-
?
法律英语典型句型的翻译
?
1. OTHERWISE
?
2. SUBJECT TO
?
3. WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO
?
4. WHERE
?
5. ANY PERSON WHO DOES...
SHALL ...
?
6. FOR THE
PURPOSE(S) OF
...
?
7. PROVIDED THAT ...
?
8. NOTWITHSTANDING ...
?
9. SA
VE.../
EXCEPT (FOR)...
?
10. IN
RESPECT OF…
ISE
?
Otherwise
在法律英语中的用法:
?
跟
unless
引导的句子(让步状语从句)连用
;
?
置放在连词
or
之后使用;
?
与
than
一起,通常用来否定句子的主语。
例
1 OTHERWISE
?
In
this
Ordinance,
unless
the
context
otherwise
requires,
means
a
territory
or
group
of
territories having its own law of
nationality. (Laws of Hong Kong, Cap.30, Wills
Ordinance, Art. 2)
?
在本条例中﹐除文意另有所指外
, “
国家
”
指拥有本身国籍法的领域或一组领域。
< br>
例
2 OTHERWISE
?
A notice under subjection
(1) shall, unless it otherwise provides, apply to
the income from any
property specified
therein as it applies to the property itself.
?
根据第(
1
)款发出的通知书﹐除其中另有订定外﹐亦适用于通知书内指明的财产的收入
﹐一如适用
于该项财产本身。
例
3 OTHERWISE
Any
person
who
by
threats,
persuasion
or
otherwise
induces
a
witness
or
a
party
not
to
give
evidence in any hearing before the
Board commits an offence.
?
p>
任何人籍恐吓﹑怂恿或以其它手段诱使证人或一方当事人不在仲裁处聆讯中作证﹐即属犯
p>
罪。
例
4
OTHERWISE
?
If 2 or more
persons are defendants to a claim, as partners or
otherwise, a process may be served on
any
of
them
and
an
award
may
be
obtained
and
execution
issued
against
any
person
so
served
notwithstanding that
any other persons jointly liable may not have been
served or been a party or may
not be
within the jurisdiction of the Board.
?
如有<
/p>
2
名或以上的人以合伙人或其它身分而属同一宗申索的被告人﹐法
律程序文件可送
达予其中任何一人﹐而判定该收件人败诉的裁定可由申索人获得﹐执行程
序亦可向该受件人进
行﹐即使任何其它共同有责的人可能未获得送达法律程序文件﹐或不
属当事人﹐或不在仲裁处
的司法管辖权范围内﹐均无例外。
例
5
OTHERWISE
?
No will or any part thereof
shall be revoked otherwise than --
?
(a) by marriage as provided
by section 13; or
?
(b)
by another will executed in accordance with
section 5; or
?
(c) by a
written revocation executed in the manner in which
the will was executed; or
?
(d)
by the burning, tearing or otherwise destroying of
it by the testator, or by some person
in his presence and by his direction,
with the intention of revoking it.
?
除籍以下方式外﹐任何遗嘱的全部或任何部分﹐均不得撤销
--
?
(a)
根据第
13
条的规定籍缔结婚姻而撤销﹔或
?
(b)
籍按照第
5
条签立的另一份遗嘱而撤销﹔或
?
(c)
籍依照签立遗嘱方式签立的遗
嘱撤销书而撤销﹔或
?
(d)
由立遗嘱人﹑或由其它人在立遗嘱人面前并依其指示﹐将遗嘱烧毁﹑撕毁或以其
它方法毁灭﹐而其意愿是撤销该遗嘱。
T TO
?
该短语在法律英文中一般都跟
“agreement”, “section”, “contract”
等法律文件名或文件中特定条
款名配合使用。
<
/p>
?
通常可翻译成
“
以
……
为条件
”
、
“
根据
……
规定
”
、
“
在符合
………
的情况下
”
、
“
除
……
另有规
定外
”
以及
“
在不抵触
……
下<
/p>
”
等。
例
6
SUBJECT TO
Subject
to
this
section,
an
appeal
shall
be
brought
in
such
manner
and
shall
be
subject
to
such
conditions as are prescribed by rules
made under subsection (5).
?
在符合本条的规定下
,
上诉须按根据
(5)
款订
立的规则内订明的方式提出
,
并须受该规则所订明
的条件规限。
例
7
SUBJECT TO
?
Subject to subsection (3),
the Board shall have jurisdiction to inquire into,
hear and determine the
claims specified
in the Schedule.
?
除第(
3
)款另有规定外﹐仲裁
处具备查讯﹑聆讯及裁决附表内指明的申索的司法管辖权。
3. WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO
?
这个英文法律短语的功能相当于普通英文中的
“without
p>
affecting”
。与上一节
“sub
ject
to...”
的句
法结构相
同,跟在
“without prejudice to”
这个
短语之后的通常是一个指代某项法律条款的名词。
但对有关事物或条款的规限程度,没有
前者那么强硬。前者规限的程度是必须
“
符合
< br>”
或
“
依照
”
有关条款或规定,
后者指不要影响或损害其规限的事物。
在汉语中,
其意思相当于
“
在不损害
……
的原则下
”
、
“
在不影响
……
的情况下
”
、
“……
不受影响
”
、
“
不妨碍
……”
、以及
“
不规限
……”
等等。
例
8
WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO
?
Without prejudice to
section 24, the following shall be treated as
properly executed ...
?
在不影响第
24
条规
定的原则下﹐以下的遗嘱须视为正式签立
……
例
9
WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO
?
Without prejudice to the
rights of the Attorney General every complainant
or informant shall be
at liberty to
conduct the complaint or information respectively
and to have the witnesses examined and
cross-examined by him or by counsel on
his behalf.
?
在不损害律政司权利的原则下﹐每名申诉人或告发人可进行其
申诉或告发﹐并亲自或由
代表律师讯问及盘问证人。
4. WHERE
?
在普通英文中,用
where
引导的状语从句,一般为地点状语从句。但在法律英文中,
where
引导的是法律条款中的条件状语从句,相当于
“in the case where”
。在香港,其最典型的译法是
“
凡
......” or “
如
…..”
。
例如:
例
10
WHERE
Where
a
defendant
is
fined
and
the
same
is
not
forthwith
paid,
the
magistrate
may
order
the
defendant to be searched.
?
凡被告
人被判处罚款﹐但没有随即缴付罚款﹐裁判官可命令搜查被告人。
例
11
WHERE
?
Where a claimant has a
claim which exceeds the monetary amount mentioned
in the Schedule
and
which,
but
for
the
excess,
would
be
within
the
jurisdiction
of
the
Board,
the
claimant
may
abandon
the
excess,
and
thereupon
the
Board
shall
have
jurisdiction
to
inquire
into,
hear
and
determine the claim.
?
如只因申索人的申索超逾附表所述
的款额﹐以致该申索超逾仲裁处的司法管辖权范围﹐则申
索人可放弃追讨超额的款项﹐而
在此情况下﹐仲裁处有查讯﹑聆讯及裁决该宗申索的司法管辖
权。
5 .ANY PERSON WHO DOES...
SHALL ...
?
在法律条例中,尤其是在各地的刑法条
例中
(
或类似性质的条例
)
,
“any person who does… shall
be guilty of
an offence”
这种句型重复率相当高,
因为法律的主要功能是界定何种行为属于违法以
及应受到怎样的处罚,而这个句型是其中一个最简明、直接的表达方式。在句法上,这个
句型
通常会把主语和谓语用逗号分开,中间加插一个定语修饰词。
?
以下是典型的例句及其若干变种:
?
例
12
?
Any person who,
without lawful authority or reasonable excuse,
while having dealings of any kind
with
any other public body, offers any advantage to any
public servant employed by that public body,
shall be guilty of an offence.
?
任何人与其它公共机构进行任何事务往来时﹐无合法权限或合
理辩解而向受雇于该公共
机构的公职人员提供任何利益﹐即属犯罪。
?
例
13
?
A
person
shall
not,
by
reason
only
of
his
being
an
executor
of
a
will,
be
incompetent
to
be
admitted a witness to prove the
execution of such will, or a witness to prove the
validity or invalidity
thereof.
?
任何人不会仅因为身为遗嘱执行人﹐而没有资格获接受为见证
人以证明遗嘱的签立﹐或
证明该遗嘱具备或不具备效力。
?
例
14
?
At
the hearing of a complaint or information, a party
may be represented by counsel; and an
absent party so represented shall be
deemed not to be absent.
?
在申诉或告发案聆讯时﹐任何一方
均可由代表律师代表;
某一方如有律师代表﹐即使缺席
﹐亦不当
作缺席。
6 .FOR THE
PURPOSE(S) OF
...
?
在大部分情况下,普通辞典里
“
为
... ...
目的
”
这一解释并不适合法律英语中的
“for
the
purpose(s)
of.
..”
?
如果紧跟这个短语的是某个法律条款的指代编号
(如章、<
/p>
条、
款、
节等)
,
首选的译文是
“
就
< br>(有
关)章、条、款、节而言
”
,其次才是
“
为了实施该(条法例)
”
。
?
倘若原英文中的
“for the
purpose(s) of...”
与
“
章、条、款、节等
”
无关,而该短语又可以用
“for”
或
“in order to”
去取代(这种用法在法律英文中属于少数)
,则可译成
< br>“
为了
”
。
例
15-16
FOR THE
PURPOSE(S) OF
...
?
例
15
?
For the purposes of
subsection (2),
?
就第
(2)
款而言─
,
“
土地
”(land)
并不包括无体可继承产;
?
例
16
?
For the purposes of
subsection (3) permission shall be in writing and
--
?
就第(
3
)款而言﹐许可须为书面形式﹐并且--
例
17
FOR THE
PURPOSE(S) OF
...
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