-
2019
年中考真题英语分项汇
编
（一）
【
2019
?
江西省中考】
Everyone
faces challenges in their life, but some are more
important than others. Daniel Kish had serious
problems with his eyes when he was
born. And doctors took away both of his eyes
before he was fourteen months
old.
Soon after,
however, he started to do an amazing thing. He
started to make clicking(
咔塔
)
sounds with his
tongue
（舌头）
to help him move around. Much like a
bat(
蝙幅
), he now moves about
using sonar(
声呐
). He is
so good at it that he can ride a
bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access
for the Blind, teach others how to
use
sonar. In this interview with National Geographic,
Kish explains how the process works.
How does sonar work?
＂
When I make a clicking
sound, it makes sound waves. These waves
reflect(
反射
) off surfaces all
around
and return to my ears. My brain
then processes the sounds into
images(
图像
). It’s like having
a conversation with
the environment
When you click, what do you see in your
mind?
direction.
＂
What is it like riding a
bike using sonar?
＂
It’s
exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of
focus. I click up to two times per second,, much
more than I
usually
do.
＂
Is it
dangerous to move around the world in this way?
everything, but I never
broke a bone(
骨头
) as a
kid.
＂
How
challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?
＂
Many students
are surprised how quickly results come.
Seeing isn’t in the eyes, it’ s in the
mind.
＂
1.
What’s the main idea of Paragraph
2?
A. Kish explains how sonar works.
B. Kish teaches people how to use
sonar.
C. Kish started to move around
using sonar.
D. Kish is good at riding
a bicycle in traffic.
2. How does sonar
work? Choose the right order.
a. The sound waves reflect
off surfaces.
b. The person makes a clicking sound.
c. The brain
makes images with the sounds.
d. The sound waves reach the persons
ears.
A. b-a-c-d
B. b-d-a-c
C. a-b-d-c
D. b-a-d-c
3. What can we know about Kish from the
passage?
A. He always challenges
himself bravely.
B. He lives in fear of
things that he imagines.
C. He became
blind when he was 14 years old.
D. He
broke his bone when climbing as a child.
4. What would be the best title for the
passage?
A. How Sonar Works.
B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar.
C. Seeing with the Mind.
D.
How the Blind Move Around.
【文章大意】文章介绍了
Daniel Kish
因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用
舌头发出咔塔声
来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程是怎么工作的，舌头
发
出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。
1. C
【解析】
段落大意
题。
根据
He started to make
clicking(
咔塔
) sounds with his
tongue
舌头
) to help him move
around. Much like a
bat(
蝙幅
), he now moves about
using sonar(
声呐
).
不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔
声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一
段主要讲诉
Kish
开始用声呐走动；故
选
C
。
2. D
【解析】顺序排列题。根据
I
make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. hese
waves reflect(
反射
) off
surfaces all around and return to my
ears. My brain then processes the sounds into imag
es(
图像
).
可知声
呐工作的顺序是发出咔嗒声，
声音从表面反射回来，
到达人的耳朵，
大脑把声音制成图像；
故选
D
。
3. A
【解析】
细节理解题。
根据
Muc
h of the world lives in fear of things that we
mostly imagine I have a habit
of climbing anything and
everything, but I never broke a bone
(
骨头
) as a kid.
他没有
生活在想象的恐惧
中，也没伤到骨头，根据
And
doctors took away both of his eyes before he was
fourteen months old.
可
知是
14
个月，不是
14
岁；
根据文章内容，可知他总是勇敢地挑战自己；故选
A
。
4.
C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章介绍了
Daniel Kis
h
因为严重的眼睛疾病，医生摘除了他的眼球，不
久后，他就用
舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，他解释了这个过程
是怎么
工作的，舌头发出的声音反射回到耳朵，然后大脑大脑加工成图像，就像和环境对话，不
是用眼睛看，而是用大脑看。可知这段的最好题目是＂用大脑看＂；故选
C
。
【点睛】
短文阅读，做题时要结合文章的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解< /p>
文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们
要抓住里面
的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关
键。例如：小题
1
段落
大意题。根据
He
started to make clicking(
咔塔
)
sounds with his tongue
舌头
) to
help him move around. Much
like a
bat(
蝙幅
), he now moves about
using sonar(
声呐
).
不久后，他就用舌头发出咔塔声来帮助他走路，就
像蝙蝠一样，用声呐来走动，可知这一
段主要讲诉
Kish
开始用声呐走动；故选
C
。
（二）
【
2019
?
天津市中考】
There
are
many
ways
to
help
improve
your
health
like
eating
healthy
food.
Taking
exercise
and
getting
medical help. But
the easiest and cheapest way to improve your
health is just to sleep eight hours or more every
night. The general sleeping rule is
that the younger you are, the longer sleep you
need. But regardless
of(
不管
)age,
some
people need to sleep more while for some a few
hours is enough.
The problem with sleep
is that more and more people in the world are not
sleeping enough. According to the
World
Health Organization over half the people in the
world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not
only
makes people feel tired but also
causes accidents. In the United States alone,
sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000
traffic accidents a year. Also sleep
problems can cause medical problems such as high
blood pressure(
血压
).
Why are so many people sleep-deprived?
Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the
American culture, people
put a higher
value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who
sleep a lot are usually seen as
＂
lazy
＂
. Also, you
can sometimes hear some people
say proudly that they don’t have much
time to sleep. they only sleep four or five
hours a night. It seems that the less
you sleep, the more work you’ll do.
How do we teach these people to learn
the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the
advice of Dr. James
Maas an
expert(
专家
) in sleep. He says
,
＂
Sleep is like a credit
(
信用卡
) card. When you sleep
less. you are only
borrowing time. You
always have to pay it back. The more
hours you don’t sleep, the more hours
you should t
sleep to ‘pay back’ the
hours on your ‘sleepcredit
card.’
＂
For those who value work
more than sleep, they should listen to what a
famous person once said.
＂
Don’t
think you
will be doing less work because you sleep during
the night. That is a
foolish(
愚蠢的
) idea which is
held
by people who have no imagination.
You will be able to do
more.
＂
5.
According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest
way to improve health is to
.
A. eat healthy food every day
B. take excrcisc as much as possible
C. get medical help whenever necessary
D. sleep eight hours or more every
night
6. What does
＂
slecep-
deprived
＂
mean in
Paragraph 2?
A. Having a good sleep.
C. Having less sleep.
B.
Excited about sleep.
D. Interested in
sleep.
7. According to Dr. James Maas,
what is sleep like?
A. An hour.
C. A credit card.
B. A
report.
D. A piece of paper.
8. What do the words of the famous
person mean in Paragragh 5?
A. Sleeping
during the night is foolish.
B.
Sleeping during the night is helpful.
C. People have no courage.
D. People always do less work.
9. What is the best title of the
pa
ssage’?
A. The
Value of Sleep
B. The Value of Study
C. The Ways of Eating Less
D. The Ways of Making Money
【文章大意】本文介绍了睡眠的价值。文章介绍了有很多方法可以帮助改善你的健康，但改善健康
的最简单和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡
8
个小时或更长
时间。世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足
不仅使人感到疲劳，而且还会造成事故。
文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我们如何教这些人学习睡眠
的价值？睡眠专家告诉我们
：
＂睡眠就像信用卡。
当你睡眠不足时。
你只是在借用时间。
你总是要还钱。
你不睡觉的时间越多，＂
偿还＂你＂睡眠信用卡＂上的时间就越多。＂一位名人曾经说过：＂不要以为
你会因为晚
上睡觉而减少工作。这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂
5. D
【解析】
细节理解题。
根据
But the easiest and cheapest
way to improve your health is just to sleep eight
hours
or more
every night.
可知，
但改善健康的最简单和最便
宜的方法就是每晚只睡
8
个小时或更长时间。
< br>故选
D
。
6. C
【解析】词意猜测题。
A.
Having a good sleep.
睡得好；
B.
Excited about sleep.
对睡眠感到兴奋。
C.
Having
less sleep.
睡眠不足；
D.
Interested in sleep.
对睡眠感兴趣。句子
According to the
World
Health Organization over half the
people in the world may be sleep-deprived.
根据世界卫生组织的数
据，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此
sleep-deprived
的意思是：睡眠不足。故选
C
。
7.
C
【解析】细节理解题。
A. An
hour.
一个小时；
B. A
report.
一份报告；
C. A credit
card.
一张信用卡；
D. A
piece of
paper.
一张纸。根据
Sleep is like a
credit (
信用卡
) card.
可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故选
C
。
8.
B
【解析】细节理解题。句子＂
Don’t think
you will be doing less work because you sleep
during the night.
That is a
foolish(
愚蠢的
) idea which is
held by people who have no imagination. You will
be able to do
more.
＂
＂不要以为你会因为晚上睡觉而减少工作。
这是一个没有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。<
/p>
你可
以做得更多。＂这句话充分说明了晚上睡觉是有帮助的。故选
B
。
9.
A
A. The Value of
Sleep
睡眠的价值；
B. The Value of
Study
学习的价值；
C. The Ways
【解析】
推理判断题。
of
Eating Less
少吃的方法；
D. The Ways
of Making Money
赚钱的方式。
根据
There are many ways to
help
improve your health like eating healthy food.
Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the
easiest and cheapest way to improve
your health is just to sleep eight hours or more
every night.
有很多
方法可以帮助改善你的健康
，比如吃健康食品。进行锻炼并获得医疗帮助。但改善健康的最简单
和最便宜的方法就是
每晚只睡
8
个小时或更长时间。
和句子
How do we teach these people to learn
the
value of sleep?
我们如何教这些人
学习睡眠的价值？可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠的价值。因此最好
的题目是
The Value of Sleep.
故选
A
。
【点睛】
词义猜测题是阅读理解中常
见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是
人称代词的指代内
容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的
分析
和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：
(1)
利用上下文语境。猜测任
何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上
下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
(2)
利用定义或解释性的线索。阅
读文章中的有些生
词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义
较容易
(3)
利用文章的逻辑关系<
/p>
答题。
如并列、
对比、
< br>因果、
转折关系等。
这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词
或短语表达出来，
如
but,
or,
however, so, because
等。
(4)
利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大
词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。第
2
小题的词义猜测题就是
利用第
1
种解题方法。
（三）
【
2019
?
江苏省苏州市】
Every day
there is less and less space on Earth for rubbish.
Yet every day we make more and more rubbish.
What can we do?
We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling
means that the rubbish will be made into
something that can be used again.
Recycling helps Earth. And it saves
space in rubbish dumps. Half of everything that we
put into landfills
could be recycled
instead. In fact, most things made of paper,
metal, glass and plastic can be recycled.
Paper can be broken into small pieces
and made into new paper. Steel and aluminum
cans
（金属雄）
can be
melted
down
（熔化）
and made into new
cans. The same is true of glass bottles. This can
be done over and over
again. Recycling
doesn’t take as much energy as making these things
the first time. So we can use less of Earth’s
fuel resources.
Plastic can
be melted down, too. Then it can be formed into
park benches, playgrounds and so on. Some
people call plastic the
outside in the weather. No wood can do
that!
10. The underlined
word
A. bench factories
C.
green mountains
B. places for rubbish
D. recycling centres
11.
According to the passage, what happens last to the
can?
A. The can is put into a recycling
bin.
C. A steel can gets filled with
corn.
12. What is the main idea of the
passage?
A. Cans should be melted down.
B. Old newspapers can be reused.
C. We can build benches that last 400
years.
D. We should recycle everything
that we can.
【文章大意】本文关注的是地球污染问题，呼吁人们对垃圾
进行回收再利用，保护地球。
10. B
【解析】
题意：
第
2
段下划线的单词＂
landfills
＂意思可能是
_____________
。
考查词
义理解。
put into
B. The can is
melted down and reused.
D. A person
uses the corn in the can.
投入
/
倾倒；根据上文
And it saves space in rubbish
dumps.
和下文
could be recycled i
nstead.
可
知
landfill
s
是填埋垃圾的地方，
places for rubbish
符合句意，故选
B
。
< br>
11. B
【解析】
题意：<
/p>
根据这篇文章，
罐子最后发生了什么
?<
/p>
考查细节推断。
根据
Steel and
aluminum cans can
be melted down and
made into new cans.
可知可以熔化制成新罐，故选
B
。
12. D
【解析】题意：这篇文章的主旨是什么
?
考查主旨
理解。
A.
罐头应该熔化。
B. <
/p>
旧报纸可以重复使
用。
C.
我们可以建造使用
400
年的长椅。
D.
我们应该回收我们能回收的一切。根据开头
We
can
recycle some of our rubbish.
Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into
something that can be
used again.
可知短文介绍的是垃圾的回收再利用，故选
D
。
（四）
【
2019
?
浙江省宁波市】
Big
data(
数据
) is a lot of sets of
information that are put together so they can be
used by a computer program.
The
computer program looks for different kinds of
answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have
different
kinds
of
information
from
many
sources,
such
as
information
that
comes
from
schools,
social
media
sites,
companies and governments. One set of
data can have people’s names and addresses.
Another set c
an have what
they like, where they go to school, and
how much time they spend on the computer
Big data can be used in many ways. The
government uses it to understand how many people
travel on buses or
trains. This
information is then used to make bus or train
systems better. Some schools use big data to
understand
which children may need
extra help in class. The teacher can then give
certain students more help or support so
those students can succeed in school.
Companies use big data, too. It helps them
understand who buys their
products. For
example, one company uses weather data to see when
people eat the most ice cream.
Big data
can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use
big data to predict if a baby who is born too
early
will get sick. The hospital can
then take extra steps to take care of that baby so
he or she does not get sick. Big data
can also be used for bad reasons. It
can be used to predict which kinds of people are
likely to break the law or hurt
others,
even if they have not done anything wrong.
How can big data be used for good and
bad things? It is because the computer programs
used to look at big
data and understand
it are written by people. People think a certain
way. Because they think a certain way, they
build a model of those ideas. These
ideas are then used to look at the data.
Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for
people or businesses. Other times, bad
ideas can cause problems for certain groups of
people.
13. This reading is about
_____________.
A. what big data is and
how it is used
B. what schools and
hospitals people like
C. where important data is collected
and stored
D. how big data is
controlled by governments and companies
14. One company uses weather
information to _____________.
A. help
children in need
B. know when people
will visit the hospital
C. find out who
tides the bus or train
D. understand
when people will need ice cream
15. The
main idea of Paragraph 3 is _____________.
A. big data can be used for good
reasons
B. we can use big data in a
number of ways
C. big data can be used
for both good and bad reasons
D. we can
use big data to prevent babies from getting sick
16. The overall
tone(
总基调
) of this reading is
_____________.
A. sad and personal
C. informative but silly
B.
personal and scientific
D. scientific
and informative
【文章大意】你了解大数据吗？大数据就是将很多信
息放在一起，可以供计算机程序使用。短文中
列举了很多使用大数据的方式，既有好的一
些方面，也有不好的。
13.
A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段的开头
Big
data(
数据
) is a lot of sets of
information that are put
together so
they can be used by a computer
program.
和第二段的开头
Big data can
be used in many ways
可知，这篇短文给我们讲述了＂什么是大数
据＂以及＂大数据的使用＂，故
A
选项最符合文意，
选
A
。
14.
D
【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后一句话
For
example, one company uses weather data to see
when people eat the most ice cream.
可知，某公司使用天气数据来查看人们什么时候吃的冰淇淋最
多。由此可
知应选
D
。
15. C
【解析】
细节理解题。
根据这一段的开头
Big data can be used
for good reasons.
以及第四句话
Big
data
can also be used for bad reasons.<
/p>
可知，这一段中介绍了大数据用于好的一面以及不好的一面，并各
自举例说明。故
C
选项符合文意。
16. D
【解析】
推理判断题。
这篇短文给我们介绍了什么是大数据以及大数据的使用方式，
整篇文
章科学、
客观，并使用了许多例子进行解释，使读者更容易理解。因此整篇文章的基调是
科学而又具有教
育性的，故应选
D
。<
/p>
（五）
【
2019
?
四川省乐山市】
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