-
Unit 1 Pub Talk and the
King
’
s English
1.
And it is an
activity only of human.
And
conversation is an activity which is found only
among human beings
．
2
．
Conversation is
not for making a point.
Conversation is not for persuading
others to accept our idea or point of
view
．
3
．
In fact, the
best conversationalists are those who are prepared
to lose.
In fact
a person who really
enjoys
and is
skilled at
conversation will not
argue
to
win or force
others to
accept his point of view
．
4
．
Bar
friends are not deeply involved in each
other
’
s lives.
People who meet each other
for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate
friends for they are not
deeply
absorbed or engrossed in each
other
’
s
lives
．
5.
…
i
t
could still go ignorantly on…
The conversation could go on without
anybody knowing who was right or
wrong
．
6
．
There are
cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef .
These animals
are called cattle when they are alive and feeding
in the fields
；
but when we
sit down
at the table to eat, we call
their meat beef
．
7. The new ruling class had
built a cultural barrier against him by building
their French against his
own language.
The new ruling class by
using French instead of English made it difficult
for the English to accept
or absorb the
culture of the rulers
．
8
．
English had
come royally into its own.
The English language received proper
recognition and was used by the King once
more
．
9. The phrase has always been used a
little pejoratively and even facetiously by the
lower classes.
The phrase
，
the
King's English
，
has always
been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the
lower
classes
．
The
working people very often make fun of the proper
and formal language of the educated
people
．
10. The rebellion against a cultural
dominance is still there.
There still exists in the working
people
，
as in the early Saxon
peasants
，
a spirit of
opposition to the
cultural authority of
the ruling class
．
11. There is always a great
danger, as Carlyle put it, that
“
words will harden into
things for us.
”
There is always a great danger that we
might forget that words are only symbols and take
them for
things they are supposed to
represent
．
From
409
A
Unit 2 Marrakech
1. The burying-ground is merely a huge
waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-
lot.
The
burying-ground
is
just
a
huge
piece
of
wasteland
full
of
mounds
of
earth
looking
like
a
deserted and abandoned construction
site.
2. All
colonial empires are in reality founded upon that
fact.
All the imperialists
build up their empires by treating the people in
the colonies like animals.
3. They rise out of the earth, they
sweat and starve for a few years, and then they
sink back into the
nameless mounds of
the graveyard.
They are born. Then for a few years
they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and
are buried in
graves without a name,
and nobody notices that they are dead.
4. A carpenter sits cross-
legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs
at lightning speed.
Sitting
with
his
legs
crossed
and
using
a
very
old-fashioned
lathe,
a
carpenter
quickly
gives
a
round shape to the chair-legs he is
making.
5. Instantly, from
the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied
rush of Jews.
Immediately from their dark hole-like
cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out
wildly
excited.
6. …every one of them looks on
a cigarette as a more or less
impossible luxury.
Every one of these poor Jews looked on
the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they
could not
possibly afford.
7. Still, a white skin is
always fairly conspicuous.
However, a white -skinned European is
always quite noticeable.
8. In a tropical landscape one’s eye
takes in everything except the human beings.
If
you take a look at the natural scenery
in a tropical region,
you see
everything but the human
beings.
9. No one would think of
running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.
No one would
think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists
to visit the poor slum areas.
10. …for
nine
-tenths of the people the reality
of life is an endless, back-breaking struggle to
wring a
little food out of an eroded
soil.
Life is
very hard for ninety percent of the people. With
hard backbreaking toil they can produce a
little food on the poor
soil
．
11
．
She accepted
her status as an old woman, that is to say as a
beast of burden.
She took it for granted that as an old
woman she was the lowest in the community, that
she was
only fit for doing heavy work
like an animal
．
From 409
A
12. People with
brown skins are next door to invisible.
People with
brown skins are almost
invisible
．
13
．
Their splendid
bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki
uniforms
…
The
Senegalese
soldiers
were
wearing
ready-made
khaki
uniforms
which
hid
their
beautiful
well-built
bodies
．
14. How long before they turn their
guns in the other direction?
How much longer before they
turn their guns around and attack the colonialist
rulers?
15
．
Every
white man there had this thought stowed somewhere
or other in his mind.
Every white man, had this thought
hidden somewhere or other in his
mind
．
Unit3
Inaugural Address
1. And
yet the same revolutionary belief for which our
forebears fought is still at issue around the
globe...
Our ancestors fought a revolutionary
war to maintain that all men were created equal
and God had
given them certain
unalienable rights which no state or ruler could
take away from them. But today
this
issue has not yet been decided in many countries
around the world.
2. This much we
pledge
—
and more.
This much we promise to do and we
promise to do more.
3. United, there is little we cannot do
in a host of cooperative ventures.
United
and
working
together
we
can
accomplish
a
lot
of
things
in
a
great
number
of
joint
undertakings.
4. …our last
best hope in an age where the instruments of war
have far outpaced the instruments of
peace…
The
UN
is
our
last
and
best
hope
of
survival
in
an
age
where
the
instruments
of
war
have
far
surpassed the instruments of peace.
5.
…to enlarge
the
area in which its writ may run.
We pledge to
help the United Nations enlarge the area in which
its authority and mandate would
continue to be in effect or in force.
6
.
…before the dark powers of destruction
un
leashed by science engulf all
humanity in planned or
accidental self-
destruction.
Before the terrible forces of
destruction, which atomic bombs can now release,
wipe out mankind,
which may be planned
or brought about by an accident.
From
409
A