在这里。
- I am.
-
我是。
-
you me.
-
啊。所以你是。不好意思。
- Keep ripping, is a battle, a the
casualties could be your hearts and
you, Mr. of academics going forward measuring !We
will not
have that more of Mr. J.
Evans , my class, you will learn to think for
yourselves will learn to savour words
and matter what anybody tells you,
words, and ideas can change the world.
-
继续撕，先生们。这是一场战斗，一场战争。伤亡可能是你们
的心灵。谢谢你，道尔顿先
生。成群结队的学者在向前测量诗歌。不要。我们这里不会有
。别再提埃文斯
·
普里查德先
生了。现
在，我的同学们，你们将再次学会独立思考。你将学会品味单词和语言。无论任何
人告诉
你什么，语言和思想都可以改变世界。
Quotes
引用
Read the
following quotes and tell your classmates which
one is your your reasons.
读下面的引言，告诉你的同
学哪一个是你最喜欢的。陈述你的理由。
Books are
to mankind what memory is to the individual.
书籍对于人类就像记忆对于个人一样。
—
John Lubbock
—<
/p>
约翰
·
卢伯克
People die, but books never man and no
force can abolish memory.
人会死，但书不会死。没有人和任何力量可以消除记忆。
—
Franklin Roosevelt
—
富兰克林
·
罗斯福
Books are the quietest and most
constant of friends;they are the most accessible
and wisest of
counselors;and the most
patient of teachers.
书籍是最安静、最永恒的朋友；他们是最
容易接近和最聪明的顾问；也是最有耐心的老师。
—
——
艾略特
The reading of all good books is like a
conversation with the finest men of past
centuries.
阅读所有好书就像和过去几个世纪最优秀的人交谈。
—
Rene Descartes
—
勒内
·
笛卡尔
There are two motives for reading a
book: one that you enjoy it;the other that you can
boast about it.
阅读一本书有两个动机
:<
/p>
一是你喜欢它；另一个是你可以吹嘘的。
—
Bertrand Russell
——
伯特兰
·
罗素
Reading furnishes the mind only
with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that
makes what we
read ours.
阅读只
给头脑提供知识材料，是思考让我们阅读的东西成为我们的。
—
John Locke
——
约翰
·
洛克
Reading without reflecting is like
eating without digesting.
读书不思考就像吃饭不消化。
—
Edmund Burke
——
埃德蒙
·
伯克
Books are the ever-burning lamps of
accumulated wisdom.
书籍是积累智慧的长明灯。
—
柯蒂斯
Text
Text I
Pre-
Reading Questions
The Main Idea
Background Notes
Text
Comments on the Text
Exercises
Text II
Text
Comprehension
文本
正文一
预读问题
主要观点
背景说明
文本
对文本的评论
练习
文本二
文本
理解
Text I
正文一
Pre-Reading
Questions
预读问题
You must have heard of the phrase read
between the lines and know what it you don't,
look
up the phrase in a dictionary and
find out what it means.
你一定听说过这句话，并且知道它
的意思。如果你没有，在字典里查找这个短语并找出它的
意思。
Most probably you won't find write
between the lines in any might this phrase
mean?Are the two phrases in any way
related to each other?Should the phrase write
between the
lines be taken literally or
figuratively?What might be the content of the
text?Think about these
questions before
reading.
很可能你在任何字典里都找不到字里行间的含义。这个短语是什么意
思？这两个短语有任何
联系吗？短语写在字里行间应该是字面上还是象征性的？课文的内
容可能是什么？在阅读前
思考这些问题。
For your reference
供您参考
The
dictionary definition of read between the lines
is:
express;gather more meanings from a
text that are not actually stated, but implied
字典对字里行间阅读的定义是
:“
找到比单词所
表达的意思更多的意思；从文本中收集更多的
含义，这些含义不是实际陈述的，而是隐含
的
”
。
Write between the lines is not a set
writer has invented this phrase by following the
pattern of the set phrase read between
the lines and replacing read with write to stress
the
importance of writing notes and
comments in the book one is spite of the word
in the title, this essay is actually a
piece of good advice on how to
字里行间不是固定
短语。作者发明了这个短语，他遵循了从字里行间读出的固定短语的模式，
用
“
写
”
来代替
“
读
”
，以强调在他正在
读的书中写笔记和评论的重要性。尽管标题中有
“
写作
”
这个词，这篇文章实际上是一条关于如何有效
“
阅读
”
的好建议。
< br>
The Main Idea
主要观点
Read the
text rapidly once to get the main reading, keep
these questions in mind: What
does the
writer mean by writing between the lines?Is the
writer for or against writing between the
lines?What is his chief argument?
快速读一遍课文，找出大意。阅读时，记住这些问题
:
作者在字里行间写作是什么意思？作
者是赞成还是反对字里行间的写作？他的主要论
点是什么？
For your reference
供您参考
The writer
is trying to persuade the reader to write down in
the book he is reading his reactions to
the reader's reactions may include his
questions, his agreements or differences of
opinion
with the author, his doubts and
so this way the reader will be doing the most
efficient kind of
reading.
作
者试图说服读者在他正在阅读的书中写下他对文本的反应。读者的反应可能包括他的问题、
他与作者的一致或不同意见、他的疑虑等等。这样，读者将会做最有效的阅读。
Background Notes
背景说明
(1) Paradise
Lost
(1)
失乐园
Paradise Lost
is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century
English poet John
poem concerns the
Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation
of Adam and Eve by the fallen
angel
Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of 's
purpose, stated in Book I, is to
over ten thousand individual
lines of verse.A second edition followed in 1674,
changed into twelve
books (in the
manner of the division of Virgil's Aeneid) with
minor revisions throughout and a note
on the is considered by critics to be
Milton's
solidify his reputation as one
of the greatest English poets of his time.
《失乐园》是
17
世纪英国诗人约翰
< br>·
弥尔顿的一首无韵史诗。这首诗讲述了《圣经》中关于
人类堕落的故事
:
堕落天使撒旦对亚当和夏娃的诱惑以及他们被
逐出伊甸园。弥尔顿的目的，
在第一卷中，是为了
“
证明上帝对人类的方式是正当的
”
。它最初出版于
1667
年的十本书里，
总共有一万多
行独立的诗句。第二版于
1674
年出版，改成了十二本书
(
以维吉尔的《埃涅伊
德》的划分方式
)
，并在整个版本中做了一些小的修改和一个版本注释。批评家认为
这是弥
尔顿的
“
主要作品
”
，这部作品帮助巩固了他作为他那个时代最伟大的英国诗人之一的声誉。<
/p>
(2) Rembrandt
(2)
伦勃朗
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van
Rijn(15 July 1606
–
4
October 1669) was a Dutch painter and
is generally considered one of the greatest
painters and printmakers in European art
history and the most important in Dutch
contributions to art came in a period of great
wealth and cultural achievement that
historians call the Dutch Golden Age when Dutch
Golden Age
painting, although in many
ways antithetical to the Baroque style that
dominated Europe, was
extremely
prolific and innovative.
伦勃朗
·
哈尔曼松
·
凡
·
莱因
(1606
年
7
月
15
日
< br>-1669
年
10
月
4
日
)
是荷兰画家和蚀刻
师。他被
普遍认为是欧洲艺术史上最伟大的画家和版画制作人之一，也是荷兰历史上最重
要的人物。
他对艺术的贡献发生在一个历史学家称之为荷兰黄金时代的巨大财富和文化成
就的时期，当
时荷兰黄金时代的绘画，尽管在许多方面与统治欧洲的巴洛克风格相反，却
极其丰富和创新。
(3) Gone with the
Wind
(3)
《飘》
Gone with the Wind is a
novel written by Margaret Mitchell, first
published in story is set
in Clayton
County, Georgia, and Atlanta during the American
Civil War and
depicts the experiences
of Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a
well-to-do plantation owner,
who must
use every means at her disposal to come out of the
poverty she finds herself in after
Sherman's
book was adapted
into a 1939 American with the Wind is the only
novel by
Mitchell published during her
lifetime.
《飘》是玛格丽特
·
米歇尔写的一部小说，首次出版于
1936
年。故事发生在
美国内战和重建
期间的佐治亚州克莱顿县和亚特兰大。它描述了斯佳丽
< br>·
奥哈拉的经历，她是一个富裕的种
植园主的被宠坏的女
儿，在谢尔曼的《向大海进军》之后，她必须利用一切手段摆脱贫困。
米切尔因为这本书
获得了
1937
年的普利策小说奖。这本书被改编成
1939
年的美国电影。
《飘》是米切尔一生中出
版的唯一一部小说。
Text
文本
Writing
Between the Lines
言外之意
You know you have to read
you to do something equally important
in the course of your reading.I want to persuade
you to
你知道你必须读懂
“<
/p>
言外之意
”
，才能从任何事情中获得最大
的收获。我想说服你在阅读过程
中做一些同样重要的事情。我想说服你
< br>“
言外之意
”
。除非你这样做，
否则你不可能做最有效
的那种
reading.
阅读。
I (1)contend, quite (2)bluntly, that
marking up a book is not an act of (3)mutilation
but of love.
我直截了当地认为，给一本书做标记不是一种伤害，而是一
种爱。
There are two ways in
which one can own a first is the property right
you establish by
paying for it, just as
you pay for clothes and this act of purchase is
only the (4)prelude
to ownership comes
only when you have made it a part of yourself, and
the best
way to make yourself a part of
it is by writing in illustration may make the
point buy
a beefsteak and transfer it
from the butcher's icebox to your you do not own
the beefsteak
(1)in the most important
sense until you consume it and get it into your
bloodstream.(2)I am
arguing that books,
too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do
you any good.
有两种方式可以拥有一本书。首先是你通过支付建立的财
产权，就像你支付衣服和家具一样。
但是这种购买行为只是占有的前奏。完全的所有权只
有当你把它变成你自己的一部分时才会
出现，而让你自己成为它的一部分的最好方法就是
在其中写作。一个例子也许能说明这一点。
你买了一块牛排，然后把它从屠夫的冰箱里转
移到你自己的冰箱里。但在最重要的意义上，
你并不拥有牛排，除非你吃了它并把它输入
你的血液。我认为书籍也必须被你的血液吸收，
才能对你有所帮助。
There are three kinds of book first
has all the standard sets and best-sellers
—
unread,
second
has a great many books
—
a
few of them read through, most of them as
clean and shiny as the day they were
bought.(This person would probably like to make
books his
own, but (3)is restrained by
a false respect for their physical appearance.)
The third has a few books
or many
—
every one of them dog-
eared and (5)dilapidated, shaken and loosened by
continual use,
marked and scribbled in
from front to back.
有三种图书所有者。第一本书有所有的标准
集和畅销书
——
未读的，未接触过的。第二个有
很多书
——
其中有几本是通读的，大部分都像买时一样
干净闪亮。
(
这个人可能想自己写书，
但是
(3)
被对外表的虚假尊重所束缚。
)
第三本书有几本或很多本
——
每本
都是翻卷的，由于
不断使用而变得破旧、摇晃和松散，从前面到后面都有标记和潦草的字
迹。
Is it false respect, you
may ask, to preserve (6)intact and (7)unblemished
a beautifully printed book,
an
elegantly bound edition?Of course not.I'd no more
scribble all over a first edition of Paradise
Lost than I'd give my baby a set of
crayons and an original Rembrandt!I wouldn't mark
up a
painting or a soul, (4)so to
speak, is inseparable from its the beauty of a
rare
edition or of a richly
manufactured volume is like that of a painting or
a statue.
你可能会问，保存一本印刷精美、装帧精美的书，是不是不尊重他
人？当然不是。我不会在
第一版《失乐园》上乱涂乱画，就像我不会给我的孩子一套蜡笔
和一幅伦勃朗的原作一样！
我不会给一幅画或一尊雕像做标记。它的灵魂，可以说，是和
它的身体分不开的。一个稀有
版本或一部制作精良的书的美就像一幅画或一尊雕像的美。
But the soul of a book can
be separated from its body.A book is more like the
(5)score of a piece of
music than it is
like a great musician confuses a symphony with
the printed sheets of
your respect for
magnificent binding or typography (6)gets in the
way, buy yourself a
cheap edition and
pay your respects to the author.
但是一本书的
灵魂可以从它的身体中分离出来。一本书更像一首乐曲的乐谱，而不是一幅画。
没有一个
伟大的音乐家会把交响乐和印刷的乐谱混为一谈。如果你对华丽的装帧或版式的尊
重妨碍
了你，给自己买一个便宜的版本，并向作者表达你的敬意。
Why is marking up a book
(8)indispensable to reading?First, it keeps you
awake.(And I don't mean
merely
conscious;I mean wide awake.) In the second place,
reading, if it is active, is thinking, and
thinking tends to express itself in
words, spoken or marked book is usually the
thought-
through y, writing helps you
remember the thought you had, or the thoughts the
author
me develop these three points.
为什么标记一本书对阅读是不可或缺的？首先，它让你保持清醒。
(
我不仅仅指意识；我是
说完全清醒。第二，阅读，如果是积
极的，就是思考，思考倾向于用语言来表达，无论是口
头的还是书面的。标记的书通常是
经过深思熟虑的书。最后，写作帮助你记住你的想法，或
者作者表达的想法。让我阐述这
三点。
If reading is to
accomplish anything more than passing time, it
must be can't let your
eyes glide
across the lines of a book and (7)come up with an
understanding of what you have
an
ordinary piece of light fiction like, say, Gone
with the Wind, doesn't require the most
active kind of books you read for
pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and
nothing is a great book rich in ideas
and beauty, (8)a book that raises and tries to
answer
great fundamental questions,
demands the most active reading of which you are
when
you've finished reading a book,
the pages are filled with your notes, you know
that you have read
actively.
如果阅读不仅仅是为了消磨时间，它还必须是积极的。你不能让你的眼睛滑过一本书的线条，
< br>然后理解你所读的内容。现在，像《飘》这样一部普通的轻松小说，不需要最活跃的阅读。
你为了娱乐而阅读的书可以在放松的状态下阅读，没有什么会丢失。但是一本富含思想和美
感的伟大的书，一本提出并试图回答伟大的基本问题的书，需要你能阅读的最积极的阅读。
如果当你读完一本书，书页上堆满了你的笔记，你就知道你已经积极地阅读了。
But, you may ask, why is writing
necessary?Well, the physical act of writing, with
your own hand,
brings words and
sentences more sharply before your mind and
preserves them better in your
set down
your reaction to important words and sentences you
have read, and the
questions they have
raised in your mind, is to preserve those
reactions and sharpen those questions.
但是，你可能会问，为什么写作是必要的？嗯，用你自己的手书写的物理行为，会让单词和
句子更清晰地呈现在你的脑海中，并更好地保存在你的记忆中。写下你对你读过的重要单词
和句子的反应，以及它们在你脑海中提出的问题，就是保留这些反应，并强化这些问题。
Even if you wrote on a scratch pad,
and threw the paper away when you had finished
writing,
(9)your grasp of the book
would be you don't have to throw the paper
margins
(top and bottom, as well as
side), the end papers, the very space between the
lines, are all
available.(10)They
aren't , best of all, your marks and notes become
an (9)integral part
of the book and
stay there can pick up the book the following
week or year, and there
are all your
points of agreement, disagreement, doubt, and 's
like (10)resuming an
interrupted
conversation with the advantage of being able to
pick up where you left off.
即使你写在便笺簿上，写
完后把纸扔掉，你对这本书的把握也会更大。但是你不必把纸扔掉。
页边距
(
顶部和底部，以及侧面
)
、底纸、行间距都是可用的。
(10)
它们不是神圣的。最棒的
是，你的分数和笔记成为这本书不可或缺的一部分，并永远留在那里。你可以在接下来的
一
周或一年拿起这本书，里面有你所有的同意、不同意、怀疑和询问的观点。这就像
(10)
继续
一个被打断的对话，优势是能
够从你中断的地方继续下去。
And that is
exactly what reading a book should be: a
conversation between you and the
author.(11)Presumably he knows more
about the subject than you do;naturally, you'll
have the
proper (12)humility as you
approach don't let anybody tell you that a reader
is supposed to
be (13)solely on the
receiving tanding is a two-way operation;learning
doesn't
(11)consist in being an empty
(14) learner had to question himself and question
the
even has to argue with the
teacher, once he understands what the teacher is
saying.(12)And marking a book is
literally an expression of your differences or
agreements of
opinion, with the author.
这正是阅读一本书应该做的
:
你和作者
之间的对话。
(11)
大概他比你更了解这个主题；自然，
当你接近他时，你会有适当的谦逊。但是不要让任何人告诉你，读者应该是唯一的接受者。<
/p>
理解是双向操作；学习不在于成为一个空容器。学习者必须质疑自己，质疑老师。一旦他明
白老师在说什么，他甚至不得不和老师争论。
(12)
给一本书做标记实际上是表达你与作者的
不同或一致意见。
By Mortimer J. Adler
作
者
:
莫蒂默
·
阿德勒
Words and phrases: (
点击文中红色单词或词组
,
出现该红色部分及<
/p>
e.g.
字样
,
再单击
e.g.
,
出现例
句
)
单词和短语
: (
点击文中红色单词或
词组
,
出现该红色部分及例如字样
,<
/p>
再单击例如，出现例句
)
(1)
contend: v. argue or state that something is true
(1)
争辩，争辩
:v
.
争辩或陈述某事是真实的
e.g.
Some astronomers contend that the universe may be
younger than previously thought.
一些天文学家认为宇宙可能比以前认为的要年轻。
I contend that financial markets always
present a distorted picture of reality.
我认为金融市场总是扭曲现实。
(2) bluntly: adv. speaking in a direct
honest way that sometimes upsets people
坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，
坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，坦率地说，
< br>坦率地说，坦率地
e.g. To put it
bluntly, she's not up to the job.
坦率地说，她不胜任这项工作。
His brother is a forthright person and
always talks bluntly.
他的兄弟是一个直率的人，总是直言不讳。
(3) mutilation: n. an injury that
deprives somebody of a limb or other important
body part
(3)
伤残
:n
.
使某人失去肢体或身体其他重要部分的伤害
e.g. Social services say they are
investigating one case of self mutilation in the
city.
社会服务机构表示，他们正在调查该市一起自残案件。
Many people suffered death or
mutilation as a result of the bomb attacks.
炸弹袭击造成许多人死亡或伤残。
(4) prelude: n. if an event is a
prelude to a more important event, it happens just
before it and makes
people expect it
如果一个事件是一个更重要事件的前奏，它就发生在它之前，让人们期待它
< br>
e.g. Were the American economy to
slow sharply, that could be the prelude to a
crash.
如果美国经济大幅放缓，那可能是崩盘的前奏。
The story of that forced march has long
been taught around the world as a brutal prelude
to the acts
of terror.
那次被迫游
行的故事作为恐怖行动的残酷前奏，早已在世界各地广为流传。
(5) dilapidated: a. in deplorable
condition, which is of decay or partial ruin by
neglect or misuse
(5)
破旧的
:a
.
条件恶劣，由于疏忽或误用而腐烂或部分毁坏
e.g. The garden is dilapidated through
years of neglect.
由于多年的忽视，这个花园已经破败不堪。
The buildings in these pictures are
ruined and dilapidated.
这些照片中的建筑都被毁坏了。
(6) intact: a. not broken, damaged, or
spoiled
(6)
完好无损
:a
.
未破损、损坏或损坏
e.g.
Some construction workers directed them to a part
of town where some houses were intact.
一些建筑工人把他们带到了城镇的一个地方，那里有些房子完好无损。
The cells survived intact and there
were very few, small aero gel fragments generated
in the process.
细胞完好无损地存活下来，并且在此过程中产生了非
常少的空气凝胶碎片。
(7) unblemished:
a. without marks or damage
(7)
无瑕疵
:a
.
无标记或损坏
e.g. She
is proud of her smooth unblemished skin.
她为自己光滑无瑕的皮肤感到自豪。
The reputation of the industry was
unblemished and allegations of wrongdoing were
considered
preposterous.
该行业的声誉是清白的，对不当行为的指控被认为是荒谬的。
(8) indispensable: a. essential,
someone or something that is so important or
useful that it is
impossible to manage
without them
必不可少的，必不可少的；必不可少的；不可少的
e.g. These days, the dish has become
almost indispensable at wedding banquets,
festivals and
family celebrations.
如今，这道菜几乎已经成为婚宴、节日和家庭庆典中不可或缺的一道菜。
Mobile phones have become an
indispensable part of our lives.
手机已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
(9) integral: a. forming a necessary
part of something
构成某物的必要部分
e.g. Greek banks are totally secure, as
an integral part of the European banking system.
作为欧洲银行体系的一个组成部分，希腊银行是完全安全的。
He still recognizes it as an integral
part of today's dance between the sexes.
他仍然认为这是当今男女舞蹈不可分割的一部分。
(10) resume: v. start doing something
again after stopping or being interrupted
(10)
恢复
:v
.
在停止或被打断后，重新开始做某事
e.g. Jane will resume serving dinner
when the couple returns this autumn.
当这对夫妇今年秋天回来时，简将继续供应晚餐。
They demand an end to all construction
before peace talks can resume.
他们要求在和谈恢复之前停止所有建设。
(11) presumably: adv. used to say that
one thinks something is probably true
(
11)
推测地，推测地，推测地用来表示某人认为某事可能是真的
e.g. It's raining, which presumably
means that your football match will be cancelled.
下雨了，这大概意味着你的足球比赛将被取消。
Presumably the markets can manage to
hold on until then.
想必市场能够坚持到那时。
(12)
humility: n. the quality of not being too proud
about yourself
—
use this to
show approval
谦逊
:
不为自己太骄傲的品质
——
用这个来表示认可
< br>
e.g. I say this not boastfully but
in all humility.
我说这话不是自吹自擂，而是非常谦卑。
He said Peter can
他说，彼得可以
“
以谦逊和真诚的态度对待这件事
”
，人们会倾听。
(13) solely:
adv. not involving anything or anyone else
不涉及任何事情或任何人
e.g.
Scholarships are given solely on the basis of
financial need.
奖学金的发放完全是基于经济需要。
The impact of a repeal of the act would
not be solely financial.
废除该法案的影响不仅仅是财务方面的。
(14) receptacle: n. a container for
putting things in
容器；贮藏器；贮藏器
e.g. The wine bottle was a safe
receptacle for my message.
酒瓶是我传递信息的安全容器。
Officials have said they would consider
bringing in an outside container to store the
water if a
suitable receptacle can be
found.
官员们表示，如果能找到合适的容器，他们会考虑引进一个外部容器来储
存水。
Notes (
点击文中蓝色
字体
,
出现该内容
,
< br>再点击
,
出现下面的注释内容
)
注释
(
点击文中蓝色字体
,
出现该内容
,
再点击
,
出现下面的注释内容
)
(1) in the most important sense
(1)
在最重要的意义上
in the most important meaning of the
word
在这个词最重要的意义上
Sense here means
这里的意思是
“
几个意思中的任何一个
”
。
For example:
例如
:
In the
figurative sense, my fingers are all thumbs and I
really can't play the piano.
从比喻的意义上说，我的手指都是拇指，我真的不会弹钢琴。
You do not know the real meaning of the
word in its full sense until you have mastered all
possible
uses of it.
直到你掌握了这个词所有可能的用法，你才知道它的真正含义。
(2) I am arguing that books, too, must
be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any
good.
我认为书籍也必须被你的血液吸收，才能对你有所帮助。
absorb
—
here,
take in and make it part of verb absorb is used
figuratively.
吸收
——
在这里，吸收并让它成为你自己的一部分。动词吸收用于比喻。
Cf.: be absorbed in
—
be engrossed in, be wholly
engaged absorbed is an -ed participle
used as an adjective.
全神贯注，全
神贯注。这里吸收的是用作形容词的
ed
分词。
For example:
例如
:
When a book-
lover enters a bookshop, he will soon be absorbed
in some book or other, totally
unaware
of his surroundings.
当一个爱书的人走进书店时，他会很快被
某本书或其他书吸引，完全不知道他周围的环境。
do
somebody good
—
improve
somebody's health, mind, behaviour
对某人有
益
——
改善某人的健康、精神、行为
For example:
例如
:
Jogging every day will do you a world
of good.
每天慢跑对你大有好处。
Smoking does not do anybody any good.
吸烟对任何人都没有好处。
(3)
is restrained by a false respect for their
physical appearance
(3)
受到对其外表的虚假尊重的限制
is kept from reading them because he
has a false respect for their outward look
因为他不尊重他们的外表
their
physical appearance
—
referring to the binding and typography of the
books
它们的外观
——
指书籍的
装订和排版
(4) so to speak
可以这么说
one might
say;if I may use this expression;if I may say it
in this way;as it were
有人可能会说
:
如果我可以用这个表达；如果我可以这样说；可以说
For example:
例如
:
Ten years after the devastating
earthquake in Tangshan, a new and robust city has
emerged, so to
speak, from the debris,
with 18 million square metres of construction
already completed.
唐山大地震
10
年后，一座新的、充满活力的城市从废墟中崛起，
1800
万平方米的建筑已经
完工。
The first performance in China of the
English version of the Beijing opera The Phoenix
Returns to
Its Nest by Hawaii
University's Drama Department is a big stride, so
to speak, towards adapting the
Western
mind to the traditional Chinese opera.
夏威夷大学戏剧系首次在中国演出英文版的京剧《凤凰涅槃》
，可以说是在让西方人的思
维
适应中国传统戏剧方面迈出了一大步。
(5) score
(5)
得分
a written copy of a piece of music
especially for a large group of performers
一段音乐的书面副本，特别是为一大群表演者准备的
(6) gets in the way
(6)
妨碍
makes it difficult for something to
happen
让一些事情很难发生
For example:
例如
:
While we were eagerly carrying on our
project, the lack of fund got in the way, and we
had to
suspend it at least for the time
being.
当我们急切地进行我们的项目时，资金的缺乏妨碍了我们，我们不得不至
少暂时中止它。
(7) come up with an
understanding
(7)
达成共识
develop or produce an interpretation
发展或产生一种解释
come up
with
—
think of (a plan, an
answer, a reply);produce
想出
—
—
想出
(
一个计划、一个答案、一个答
复
)
；生产
For example:
例如
:
No matter what difficult questions the
teacher may ask, Tom can always come up with a
satisfactory
answer.
不管老师问什么难题，汤姆总能给出满意的答案。
Working under an ingenious leader who
always encourages creativity in young people, all
the
members of this group have been
coming up with better and better ideas in clothes
design.
在一个总是鼓励年轻人创造性的有独创性的领导下工作，这个小组的所
有成员都在服装设计
方面提出了越来越好的想法。
(8) a book that raises and tries to
answer great fundamental questions
(8)<
/p>
提出并试图回答重大基本问题的书
a
book that provides much food for thought
一本书提供了很多值得思考的东西
(9) your grasp of the book
你对这本书的理解
your
understanding of the book
你对这本书的理解
Grasp
has different meanings in different contexts.
把握在不同的语境中有不同的含义。
For example:
例如
:
Try to have a thorough grasp
(understanding) of the book.
试着透彻理解这本书。
That
is really a problem beyond my grasp
(understanding).
那确实是一个我无法理解的问题。
The mother kept the little boy's hand
in her grasp (firm hold).
母亲紧紧抓住小男孩的手。
Beth
seems to be in the grasp of (under the control of)
the sorceress.
贝丝似乎在女巫的控制之下。
(10) They aren't sacred.
(10)
它们不是神圣的。
They do not have to be treated with
great respect or can be used for making notes
on.
他们不必受到极大的尊重或尊敬。它们可以用来做笔记。
“
它们
”
指的是页边
距、尾纸和行间
的空间。
(11)
consist in
(11)
包括
have its essential feature in
有其基本特征
For
example:
例如
:
She
thinks that true happiness consists in dedicating
herself to her work.
她认为真正的幸福在于献身于自己的工作。
Cf.: consist of
—
be made up of
由
…
组成
For example:
例如
:
The machine consists of many essential
parts;with even one little screw missing, it will
not work.
这台机器由许多重要部件组成；即使少了一颗螺丝钉，它也不会工
作。
(12) And marking a book
is literally an expression of ...
(12)<
/p>
给一本书做标记实际上是一种表达
...
And writing notes in a book expresses
exactly ...
在书上写笔记准确地表达了
...
Literally may mean
expression.
字面上的意思可能是
“
完全如陈述所述
”
，正如在
上面的句子中所使用的，或者它可能赋予一
个表达以力量。
For example:
例如
:
He literally exploded with anger at her
accusing finger.
他对她指责的手指怒不可遏。
Comments on the Text
对文本的评论
A typical
piece of argumentation:
一个典型的论证
:
The
writer makes his intention plain at the very
beginning: to argue that writing between the lines
is
an efficient way of reading.
作者一开始就表明了他的意图
:
认为字里行间写作是一
种有效的阅读方式。
Like many pieces
of argumentative writing, this essay can be
divided into three parts
—
the
introduction, the body, and the
conclusion:
像许多议论文一样，这篇文章可以分为三个部分
——
引言、正文和结论
:
The introduction (Para.1)
—
The first paragraph of the
essay is a skilful writer puts
forward
his argument directly
—
most efficient kind of reading.
< br>导言
(
第
10
< br>段
)
。这篇文章的第一段是一个巧妙的开始。作者直接提
出了他的论点
——“
除非
你在字里行间
写作，否则你不可能做最有效的阅读。
”
The body (Paras.2
–
10)
—
The body of the essay
consists of four parts, in which the writer
develops his argument by citing
examples and illustrations, making comparisons,
giving personal
opinions, and appealing
to common knowledge.
正文
(
第
106-107
段
)
。
2-10)
——
文章正文由四个部分组成，作者通过引用例子和插图、进行
比较、给出个人观点和诉
诸常识来发展自己的论点。
The conclusion
(Para.11)
—
Marking up a
book is an expression of the reader's agreements
or
differences of opinion with the
serves as a convincing ending.
结论
(
第
10
段
)
。
11)
——
标记一本书是读者与作者意见一致或不同的表达。这是一个令人信
服的结局。
Methods that the writer
uses to make his argument convincing:
作者用来使他的论点令人信服的方法
:
makes clear from the very beginning
what is to be proved and he handles the argument
fully
by trying to convince the reader
why he should write between the lines as well as
read between the
a beginning attracts
the reader's attention and interest and draws him
into the essay
immediately.
1.
他从一开始就说明了什么是需要证明的，并试图说服读者为什么他应该言外之意，也
应该
言外之意来处理这个论点。这样的开始吸引了读者的注意力和兴趣，并立即吸引他进
入文章。
writer uses the
inductive approach in his essay
—
he argues from actually
groups
facts and examples together,
along with personal opinions, specific
illustrations, similes;and appeals
to
common groupings are, however, not forced, but
sound natural enough to be
readily
form, his inductive argument is somewhat like the
method of paragraph
development in
which the subject of the paragraph is supported by
instances.
2.
作者在文章中使用了归纳的方法<
/p>
——
他从事实出发进行论证。他实际上将事实和例子，以
及个人观点、具体的插图、明喻组合在一起；并诉诸常识。然而，这些分组不是强制的，而
是听起来足够自然，容易被接受。在形式上，他的归纳论点有点像段落发展的方法，其中段
落的主题是由实例支持的。
al
linkage within a paragraph is made by connecting
words, and some sentences are closely
tied to what precedes them.
3.
段落内部的联系是通过连接单词来实现的，有些句子和它们前面的句子紧密相连。<
/p>
essay is informal in c you
is used throughout and the connectives but and and
are
frequently used to begin
vocabulary is simple and the length and structure
of
sentences do not vary a sense of
evenness is achieved.
4.
这篇文章
的语气不正式。通称
you
贯穿于和连接词中，但和经常用于开
始句子。词汇很简
单，句子的长度和结构变化不大。因此获得了一种均匀感。
writer also makes full use of
the rhetorical device of
writer poses
his paragraph subject by asking the reader a
question and then develops
the subject
by answering the question himself.
5.
作者还充分利用
“
问答
”
的修辞手法来开始一段。作者通过问读者一个问题来提出他的段落
主题，然后通过自己回答问题来发展主题。
Exercises
练习
the following questions.
A.
回答下列问题。
(
先单击出现黑色问题
,
后单击出现蓝色答案和红色错误原因
)
（先单击出现黑色问题
,
后单击出现蓝色答案和红色错误原因
)
the writer says
completely different things.
1.
当作者说
“
言外之意
”
和
“
言外之意
”
时，他指的是两种完全不同的东西。
F
F
In order to
get the most out of any book and to absorb it
fully, we must write between the lines as
well as read between the this sense,
the two phrases are complementary to each other. <
/p>
为了从任何一本书中获得最大的收益并充分吸收它，我们必须言外之意，言外之意。从这个
意义上说，这两个短语是相辅相成的。
long as you want to make a book a part
of yourself, you must write between the lines no
matter
whose book it is.
2.<
/p>
只要你想让一本书成为你自己的一部分，不管是谁的书，你都必须字里行间。
F
F
The
writer talks about marking a book on condition
that it is your own borrowed from
a
friend or the library, or textbooks kept on
reserve in universities, should not be marked.
作者谈到在一本书是你自己的情况下给它做标记。从朋友或图书馆借的书，或大学保留的教
科书，不应该做标记。
the
writer's opinion, writing in a book shows that the
reader is reading actively, whereas if a
reader keeps the book intact and
unstained, he has not read it at all.
3
.
在作者看来，在一本书里写作表明读者正在积极阅读，而如果一个读者保持这本书完整
无
缺，他根本没有读过。
T
T
a book is like consuming
a beefsteak.
4.
买书就像吃牛排。
F
F
Once you
have bought a book, you become its true owner only
when you have made it a part of
writer
makes a comparison between reading a book and
consuming a beef steak in
order to
explain what
一旦你买了一本书，只有当你把它变成自己的一部分时，你
才是它的真正主人。为了解释什
么是
“
完全的
”
、
“
真正的
”
所有权，作者将读书和吃牛排进行了比较。
you want to show respect for
the writer, you must mark up a book no matter what
its physical
appearance is like.
5.
如果你想表示对作者的尊重，你必须给一本书做标记，不管它的外表是什
么样的。
F
F
If it is a first edition of a famous
writer's masterpiece or an elegantly bound
edition, for example, it
is not
advisable to mark it up.
举例来说，如果这是一个著名作
家的杰作的第一版或者是一个精美的装订版本，不建议对它
进行标记。
< br>
writer is strongly against the
third kind of book owners because of their
terrible reading
habits.
6.<
/p>
作者强烈反对第三种书商，因为他们糟糕的阅读习惯。
F
F
According to
the writer, the more notes you have made in a book
and the
appearance gets, the better you
have absorbed the book.
根据作者的说法，你在一本书上做
的笔记越多，它的外观越
“
糟糕
”
，你就越能更好地吸收这
本书。
soul of any book can be separated from
its body.
7.
任何一本书的灵魂都可以从它的身体
中分离出来。
F
F
The writer says that the soul is the
content of a book while the body is its binding
and typography,
so they are beauty of
a rare edition or of a magnificently bound book,
however, is
inseparable from its
beauty is just like the beauty of a painting or a
statue, whose body and
soul cannot be
separated.
作者说灵魂是一本书的内容，而身体是它的装帧和版式，所以它
们是可分离的。然而，一部
珍本或一本装帧精美的书的美丽是与其灵魂分不开的。它的美
就像一幅画或一尊雕像的美，
它们的身体和灵魂是不可分割的。
you restrain yourself from marking up
Gone with the Wind, it shows that you have no
respect
for the writer.
8.
如果你克制自己不去标记《乱世佳人》
，这表明你不尊重作者。
F
F
Gone with the Wind is a piece of light
fiction meant for enjoyment, amusement and
you do not read it actively, you lose
writer has the same opinion as Francis Bacon, the
seventeenth-century English
philosopher, who says:
swallowed, and
some few to be chewed and digested ...
books to be read for their rich ideas need
diligence and careful it
is for a
special purpose, you do not have to make detailed
notes in Gone with the Wind.
《飘》是一部轻松的小
说，旨在享受、娱乐和放松。如果你不积极阅读，你什么也不会失去。
作者与
17
世纪英国哲学家弗朗西斯
·
< br>培根观点相同，他说
:“
有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可
以吞咽，有些书可以咀嚼消化
……”
不
同种类的书需要不同的方法。只有思想丰富的书籍才
需要勤奋和认真的关注。除非是为了
特殊的目的，你不必在《乱世佳人》中做详细的注释。
9.A
clean book shows that the owner had not read it
efficiently.
9.
一本干净的书表明主人没有有
效地阅读它。
F
F
We cannot draw this conclusion so
rashly because the writer tells us that if a book
is, say, a beautiful
first edition, it
is a combination of body and soul, and he would
not scribble in it.A clean book may
be
such a book.
我们不能如此轻率地得出这个结论，因为作者告诉我们，如
果一本书是，比方说，一个美丽
的第一版，它是身体和灵魂的结合，他不会在里面乱涂乱
画。一本干净的书可能就是这样一
本书。
g a book is, so to speak, communication
between the reader and the author.
10.<
/p>
可以说，读书是读者和作者之间的交流。
T
T
t on this
statement.
B.
请对这一说法发表评论。
The way to read a book as recommended
by the writer is excellent.
作者推荐的读书方法非常好。
(
先单击出现黑色问题
,
后单击出现蓝色部分答案
)
（先单击
出现黑色问题
,
后单击出现蓝色部分答案
)
Reference version:
参考版本
:
When the
writer emphasizes the importance of marking up a
book, he is referring to one's own
books that are worth careful reading or
the case of these books, we should try to
understand
both the main ideas and the
specific details, so as to make judgments, react
emotionally, analytically
or
critically, recognize the author's hidden purpose
or prejudices, make an overall evaluation,
comprehend precisely what is being
said, and make comments on his style, diction and
/ or
short, it is an excellent method
of intensive reading.
当作者强调给一本书做标记的重要性时
，他指的是自己那些值得仔细阅读或研究的书。就这
些书而言，我们应该努力理解主要思
想和具体细节，以便作出判断，在情感上、分析上或批
判上作出反应，认识作者隐藏的目
的或偏见，作出全面的评价，准确理解正在说的话，并对
他的风格、措辞和
/
或思想作出评论。简而言之，这是一种极好的精读方法。
< br>
Consider the following points:
考虑以下几点
:
1) A
person adopting one reading method cannot read
very much, so he cannot achieve as much as
those who employ multiple reading
techniques.
1)
一个采用一种阅读方法的人不能
读太多，所以他不能达到那些采用多种阅读方法的人的水
平。
Nowadays a reader has to read various
newspapers, magazines and periodicals in order to
keep up
with what is happening around
him, to become better informed, and to gain a
broad understanding
of a particular mes
when a person is reviewing, or doing research, or
writing a paper, or
seeking specific
information for some specific purpose, he must
have another kind of reading skill
to
help him find answers to specific purposes of
reading vary, so must the reading
methods degree of concentration, the
speed, the amount of attention paid to details and
the
amount of note-taking will all vary
with the reader's purpose.
如今，读者必须阅读各种报
纸、杂志和期刊，以便跟上身边发生的事情，获得更好的信息，
并对某一特定主题有更广
泛的理解。有时候，当一个人在复习、做研究、写论文或为某个特
定目的寻找特定信息时
，他必须有另一种阅读技巧来帮助他找到特定问题的答案。由于阅读
的目的不同，阅读方
法也必然不同。注意力的集中程度、速度、对细节的关注程度以及记笔
记的数量都会随着
读者的目的而变化。
2) It is necessary
to cultivate good reading ling all over a book or
making it dog-eared
is not considered
good reading habits by most people.
2)<
/p>
培养良好的阅读习惯是必要的。大多数人不认为在书上乱涂乱画或把它翻过来是好的阅读<
/p>
习惯。
3) Good
readers usually respect those who keep their books
and respect for books are
generally
considered to be a good reader's way recommended
by the writer can probably
best be
described as a
3)
好的读者通常尊重那些保
持书籍干净的人。爱和尊重书籍通常被认为是一个好读者的职责。
作者推荐的方式可能最
好被描述为
“
少数派观点
”
。
n the following
sentences in your own words.
C.
用你自己的话解释下列句子。
(
先单击出现黑色问题
,
后单击出现蓝色部分答案
)
（先单击
出现黑色问题
,
后单击出现蓝色部分答案
)
1.I contend, quite bluntly, that
marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but
of love.
1.
我直截了当地认为，给一本书做标记不
是一种伤害行为，而是一种爱。
I argue
plainly that making marks in a book is not
something done to spoil it but to show its worth
and value.
我明白地认为，在一本书上做标记不是
为了破坏它，而是为了显示它的价值和价值。
this
act of purchase is only the prelude to possession.
2.
但是这种购买行为只是占有的前奏。
Getting the book by payment is merely
a preparatory step on the way to ownership.
通过付款获得这本书仅仅是走向所有权的一个预备步骤。
ownership comes only when you have
made it a part of yourself.
3.
只有当你把它变成你自己的一部分时，你才能拥有完全的所有权。
Only when you have fully absorbed it
can you say that you own the book completely.
只有当你完全吸收了它，你才能说你完全拥有这本书。
third has a few books or many
—
every one of them dog-
eared and dilapidated, shaken and
loosened by continual use, marked and
scribbled in from front to back.
4.
第三本书有几本或很多本
——
每本都是翻卷的、
破旧的、不断使用后会摇晃、变松的，从
前面到后面都有标记和涂鸦。
< br>
The third kind of book owners
possess only a few or many books, but every one of
them is worn,
with the corners of the
leaves folded over, and has become less tightly
bound because of constant
are marks
and informally written notes in each book from
cover to cover.
第三种书的主人只有几本或几本书，但每本都已经破
旧不堪，书页的角都折了起来，由于经
常使用，装订也变得不那么紧密了。每本书从头到
尾都有标记和非正式的笔记。
5.I'd no more
scribble all over a first edition of Paradise Lost
than I'd give my baby a set of crayons
and an original Rembrandt!
5
.
我不会在第一版《失乐园》上乱涂乱画，就像我不会给我的孩子一套蜡笔和一幅伦勃朗
的
原作一样！
I would
never mark pages of a first edition copy of
Paradise Lost, just as I would not give my baby
a set of coloured pencils and a
painting by Rembrandt in the original.
我永远不会在《失乐园》的第一版上做标记，就像我不会给我的孩子一套彩色铅笔和一幅伦
勃朗的原作一样。
your respect for
magnificent binding or typography gets in the way,
buy yourself a cheap
edition and pay
your respects to the author.
6.
< br>如果你对华丽的装帧或版式的尊重妨碍了你，给自己买一个便宜的版本，并向作者表达你
< br>的敬意。
If the elaborate
cover, style of printing or layout prevent you
from marking up a book, then you'd
better buy a cheap edition in which you
can show your respect to the writer (i.e., by
writing notes in
it).
如果精心制作
的封面、印刷风格或版式妨碍了你给一本书做标记，那么你最好买一个便宜的
版本，在其
中你可以向作者表达你的敬意
(
即在其中写下注释
)
。
physical
act of writing, with your hand, brings words and
sentences more sharply before your
mind
and preserves them better in your memory.
< br>7.
用你的手书写的物理行为，让单词和句子更清晰地呈现在你的脑海中，并更好
地保存在你
的记忆中。
If you
write notes in the book yourself, the words and
sentences will stand out more distinctly in
your mind and last longer in your
memory.
如果你自己在书中写笔记，这些单词和句子会在你的脑海中更加清晰，
在你的记忆中持续更
长时间。
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