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《BBC.地平线.2013.大数据时代》完整中英文对照剧本

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-15 15:39
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2021年2月15日发(作者:长颈鹿的英语)


洛杉






非凡的


实验


正在





In Los Angeles, a remarkable experiment is under way.


面向




要 不然



你戴上手



Face the wall, face the wall before I put you in handcuffs.


警方想在犯罪


生前便做出


预测



The police are trying to predict crime before it even happens.






们预


先知道< /p>



It actually gives us a forecast about


未来十二小



内最可能



生犯罪的区域



where crime is most likely to happen in the next 12 hours.




敦金融城



In the City of London,


一位科学家出身的商人



this scientist-turned-trader


相信他找到了运用数学



believes he's found the secret of

< p>


入万


贯钱财


的秘




making millions, with maths.


数据



用的 潜能无可限




&he arts;


The potential to do things with data is fantastic,


无可限


&heart s;




fantastic.


在南非



And in South Africa,



位天文学家



this star-gazer






聆听每一



恒星的信




♥♥


has set out to catalogue the entire cosmos,




整个宇宙



制星表



by listening to every single star.




些不同





♥< /p>




起来的



What unites these different worlds


正是日益激增的数据



is an explosion in data.


数据量 非常





而且在不断





The volume of it, the dynamic nature of the data


它正在改



着我< /p>



的生活方式



is changing how we live our lives.



咖啡



< p>



咖啡






咖啡





咖啡





全球



量百分比



巴西



越南



印度尼西









埃塞俄比





去几年




In just the last few years,






造出 的数据



we've produced more data


已超




类历


史中的数据





than in all of human history.


美分每磅



美分每磅



美分每磅



世界咖啡价格



































本片中





将跟随



些数据挖掘者



In this film, we follow the people who are mining this data.


数据即将成< /p>



21






大的



It's set to become one of the greatest sources of power


南十字座


α



南十字座


β



南十字座


δ



南十字座


γ



一种力量



in the 21st century.


地平


线



大数据





清晨六点



6am,


洛杉




Los Angeles.


福德希



警局的



班开始了


The start of shift in the Foothill division.


在洛城警局



Officer Steve Nunes,


已有

< p>
12


年警



的史蒂夫


·


努涅斯警




a 12-year-veteran of the LAPD,

< br>和他的搭档丹尼


·


弗雷





去巡




and his partner Danny Fraser head out to patrol.






洛杉



市中心以北



Right now, we're north of Los Angeles,



费尔


南多谷地区



downtown Los Angeles, in the San Fernando Valley area.

< br>他





区是洛城治安最差的街区之一



Their beat is one of LA's toughest neighbourhoods.


这< /p>


个区有




飞车





飞车抢




There's a lot of BFMVs, burglary from motor vehicles.


很多



劫案



There's a lot of robberies,



有很多帮派和



毒活




there's a lot of gang and narcotic activity over here.


有很多人


贩卖


♥♥


毒 品



There's a lot of people selling drugs.



个地区的黑帮叫

< p>


男孩帮



The gang that's in this area are called the Project Boys.


是个西班牙裔帮派



They're a Hispanic gang.


尽管他


们经验

< p>
丰富



Despite their experience



街区也非常熟悉



and intimate knowledge of the neighbourhood,




今天的巡




today, their patrol


却由一个



算机算法控制



is being controlled by a computer algorithm.


我其



不是很高




You know, I wasn't really too happy about it,


我是名警





you know, specially as a police officer


< br>们


所有的


训练



就是



了干



一行



you know, we kind of go off of what we know from our training.

< br>我





不太高




一部



算机



We weren't too happy about a computer telling us






去哪里





where we need to do our police work


要开往哪片地区



and what area we need to drive around.


史蒂夫和 丹尼正在参与一





性的


实验



Steve and Danny are part of a ground-breaking trial.


运用一个方程



An equation is being used



预测



们执


勤期



哪里会



生犯罪



to predict where crime will occur on their watch.


我看到有人在洗衣店前游




I saw some people hanging out by the laundry,




小洗衣店



like the little laundry.


看到路口了



I can see the corner.








All right, let's stop.


如果


预测


准确



If its predictions are correct,



套系



将在洛城全面推行< /p>



the system will be rolled out across all LA.


-


站住



别动


-


站住



- Hey, stop, yeah, stop. - Stop.


双手抱




Put your hands on your head.





算机算法


And the computer algorithm

将成



史蒂夫日常工作的一部分



will become a routine part of Steve's working life.


双腿





向前看



Spread your feet, face forward.


-


身上有



西



-


别动



- Have anything on you? - Stop moving.


面向




要 不然



你戴上手



Face the wall, face the wall before I put you in handcuffs.


你也是


< /p>


男孩帮



的人


吗< /p>



You a Project Boy too or no?


预测


犯罪的雄心



The ambition to predict crime


生于一次非同



常的合作



was born out of a remarkable collaboration


合作方是洛杉



警局



between the LAPD...


以及加州大学



and the University of California.


杰夫


·





汉< /p>


姆也




Jeff Brantingham might seem


不像一名打



犯罪的斗士



an unlikely crime fighter.






学教授



A professor of anthropology,


他是研究中国偏



地区狩



部落的





he is an expert on remote hunter-gatherer tribes in China,


但是他相信



but he's convinced


从中国偏



地区 到黑帮聚集地洛城



that from remote China to gangland LA,


所有人




为远


比你想象的



all human behaviour is far more predictable


更容易


预测



than you might like to believe.




都以


< br>能控制自己的行




We all like to think that we are in control of everything,



实际


上我



的行



都< /p>



律可循



but in fact all of our behaviour is very regular,


杰夫


·






姆教 授



加利福尼



大学洛杉



分校



模式很固定



往往








very patterned in ways that is often frightening to us.


不法之徒也一




Offenders are no different.




也不断重复地做着相同的事



They do exactly the same things over and over and over again,



们< /p>


的犯罪模式



and their criminal offending patterns


也会从他





律的行




显现


出来



emerge right out of that regularity of their behaviour.


杰夫


认为



Jeff believed


他能在洛杉


警局八十年多年来



he could find repeating patterns of criminal behaviour


一千三百万宗犯罪


记录

< br>中



in the LAPD's vast dataset -


发现


重复的犯罪行



模式



13 million crimes recorded over 80 years.


洛杉



警局



有大量数据



The LAPD have droves and droves of data


记录


着犯罪

< br>发


生的


时间


和地点



about where and when crimes have been occurring.


它包含了



多有挖掘价



的信息



It represents a treasure trove of potential information






了解犯罪的本


质< /p>



for understanding the nature of crime.


洛城警局已开始利用犯罪数据



The LAPD already use their crime data < /p>




< br>♥


出犯罪高



地 点



to identify hotspots of crime,




只能



明某




经发


生犯罪



but that only tells them where crime has already struck.






掌握如何分






上的


标记



We've gotten very good at looking at dots on a map,


肖恩


·



< p>


斯基警



< p>
洛杉




&hearts ;






知道哪里



< p>


犯罪



and where, where crime has occurred


然而


问题


在于



and the problem with that is




你会先入




that, sometimes, you're making an assumption


今天和昨天的情况一




that today is the same as yesterday.


杰夫


·






姆打算


尝试


一个更大胆



Jeff Brantingham planned to do something more radical


更有效的方式



and more useful


那就是


预测


未来



predict the future.


他相信可以利用犯罪数据中的模式



He believed he could use patterns in the crime data


预测


可能


生犯罪的


时间


与地点

< p>


to predict where and when crime was likely to occur.



< p>
一直通



大自然中的


规< /p>


律作出


预测



We've long used the patterns in nature to make predictions.




日落西沉



From the setting sun,


< p>


了解到新的一天何



到 来



we learned when to expect the new day.


月亮阴晴





The phases of the moon allowed us

< p>





预测


潮起潮落



to forecast the ebb and flow of the tides.



过观


察恒星的位置



And from observing the patterns of the stars,




精通了

< p>


航技




we mastered the art of navigation.


然而杰夫


·






姆有更大的野心



But Jeff Brantingham wanted to do something far more ambitious.


他想从


纷杂


的人







He wanted to tease out patterns


找出其中的固定模式



in the apparent chaos of human behaviour,


从洛城警 局



大的


1300

万条犯罪


记录




to uncover them in the LAPD's vast dataset


找到犯罪的





of 13 million past crimes.


你也


许对


哪里


发< /p>


生犯罪有直






到底



You can have gut feelings about the crime, but ultimately,




是得考



运用数学模型



you need to think about working in a mathematical framework.




数学能



你通


过< /p>


数据



Because mathematics gives you the ability to


明白 事件的起因和演


变过




understand exactly why things are happening within the data



是 直



无法做到的



in a way that gut feelings do not.


杰夫需要一位探究模式的



< br>


Jeff needed an expert in pattern detection.





密度



振幅



速度



时间



压强






黏性系数



他找到了同事



He turned to his colleague,


加州大学洛杉



分校的数学家




·


莫勒



UCLA mathematician George Mohler.




数学家



As mathematicians,


< br>们


想了解自己周



的事物



we're interested in understanding what's around you




·


莫勒教授



圣塔克拉拉大学



就比如



so, you know,


往水里扔石子



形成的波浪怎


样传




how do waves propagate if you throw a pebble into the water?


森林里的



木又是如何 分布



The distribution of trees in a forest.


数学模型



So mathematical models


可以帮你了解


这类问题



can help you understand those types of things.



治能通



数学工具



George could use mathematical tools


了解



藏在犯罪数据里的



西



to see what was hidden in the crime data.


其中似乎有些





And there were hints of a pattern in it.


犯罪



生之后



What you see is that after a crime occurs,


风险


增加了



there's an elevated risk


并且< /p>



散到



近区域



and that risk travels to neighbouring regions.




想做的是



So what we wanted to do


建立一个 模型将



点考


虑进



is develop a model to take that into account


警方就可以利用


一信息



so police could maybe use that information


防止犯罪





to prevent those crimes from occurring.


在美国西海岸



一套数学模型已



广泛





He started with a mathematical model that was already being used,



便是他的着手点



right here on the west coast of America.


南加州地震


频发



Southern California is earthquake country.




圣安德烈



斯断




Sitting on the San Andreas Fault,



里平均每年有一万次地震和余震



there's an average of 10,000 earthquakes and after-shocks every year.

1989


年的洛



·


普里埃塔地震



The biggest for 100 years was the Loma Prieta earthquake



·


普里埃塔地震



震中



是百年之最



of 1989.


震中就在




Its epicentre was here,


离加州圣 塔克


鲁兹





just outside Santa Cruz, California.



然没有任何数学模型



There is quite simply no mathematical model



预测


如此



烈的地震



that can predict an earthquake like this one.

但地震




有余震



But after the earthquake come the after-shocks


< p>
就另当


别论




and that's a different matter.

< br>我


们现


在距离震中数百米




So we're several hundred metres from the epicentre.


附近便是洛



·


普里埃塔地震



Nearby was one of the after-shocks


一次余震



生的地点



of the original Loma Prieta earthquake.


大地震



生后



After a large earthquake occurs,


很可能会有另一次地震



接着



there is a probability that another earthquake will follow


在附近





nearby in space and time.




发现



地震学家已找到了



George discovered seismologists had found a pattern

< p>
地震余震的





to earthquake after-shocks


并研究出一套算法



and developed an algorithm



预测


余震集群的位置



to predict these after-shock clusters.



种集群模式在犯罪数据中也很常




These types of clustering patterns are also seen in crime data.


犯罪



生后



So, after a crime occurs,


你会


发现



不久之后在



近地点



you will see an increased likelihood



生新案件的可能性增加了



of future events nearby in space and time.


可以把它



想象成犯罪的



余震



You can think of them as after-shocks of crime.



治和杰夫



George and Jeff



预测


余震的方程



took the equation for predicting earthquake after-shocks


修改成了


预测


犯罪的模型

< br>


and began to adapt it to predict crime.


模型分



几个部分



So the model is broken into several parts,


犯罪的



生率





称之


为< /p>


λ



so the overall rate of crime, which we'll call Lamda,




了特定



空内犯罪的



生率



models the rate of events in space and time.




用希腊字母


μ



We use the Greek letter Myu


代表正



生的 犯罪事件的背景




to represent the background amount of crime that's going on.


λ


的第二个因子是


G


The second component to Lamda is G.


G




一件犯罪事件 后



其他犯罪的分布情况



G models the distribution of crimes following an initial event.


整个式子描述了一种自激 的





This whole term overall describes what we call self-excitation,


即指今天



生的犯罪事件



that a crime that occurs today


实际


上激



了未来犯罪的可能



actually self-excites the possibility of future crimes.


所以


λ


等于


μ


加上


G


对吗



So Lamda equals Myu plus G, is that right?


可以






λ


等于


μ


加上


G


Well, sort of, so Lamda equals Myu plus G


是以数据



中 已有的犯罪


记录为





positioned at all the past events in your dataset.



治和杰夫将在洛杉




头测试


此算法



George and Jeff took their algorithm back to the streets of LA.


当他





史犯罪 数据



入方程中



When they plugged the old crime data into the equation,


得到的


预测



it generated predictions


符合已有的犯罪数据



that fitted what had happened in the past.


但 它是否真能


预测


未来呢



But could it also predict the future? < /p>




开始提供每日犯罪

< br>预




They began to produce daily crime forecasts,



出将有可能



identifying hotspots



生犯罪的高危点



where crime was likely to strike in the future.


-



当十一区




努尼斯


-


收到



- Adam 11, Nunes. -Sir


-


和特恩


-


收到



- Thern. - Sir.


-



当二十三区

< p>



福勒


-


收到



- Adam 23, Fowler. - Sir.


-


和瓦力



-


收到



- Wallier. - Sir.




打开任





Let's go to the mission maps if you would, please.


今天


洛杉







局将

测试这



预测



Today, the LAPD is putting these predictions to the test.


福德希



的警



< p>




The cops in Foothill


均被分配了



46



&hea rts;




大小的区 域



are assigned boxes of just 500 square feet


算法


预测

< br>未来


12



< br>内



那些区域中



where the algorithm predicts crime is most likely to occur


很可能有犯罪





in their 12-hour watch.


今天的


预测

< br>任



包括



Right, predictive mission for today is,




当十一区内的十五个小区域



we've got 15 boxes here to address,




< p>



in Adam 11's area, < /p>


福德希



大街


1 2260




12260 Foothill Boulevard.


他< /p>



将尽可能



繁 地巡


视这


些区域



They're instructed to hit their boxes as often as they can.


奥斯本和福德希



大街



Osborne and Foothill Boulevard.


都了解今天的任






So you've got your mission for the day?



在出




注意安全



So let's go out there, have fun and be safe.


那儿有个凶< /p>



案提示在


闪烁



Yeah, there is a homicide blinking up there.




测试


由坐落于洛杉



市中心的



The trial is monitored at the Real Time Crime Centre


实时


犯罪



控中心


监测



in downtown LA.



们现


在看到的就是



What we're looking at here



< p>




件的


预测结




is the forecast that was produced by the PredPol software.





预测




的中





So if you see on the centre of this map,


有三个几乎相





we've got three nearly contiguous


高危区域



forecast boxes around this area,


和一个



近区域



and then an adjacent one.


这对



员们



说< /p>


是个重要情




So this is good information for the officers.




可以沿着< /p>


谢尔顿


路和周



一些小路



They can go out there, work up and down that street, Sheldon,




地来回巡




and some of those side streets,

< p>



犯罪活


< p>


and look for criminal activity or evidence


或是犯罪



向的迹象



that criminal activity might be afoot.


收到


< br>我







OK, Roger, we'll take it.


史蒂夫和丹尼



命行

< br>动



Steve and Danny have got the word to go.


模型


预测


到他



的巡区内



The model has predicted car crime

< p>



生盗



案件



in a box on their beat.


你猜到怎么回事了吧



You know what the call is right?


五起案子都是破窗而入



The five incidents were macerated.


似乎是一个小孩



Looks like it's a kid.


就是我



昨天抓到那个小孩的地方



Yeah, it's the same address as that kid that we had yesterday.


四个疑犯



男性


...


Suspects four, male...


当他



到达指定高危点




When they reach their assigned hotspot,


发现


了一




&hea rts;






they find a cold- plated car.


牌照与


车辆


不符



The licence plates don't match the vehicle.




要什么就



什么啊



They're getting what they need, huh?


经查证



When they call the number in,





被盗的




it turns out the car's been stolen.



个地区



常上演< /p>



侠盗


猎车




It was an area where there's a lot of GTAs,


很多



猎车




偷车


大盗< /p>



which is




一出




Right out of roll call,




来到


预测


的高危区




right when we got down one of the boxes they went into,

< br>很快就


发现




可疑


车辆



one of the areas they started patrolling,


查证



发现


是被盗


车辆



right away they ran a car and it came back stolen.


在福德希





一算法促使



In Foothill, they found using the algorithm


财产


犯罪下降了


12%


led to a 12% decrease in property crime


入室行窃下降了


26%


and a 26% decrease in burglary.


起初我



不是很看好它



At first I said we weren't big on it, you know,


但是随后



渐渐


地开始注意到



and it came to the point where, little by little,


某些地方的犯罪率的确下降了



you start to see crime in certain areas deteriorate


只因



我< /p>



在那里巡





because of us being in that box for, you know,


十或二十分




甚至只是五分




even ten minutes, twenty minutes, even five minutes.








到卓有 成效



So, we definitely see how it is working.



模型持


更新



加入新的犯罪数据



The model is continuously updated with new crime data,


以求达到更加精准的


预测


效果



helping to make the predictions ever more accurate.


自今年一月以来



This whole year since January,

< br>福德希



地区已在洛杉





Foothill area has been leading the city of Los Angeles


犯罪率下降的排行中称霸多周了



in crime reduction, week to week.


一旦


证实




件的作用之后



So the officers, once it started working,


警局很快就入股了我


们< /p>




< br>♥


then we had buy-in from them




在它已成



了日常巡



的一部分了< /p>



and now it's just a regular course of how they do business.



警系




Predictive policing will be


将会在整个洛杉



市启用



rolled out right across the city of Los Angeles,


并在美国超



15 0


个城市




测试



and is being trialled in over 150 cities across America.



过历


史犯罪数据


预测


犯罪活




And predicting crime from crime data



是数据挖掘 如何改



世界的一个例子



is just one way the data miners are changing our world.


杰夫用于分


&he arts;




洛杉< /p>



警局数据的工具



In fact, the tools that Jeff used to mine the LAPD data


天蝎座



尾宿八



尾宿五



尾宿一



心宿一



键闭





宿三





宿一



实际


上可用于任何数据




can be applied to any data set.


浩淼繁复的宇宙



The vast complexity of the universe...


心宿二



数据



距地球


: 550


光年


170


秒差距



星等


-5.28


绝对


星等




向速度


-3.4


千米每秒







的人

< br>类





the diversity of human behaviour...


世界咖啡价格



美分每磅



美分每磅



美分每磅



































甚至是我



每天自己所



造的数据



...even the data we create ourselves every day.


数据挖掘者


们< /p>


影响着我



生活的方方面面



The data miners are reaching into every area of our lives,


从医


疗业



到广




&heart s;




from medicine to advertising,


到高



金融界



to the world of high finance.



·




斯教授是一名



Professor Phil Beales is a geneticist




数据革命前沿的


遗传


学家



at the forefront of this data revolution.


他今天所用的方法



The methods he uses today


可以追溯到一位于三百年前



can be traced back to an extraordinary man


居住在



敦的非凡人物



living in London 300 years ago.


第一位数据挖掘者




余科学家



The first data miner, the amateur scientist,




·






John Graunt.




特生活的年代





正面




艰难


生存考




Graunt was living through the greatest health threat of his day,


即黑死病



the bubonic plague.


瘟疫的起因至今仍是个迷



Its causes were an utter mystery.

< p>



特开始在教区的死亡


记录


中搜


寻线




Graunt began searching for patterns in the parish death records,


也就是死亡

< p>
统计




known as the Bills of Mortality.


死亡


统计




The Bills of Mortality


基本上就是 随机的一


组组


信息



were essentially random sets of information


菲利浦


·




斯教授




敦大学学院儿童健康研究所



而他将其


归纳


整理



which he brought together and organised


并在其中找到了



< br>


and made sense of that information.




特意


识< /p>




些信息



So Graunt realised that this information



直就是个大宝藏



was essentially a gold mine.




特想知道


是死于瘟疫



Graunt wanted to know who had died of the plague




又是死于其他原因



and who had died of something else.


他将所有的死亡


记录汇编


在一起



He compiled all the death records together.





统计


数据




发现




And this dataset allowed him to see patterns


人没


发现





that no-one else had seen.


自然与政


♥< /p>




< br>观查




敦市民




·


< br>兰


特著



他列出了一系列的死亡原因



He listed a number of the causes of death


并将其


归类


整理



and categorised them in such a way


即便我


们现


在回


过头查




that one can now look back


都能知道当


< br>人



的死因



and see exactly what people died of.


1632


年的病故及意外死亡



比如


38


人死于瘰




For example 38 people had King's Evil,


实际


上就是





核病



which is actually tuberculosis of the neck


或叫做淋巴



核病



or otherwise called scrofula. < /p>


一人因被



狗咬



死亡



One patient was bit with a mad dog,


另有


12


人死于法国花柳病



即梅毒



another 12 had French Pox, which is actually syphilis.


而在瘟疫受害者的数据中



And in the plague deaths,





发现



< p>
藏的





Graunt found a revealing pattern.

< p>



发现颠


覆了当






It overturned an idea that everyone shared at the time




年份下面一行数字代表当年死于瘟疫的人数


< br>对


于疫病起因的



< p>


about what caused the disease. < /p>


他用数据反





He was able to refute


一个当





的看法



the widely-held belief that plague


即瘟疫是由人与人接触而




might have been caused by person-to-person contact,


他同

< br>时


也反




and he was also able to refute the widely-held belief


另一个当



被公




< p>



at that time that plague tended to increase


新国王登基之年常出



瘟疫



during the first year of the reign of a new king.





数据研究得越多



And the more Graunt looked at the data,



发现


了越多



藏的




the more hidden patterns he discovered.




开始从全新的角度





敦城



People started to see the city of London in an entirely new way.


他是首个估算出< /p>



敦人口的人



He was the first to estimate its population.




明了男



的出生率要高于女




He proved more boys were born than girls,


但更高的男性死亡率



but that higher male mortality

< br>很快又使性



比例恢复了平衡



meant the population was soon evenly balanced.


他告



世人可以 通



挖掘数据



He showed that surprising and rather useful ideas


得到惊人而


用的想法



could be mined from data,


只要你用



了方法



if you knew how to examine it.




底改


变< /p>


了人


们对


于信息的





This was a completely new way of looking at the information


并革新了提取有用数据的方法



and from extracting really useful data,


墓葬与洗礼列表



< br>兰


特算得上是此



域的先





so Graunt was essentially a pioneer.




特是


统计


学和流行病 学的奠基人



Graunt was the founding father of statistics and epidemiology,



敦市男女分布列表



乡镇


教区列表



流行病学主要研究疾病的





the study of the patterns, causes


起因与影响



and effects of disease.




些数据



And it's this same power of data





代医学也有极其重要 的价




that has become fantastically valuable in modern medicine.


如今





·




斯教授



Today, Professor Phil Beales


要挖掘新的人



数据< /p>




is mining a new human dataset,


就是构成人



基因


图谱




the three billion bits of genetic information


三十


亿


个基 因位点信息



that make up the human genome.


他在我




DNA




He's searching our DNA



找有助于

< p>


断并治



疾病的


线




for clues to help him diagnose and treat illness.



我来看看你



Let me just take a quick look at you. < /p>


杰克


·


皮克特是他的一位病人

< p>


Jake Pickett is one of his patients.


杰克出生




When... when Jake was born,


没有什么皮




多余的脚趾



there were no extra skin tags or extra toes


或手指什么的




or fingers or anything like that?


手臂上有个皮




I had a skin tag on my arm.


十四年以来



For 14 years,


杰克



受异常症状的困




Jake has lived with an unusual range of symptoms,


包括学



障碍



including learning difficulties,


肥胖症






力不佳



obesity, and poor eyesight.


这边




耳洞




You had an earring in there?


-


是的


-


好的



不是生来就有的



- Yeah. - Oh, OK, you weren't born with that!


他的不明病症



His unidentified condition


令父母和医生



感到困惑



has baffled his parents and doctors.


< p>
几年我



做了很多


检查< /p>



We've had a lot of tests over the years,





当< /p>



的儿科医生






and actually, my paediatrician of the time had said to me,



么一个快






的男孩





什么你


总< /p>




他遭受扎



之苦





我有点害怕


继续


求医



and it made me a bit frightened to keep asking for help,








because then I thought




医生



< p>
认为


是我有


问题



maybe the medics would think there's something wrong with me.


但在杰克出生后的十几年中



But in the course of Jake's lifetime,


医学有了





medicine has changed.


如今





斯教授握有一





Professor Beales now has the tools




能帮杰克和 他家人解开


谜团



that may help Jake and his family unravel this mystery.





< p>
知道



这对


他来



很困




Because they know it's difficult for him.




会从今天的血





As part of the blood test today,


拿出一部分血




we will take some of that


从血液中提取


DNA


and from that blood take the DNA, extract the DNA,


用于做基因


测试



and then we will do the genetic testing on those.


-



们对


此没意




-


没意




- Are you happy with that? - Yeah, yeah.


需要等数周才会有





It will take a few weeks.


对< /p>


特殊病情来




So the key really is to try to nail down the




在于想



法确




如果可以的




diagnosis in this particular situation, if we can.


太好了



OK, that's great.



只是消毒



This is just to clean it.


他将 在杰克的


DNA




He will search Jake's DNA,



找任何微小的基因



异迹象

< p>


hunting for the tiny telltale variations in his genes


那可能是病症的

< br>诱




that may have caused his condition.


不要




Just hold still for me.


每位被分






的患者基因



Every patient whose genes are analysed


会被添加到日益增




DNA


数据





adds to the growing database of DNA.


以此帮助医生



制定新的治



方法



It helps doctors devise new treatments


并确< /p>



以前



以理解 的症状



and identify previously mysterious conditions.


很好




束了



Well done, it's all done. OK?






OK?


也没那么疼嘛



It wasn't that bad.



去的十年里



Over the last ten years,


这项< /p>




已成功揭露了



this technique has successfully revealed



多疾病的基因根源



the genetic basis of many diseases.


这图显


示了覆盖范




We have plotted here the coverage

< p>
而且数



也很低



and then we have the low score.







Could be that one.

< p>



似乎找到了致病基因了






OK, well it looks like we've got our gene then, doesn't it?


-


希望如此


-


好的



- I hope so. - OK.



够鉴别


出疾病



Being able to identify a disease


常常是帮助患者的第一步



is often the first step in helping patients.



于患者来




多年无法确




So patients live with the uncertainty of




生活在不确定性中



a lack of diagnosis for many, many years




不能低估



and we can't underestimate the benefits



断的好



和 重要性



and the importance of having this diagnosis,


所以通


过这 类


的分子学


检测



so through molecular testing such as this,




< br>为


患者做出





we're able to provide those patients




< p>
得到



with a certain level of comfort


某种程度上的安慰



when it comes to a diagnosis,

某种意



上的了断



and, in a sense, closure,


好< /p>





向生活的 下一章


节迈进



so they can move on to the next chapter.


梳理出藏在人



数据



中的





Teasing out the patterns in the human dataset


正在改



着整个医学 界



is transforming medicine.


数据逐





一种



大的商品



Data is becoming a powerful commodity.


一种通往科学





It's leading to scientific insights


与理解人





的新途径



and new ways of understanding human behaviour.


数据同



能令 人致富



And data can also make you rich,


非常富有



very rich.



到通



数据


赚钱



When it comes to making money out of data,




·

< br>哈丁相当擅



此道



David Harding's rather good at it.


三十年前



30 years ago,


他开始将数据分


< br>析



与算法



he set out to bring data analysis and algorithms





敦金融城的交易大




to the trading floors of the City.


以前的交易都是


这样




This is how all trading used to be... < /p>


所有交易都是在




All trading used to be done

< br>人山人海的大



里完成



in rooms full of people like... like this.


个个都在高喊



&hea rts;♥



♥&hearts ;


价格



They are shouting the prices they will buy and sell at,


或是确



交易



they are agreeing the deals.


不断波



的价格



The rises and falls in the prices


就好像此起彼落的声音



are almost like the rises and falls in the noise level.


今天的



敦金属交易所



Today, the London Metals Exchange


是欧洲独一无二的交易




is the only trading pit of its kind in Europe.








而又混乱



Noisy, emotional and chaotic.



于一名< /p>


剑桥


大学


毕业


的 理科生来




To a science graduate from Cambridge,



情景有些令人意外



it came as a bit of a surprise.



刚进


金融城




When I went into the City,




·


哈丁



元盛


资产


管理



始人



我一直

< p>


得那里是





I assumed because it was the world of banking


和高


< br>金融的地




and high finance,




那种地方


应该


会非常理性化



I assumed that it would all be very, very rational


有效率




规则



有条理



and very efficient and very disciplined and well-organised,


犹如我在


剑桥


大学


rather like the body of knowledge


所学的物理和化学的



体系



I had been taught at Cambridge in physics and chemistry.


应该


是有条理


有理







These bodies of knowledge were organised and rational,


然而和我



想的截然不同



and it wasn't at all like I expected.


那里其



有点混乱



But that it was, you know, somewhat chaotic, in a way.






♥♥



♥♥


策略



Buying and selling strategy in those days


基本就靠操



手的本能和直




tended to be governed by instinct and intuition.


看着价格在行情牌上



I watched the prices going up and down


上下浮




on the board up there.


我站在一旁



将数据手工

< p>






I plotted graphs by hand, standing at the edge





过图


表之后



and followed these graphs


我确信



and I became convinced


价格的



跌肯定 有一定





that there was a pattern to the rises and falls in prices.



< p>
·


哈丁想用数学



David Harding wanted to bring mathematics


来解决


难题



to the problem.


他相信如果他有足



的数据



He believed that if he had enough data,


就能


预测


出价格






上一笔



he could predict patterns in the prices and make money.


但当


的主流





But the prevailing wisdom


认为这


是不可能的事



was that this was an impossible task. < /p>


根据金融界的


传统观


< br>


According to the financial orthodoxy,


交易行里的价格




the rises and falls in prices that take place here


是完全随机的



are completely random.








Nobody can ever predict them,


多深


谋远虑



however clever they are


都无人能


预测



or however much foresight they have.



门见


山地




Essentially, cutting to the chase,


基本理念是你无法


战胜





the idea is that you can't beat the market.



敦金属交易所



和所有数据挖掘者一




Like all data miners,


哈丁需要两< /p>


样东


西



Harding needed two things.


数据



大量的数据



Data, a lot of it,


和能从中找出



律的< /p>



算机算法



and computer algorithms to spot the patterns.


二十世



八十年 代中期



In the mid-1980s,



算机被引入



敦金融城< /p>



the introduction of computers to the City





更易掌握价格行情的数据



made data about prices accessible.


哈丁


则须



&hear ts;




工具







些数据



Harding had to develop the tools to analyse it.


在那个





我已




编< /p>


程了



At that stage in my life, I could program a computer!


而我能



程的



Say I could program a computer,


就能



取新交易所的数据



I could read the data from the new exchange,


可以



行数据分





I could conduct analysis of that data < /p>



认为这


些本



是相当基本的事



and that, to me, was rather an elementary thing to do.

< p>
然而我很惊



其他人都没想到




I was surprised that other people hadn't done it first.


我当


时认为



You'd have thought that,



种数十


亿资


金来回流



的地方



where all the millions and billions are all sloshing around,


会有很多理智




明的人



you'd have thought that lots of rational, intelligent people



在做


这类


事情了



would have, you know, done these sorts of things.



·


哈丁在二十年前建立的



家公< /p>





The company David Harding founded 20 years ago,


如今根据数据投


数十


亿





now invests billions of pounds on the basis of data.




建了一个很好的数据




That is a lovely dataset you've created,



此我非常欣




that's why I was waxing rather lyrical.




你能


发现


某种模式



You might just find a pattern!


那是一个很大的数据




And that's... that's a large dataset.



多个交易日的大量股票数据



That's a lot of stocks on a lot of dates.


元盛


资产


管理




里的机会



然后


...


Here, shot here, and the...


如今



金融城里的科学家



不止哈丁一人


Harding is now far from the only scientist in the City.



是他的公





就雇用了



His company alone employs



百个




统训练


的数据挖掘




over 100 scientifically trained data hunters,


从天体物理学家



宇宙学家



from astrophysicists to cosmologists,


到数学家和气象学家



to mathematicians and meteorologists.




被俗称


为宽



[


即金融工程



]


They've become known as quants.


有个笑



提到



Well, there's the joke which is,


二十年后怎么称呼一个



呆子



what do you call a nerd in 20 years' time?


答案是



老板



And the answer is



我想起了比



·


盖茨曾


说过



It reminds me of Bill Gates


他要是生在其他任何





who said at any other point in history


他都会是羊入虎口



he would have been sabre-toothed tiger food.


他建立 的公




&heart s;


基于一个理念



His company is built around the idea


如果



有足



的数据



that if you have enough data < /p>



专业




去分



< br>♥




and the expertise to read it,


就能


发现


无人注意的


趋势






&he arts;


you can spot trends and links that no-one else has noticed.


他和他的分






可以分






He and his analysts can seek out patterns


任何商品



&he arts;♥



♥&heart s;


中的





in anything that is bought and sold.


以咖啡





Take, for example, coffee.





几乎可以肯定



Obviously, they will probably almost certainly


周日< /p>



♥♥


出 的咖啡杯数





sell less coffee on a Sunday.


不是什么



大的


发现



Now that's not a revelation,




在冬天 能



♥♥


出更多咖啡也不足





or that they sell more coffee in winter,




冬天里





更喜


欢< /p>


待在室内



because people are indoors more often in winter,


但有一


门艺术



或是



科学



或技能



but there is an art or a science or a skill


就是运用数据


发现


更多有趣的事



which is using the data to find out more interesting things


我确信如果



我的分






来分




and I'm sure that if my analysts went to work,




能找出的关< /p>




会比


这< /p>


有趣得多



we could find out much more interesting things than that.


咖啡在此








程始于数据



The process begins with data,


首先要收集



collecting any information


任何与咖啡成本有关的信息



that might be relevant to the cost of coffee.


数据看不



听不到< /p>



The data, you can't hear it and you can't see it.


你需要


专门< /p>


的工具来分





You need specialised tools to interrogate


并就相关数据做出


结论



and take decisions about that data


咖啡



咖啡



咖啡



咖啡



咖啡



全球市




全球市





















































-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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