新编临床医学英语

physician

，

obtain

her own consulting pathologist, and review them herself.

她需要与转诊医师进行沟通，获取切片， 请病理学家再次分析，之后自己审查。

She then has to review the chart and the radiographs with a consulting radiologist and decide,

given all the data, how best to

institute

therapy

.

之后，她需要与放 射学家就

X

光和图表进行分析，并根据所有数据制定治疗方案。

This may require

interaction

with the

surgeon

, with the

radiation

oncologist

, and with

additional

specialists with the skills for

exploration

, including various techniques for

interventional radiology or endoscopy.

这或许会需要与外科医生、放射性肿瘤学家、以及掌握介入性放射学或是内窥镜检查技术 的专家进行沟通。

1.a

variety

of

各种各样的

例句：

The department store carries

a

variety

of

leather

shoes.

这家百货商店经售各种皮鞋。

in mind

记住

例句：

Keep in mind

that we are using the

default

package and folders in our example for

illustration

purposes.

3.

intimate

relationship

亲密关系

例句：

God wants us to know him; but he wants an

intimate

relationship

with us, not just a

surface one.

上帝希望我们来感知他的存在；但 是他希望我们之间是一个亲密的关系，而不仅仅是一个表面上的。

well as

和

…

一样

例句：

She can play tennis

as well as

basketball.

她也会打篮球，也会打网球。

第

10

期

13

Having

decided

on

the

course

to

take

,

she

then

has

to

become

the

patient's

advocate

and

interact

with

the

surgeon

,

the

radiation

oncologist

,

or

other

consultants

on

the

patient's

behalf

and

with

the

patient's

best

interests

in

mind

.

决定好治疗方法之后，医 生不得不化身为患者的支持者，并与外科医生、放射肿瘤学家，或者是其他能够代表病患和把

病患的利益放在心中的顾问进行交谈。

It

is

then

necessary

to

spend

time

with

the

patient

to

explain

the

disease

and

what

is

to

be expected

and

with

the

family

to

answer

their

questions

and

as

much

as

possible

to

enlist

them as

allies

for

the

hard

times

to

come

.

之后，医生要对患者解释 病情，对手术的期望，回答家属的问题，并尽自己的最大可能将家属变成自己的同盟，一同度

过难关，这些都是非常有必要的。

Further

,

she

has

to

commit

herself

to

the

long

-

term

< br>

counseling

,

reassurance

,

and

constant

caring

needed

by

a

patient

with

a

chronic

and

possibly

fatal

disease

.

此外，对于身患慢 性病甚至是致命疾病的病患来说，她还要投身到对他们的关心、安慰当中来。

This

physician's

role

is

much

different

from

that

of

a

< /p>

physician

-

technici an

who

performs

a

procedure

and

then

sends

the

patient

back

to

the

doctor

who

will

care

for

the

long

-

term

needs

.

对于技师来说，医生与 其截然不同，技师只是完成流程，之后将病人送到那些关心病患需求的医生手里。

While

technicians' roles

in

this

process

are

often

crucial

,

their

interactions

with

the

patient

are brief

.

而在此流程中，技师所扮演的角色通常也是非常 重要的，他们与病患的沟通是简短的。

The

health

care

manager

,

in

this

case

the

oncologist

,

knits

the

technical

information

Together and

confers

with

her

patient

about

the

best

way

to

proceed

.

在这里作为肿瘤学 家的健康管理者需要将技术信息整合，并将最佳的治疗方案告诉病患。

The

physician

who

takes

responsibility

for

the

total

oversight

of

the

patient's

needs

as

related

to

the

disease

is

the

one

who

really

must

captain

the

ship

and

with

whom

the

patient

needs

a very

special

,

trusting

relationship

.

医生全 权负责照料病人、满足他们与疾病相关的各种需求；医生负责掌控全局，病人也需要与其保持一种十分特殊而又< /p>

相互信任的关系。

ctions with

交流

例句：

Not just in the

contract

but in my

interactions with

them.

不仅仅局限于合同，而是我与他们的相互交流。

ent from

与

…

不同

例句：

Now it is

different from

the past.

现在和过去不同了。

ary to

必要的

例句：

I don't think it

necessary to

rake up their old quarrels.

我认为没有必要再提他们过去吵架的事。

to

致力于

例句：

Other

social

people who have undergraduate or above experience and want to

commit

oneself to

international

legal

affairs later.

本科或本科以上学历，致力于从事国际化法律事务的其他社会人员。

第

11

期

:

HELP WITH SUFFERING

14

帮助遭受病痛的患者

Most chronic diseases involve physical, mental, and emotional suffering to some degree during their

courses.

在患病过程中 ，绝大多数慢性病都会对病患的身心造成一定的痛苦。

Some patients do beautifully because of their own intrinsic personalities, strong wills, or deep

convictions.

许多病患的性格 坚毅，内心坚强，对战胜疾病有着坚定的信心，所以他们能够获胜。

Others have great difficulty and sometimes even the toughest break under the severe suffering of a

chronic illness.

而还有一些病患会遭遇到困难，有时甚至会在极端痛苦的情况下败下阵来。

Physicians must develop skills of interpersonal relationship based on familiarity with all sides of life and

especially with suffering.

基于对生活各个方面的了解，特别是对处理病痛的了 解，医生必须提高与病患交往的技能。

They need to participate in suffering.

他们需要亲身参与到病患的痛苦之中。

They need to be able to relate it to a broad range of experience so that they can deal with an enormous

variety of patients at many different stages of coping with their suffering.

他们需要对病患的痛苦有着更加广泛的理解，这样在不同阶段处 理病患痛苦时，他们就能够应对各种各样的病人。

Students sometimes get a glimpse of this in dealing with patients on inpatient services, but most often

in outpatient clinics where they treat chronic diseases that continue unabated for many years.

在应对住院 病人时，学生有时也会面对这样的状况，但是那些接收慢性病患者的急诊室学生多年来依旧如此。

Often the physician has little specific therapy to offer except a kind touch, a gentle presence, and a

knowing acknowledgement.

除了送上亲切的问候，无微不至的探望外，通常情 况下医生并没有具体的治疗方法。

Students of medicine learn through experience with patients as their own involvement in the practice of

medicine grows through the years.

医学专业学生通过实践来增长知识，同时在这 几年当中，他们的亲身经历也将让他们的行医技术有所提高。

The best physicians are always learning, because each patient teaches something new about the way in

which a particular kind of suffering must be considered and ameliorated.

杰出的医生总是在不断的学习之中，因为医生能够从每名患 者身上学习到新东西，那就是病患的痛苦需要得到关怀和改

善。

In the last two decades, patient support groups have become more numerous and more widely sought by

patients.

在 过去

20

年里，病患对这些组织表示了支持，这些组织在数量上 也不断增加，越来越多的病患也在广泛寻求着组织的

帮助。

Many are now associated with major medical centers.

如今，许多组织已经与一些主要医疗中心相结合。

These groups play a vitally important role in allowing patients to express their concerns and fears and to

hear other patients in similar situations share their concerns and frustrations.

病患能够讲述自己的担心， 忧虑，病患之间能够分享自己相同的痛苦，而这些组织在整个过程中占据着重要地位。

As important as these are, as constructive as they are? and as meaningful as they have become in the

overall care of patients, physicians still must understand the circumstances and the degree of suffering

of each patient.

15

尽管这样的活动对患者的综合治疗很重要、很有建设性、 很有意义，但医生仍需要了解每个患者所处的环境和病痛的程

度。

Each one's needs are unique.

每名患者的需求是不同的。

Merely sharing them does not make them go away, and merely knowing that someone else also carries

burdens does not solve the problem.

而仅仅是分享忧虑并不能驱走病痛，仅仅对同样受此痛苦的人有所了 解并不能解决问题。

The physician must be interactive and supportive

，

even when the ways to change the physical situation

may be sadly limited.

即使这对于改 变病情本身的影响不大，但是医生也必须要与病患进行互动，给予他们支持。

burden

承受负担

例句：

It was simply too heavy and too painful to

carry the burden

of hating millions of people.

仇恨数百万人是一种太过沉重、太过痛苦的负担。

will

坚强的意志

例句：

She had a

strong will

and power of rapid

decision

.

她具有坚强的意志和速决的才能。

on

基于

例句：

The plan of our country is

based on

a rising economy.

我国的计划建立在不断发展的经济的基础上。

ersonal relationship

人际关系

例句：

But fairly quickly, the

interpersonal relationship

becomes more

intimate

and from that

moment the two

potential

lovers may be

defined

as a

?

cyber couple

?.

但很快地，这种人 际关系会变得更为密切，从那一刻起，这两位潜在的情侣就可能被定义为

“

网络夫妇

”

。

第

12

期

HELPING WITH AGING

帮助老年人

The past several decades have seen a

remarkable

increase in the

proportion

of the

population

over 65, over 75, and even over 85 years of age

，

the last being the fastest-growing of all age groups.

在过去几 十年间，

65

岁，

75

岁，甚至是

85

岁以上的老年人口比例明显增加，而< /p>

85

岁以上人口的增长速度最快。

These proportions will continue to increase significantly.

而这一比例仍将会大幅度增长。

Already the average age of the practice

population

in the offices of many general internists

exceeds 70 years.

对于许多内科医生来说，病患的平均年龄也已经超过了

< br>70

岁。

This

demographic

shift

has been accompanied by increasing

awareness

of the general field of

geriatric medicine and

expanding

knowledge of the biologic processes involved in aging.

< br>随着人口结构发生改变，老年医学知识得到普及，衰老的生物学进程被逐步认识。

Projected

population

trends

indicate

that every general internist must become

experienced

in the needs of the geriatric

population

as the aging process involves

essentially

every organ

system.

预计的人口趋势表 明，每名内科医生都必须在治疗老年患者上有足够经验，器官系统也将随之发生老龄化过程。

16

However, there are at least two

，

the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system

，

with

which

essentially

every person reaching the seventh, eighth, and ninth decades of life will

experience trouble to an increasing degree.

但是，神经系统和肌肉骨系统，至少这两个系 统会让每名

70,80

以及

90

岁的老人承受因老年化所带来的痛苦。

Memory loss of some degree is

essentially

universal

in the elderly, although it clearly is more

pronounced

in some than others and may or may not be associated with the true

clinical

syndrome

of Alzheimer's disease.

从某种程度上来说，失忆症会普遍发生在老年人身上，尽管有些人的 症状更为明显，失忆症与老性痴呆的真正临床表现

或许有关，也或许无关。

Memory loss affects the individual's self-

perception

, ability to interact with friends and family,

and ability to

accommodate

to the pressures of our changing world.

失忆 症对个人的自我认知，家人朋友的沟通能力，以及因变化所产生的压力适应程度都构成了影响。

< br>

It can put barriers between the individual and those he or she most needs.

这种病症会让病患的迫切需求和自身产生分歧。

This is true even for the very lucky individual who is able to maintain work activities, friends, and

family as he or she did in his

prime

.

而这对于那些能够像在盛年时期那样维持工作，与家人和朋友进行往来的幸运病患来说，这也一 样会发生在他们身上。

The same situation develops with osteoarthritis, as gait problems, muscle

fatigue

, and

weakness

become more

prevalent

with advancing age.

失忆症会发展成骨关节炎，步伐问题，肌肉疲劳以及虚弱，这些在老年人中更 加普遍。

These

effectively

limit the individual's ability to get away from home and

sustain

a normally

active lifestyle.

这些将限制病患外出，维持积极的生活态度。

Physical difficulties simply

prohibit

him or her from doing the things he or she likes to do.

身体上的障碍仅仅会阻碍病患去做他们喜欢做的事情。

Much of the focus of the general internist, therefore, is to keep the elderly individual as

physically and mentally active and as personally and emotionally interactive with others as possible.

所以 ，内科医生的重中之重就是要让老年病患在身体和心理上保持活跃，让他们尽可能的与他人进行情感上的沟通。< /p>

s system

神经系统

例句：

They now almost

invariably

study the

nervous system

in relationship to one or another

behavior.

人们现在研究神经系统一定会考虑与这种或那种行为的关系。

2.

prohibit

him

禁止

例句：

Bush hopes to go to Alaska to start a new life on the road, Bush let Philip

prohibit

him

from

the mother to do list and is ready to let him try one by one.

布什希望到阿拉斯加去开始新的生活，路上，布什让菲利普把母亲禁止 他做的事一一列出并准备让他逐个尝试。

oskeletal system

肌肉骨系统

例句：

Vitamin D strengthens the bone and

musculoskeletal system.

维生素

D