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2018
年考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】
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2018
年考博英语作文参考范文【五篇】
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01 Schooling
and Education
It
is
commonly
believed
in
United
States
that
school
is
where
people
go
to
get
an
heless
，
it
has
been said
that today children interrupt their education to
go
to
school.
The
distinction
between
schooling
and
education
implied by this
remark is important.
Education
is
much
more
open-ended
and
all-inclusive
than schooling. Education knows no
bounds. It can take place
anywhere
，
whether in the shower or in the
job
，
whether in a
kitchen
or
on
a
tractor.
It
includes
both
the
formal
learning
that takes place in schools and the
whole universe of informal
learning.
The
agents
of
education
can
range
from
a
revered
grandparent
to
the
people
debating
politics
on
the
radio
，
from
a
child
to
a
distinguished
scientist.
Whereas
schooling
has a certain
predictability
，
education quite often produces
surprises.
A
chance
conversation
with
a
stranger
may
lead
a
person
to
discover
how
little
is
known
of
other
religions.
People are
engaged in education from infancy on.
Education
，
then
，
is a very
broad
，
inclusive
term. It is a lifelong
process
，
a
process that starts long before the start of
school
，
and one
that should be an integral part of
one’s entire life.
Schooling
，
on the other
hand
，
is a
specific
，
formalized
process
，
whose general pattern varies little
from one setting
to the next.
Throughout a country
，
children arrive at school at
approximately
the
same
time
，
take
assigned
seats
，
are
taught by an
adult
，
use
similar textbooks
，
do homework
，
take
exams
，
and
so
on.
The
slices
of
reality
that
are
to
be
learned
，
whether they are the alphabet or a
understanding of
the working of
government
，
have
usually been limited by the
boundaries
of
the
subject
being
taught.
For
example
，
high
school students know
that there not likely to find out in their
classes the truth about political
problems in their communities
or what
the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.
There
are definite conditions
surrounding the formalized process of
schooling.
02 The Language of Music
A painter hangs
his or her finished pictures on a
wall
，
and
everyone can see it. A composer writes
a work
，
but no
one
can
hear
it
until
it
is
performed.
Professional
singers
and
players
have
great
responsibilities
，
for
the
composer
is
utterly dependent on
them. A student of music needs as long
and
as
arduous
a
training
to
become
a
performer
as
a
medical
student
needs
to
become
a
doctor.
Most
training
is
concerned
with
technique
，
for
musicians
have
to
have
the
muscular proficiency of
an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers
practice breathing every
day
，
as their
vocal chords would be
inadequate
without
controlled
muscular
support.
String
players practice
moving the fingers of the left
hand up
and down
，
while
drawing the bow to and fro with
the
right arm
—
two entirely
different movements.
Singers and instruments have to be able
to get every note
perfectly in tune.
Pianists are spared this particular
anxiety
，
for the
notes are already there
，
waiting for them
，
and it is the
piano tuner’s
responsibility to tune the instrument for them.
But they have their own difficulties;
the hammers that hit the
string have to
be coaxed not to sound like
percussion
，
and
each overlapping tone has to sound
clear.
This
problem of getting clear texture is one that
confronts
student conductors: they have
to learn to
know every note of
the music and how it should
sound
，
and they
have to aim at
controlling
these
sound
with
fanatical
but
selfless
que
is
of
no
use
unless
it
is
combined
with
musical knowledge and understanding.
Great artists are those
who are so
thoroughly at home in the language of music that
they can enjoy performing works written
in any century.
03 The Definition of
“Price”
Prices determine how resources are to
be used. They are
also
the
means
by
which
products
and
services
that
are
in
limited supply are
rationed among buyers. The price system of
the
United
States
is
a
complex
network
composed
of
the
prices of
all the products bought and sold in the economy as
well
as
those
of
a
myriad
of
services
，
including
labor
，
professional
，
transportation
，
and public-utility services.
The
interrelationships
of
all
these
prices
make
up
the
“system”
of
prices.
The
price
of
any
particular
product
or
service is linked to a
broad
，
complicated system of prices in
which
everything
seems
to
depend
more
or
less
upon
everything else.
If
one
were
to
ask
a
group
of
randomly
selected
individuals to
define “price”，
many would
reply that price is
an
amount
of
money
paid
by
the
buyer
to
the
seller
of
a