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使役动词的用法及练习
英语中具有使役意义的动词较多
,<
/p>
跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念
.
通常我们说
使役动词
,
指的是
make,
have,
let
这三个动词
,
它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省
去
不定式符号
to
的特定用法
.
但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些
,<
/p>
用法也较灵活
,
现
将其分类叙述如下
,
以饷读者
.(<
/p>
注:英语动词意义丰富
,
在此仅限于“使
役”意义
.)
1
使役动词
have, let, make
(常用于复合结构)
1.1
have
的用法
1). have
+
宾语
+
省
t
o
不定式:表示主语“要”
“使”
“让
”宾语干某事
,
宾语和宾补之间
是一种
主动关系
.
而且还可以与情态动词
wi
ll, would
连用
,
不用于被动
结构
.
The rich lady had the
singer eat with his servants.
I will
have him come and help you.
2). have+
p>
宾语
+
现在分词:
表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中
,
宾语和宾补<
/p>
是一种主动关系
.
亦可转化为“劝说
p>
,
鼓励”宾语干某事
.
The two cheats had the lights burning
all night long.
He had us waiting for
him three hours yesterday.
I have them
all talking to each other in English.
我鼓励他们用英语交谈
.
3).
have
+
宾语
+
过去分词:表示主语的主观意志
,
即主语让别人为自己完成某事
,
宾语和
宾补是动宾关系
.
还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事
p>
.
Tom said he had had his TV
set repaired.
Tom had his wallet stolen
on the bus yesterday.
“别人”在句中一般不出现
,
这是它与结构
1
)的区
别所在
.
试比较:
Have you washed your clothes?
你洗了衣服了吗
?
(自己洗)
Have you had your clothes washed?
你叫人洗了衣服了吗
?
(别人洗)
4). have+
宾语
+
形容词
/
副词
/
介词短语作宾补
Please
have your tickets ready.
The Emperor
had nothing on.
I am sure
I
’
ll have him in the
argument.
1.2let
的用法
1). let +
宾语
+
省
to
不定式:表示主语“要”
< br>“使”
“让”宾语干某事
,
宾语
和宾补之间是
一种主动关系
,
罕用于被
动语态
.
有时也可指一种假设
.let
后不能接现在分词
,
过去分词作
宾补
.
Let them stay in
the classroom and do their exercises themselves.
Let AB be equal to CD.
假设
AB
等于
CD.
2). let+
宾语
+
副词
/
介词短语作宾补
Let me in and let them out.
Who let you into the building?
< br>3
.
make
的用法
1). make +
宾语
+
省
to
不定式:表示主语“要”
“使”
“让”宾语干某事
,
宾语和宾补之间
是一种主动关系
.
此结构常用被动结构
.make
后不接现在分词作宾补
.
The teacher made the
naughty boy stand there for an hour.
The naughty boy was made to stand there
for an hour.
2).make+
宾语
+
过去分词
,
此结构中的
宾语指人时常用到反身代词
.
He raised his
voice to make himself heard.
Can you
easily make yourself understood in English?
They will make an important plan known
to the public soon.
3). make+
宾语
+
形容词
,
宾语亦可是从句
.
The news made her
happy.
He made it clear that he
objected to the proposal.
2
“半使役动词”
amaze,
astonish
等
“半使役动词”
在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语
,
而只是认可了
其
v-ing
形式和
v-ed
形式作为形容词使用
.
但这类词汇数量较大
p>
,
使用频率高
,
业
已成为学习和考
查中的重点
,
难点
p>
,
易混易错点
,
而
且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受
.
半使役
动词之所以得名
,
一则它们的意义都有“使某人
感到……”
,
再则是为了与具有特殊用法
的使役动词
let, have,
make
等区别开来
.
2.4
常见的半使役动词
amaze
(使某人感到惊呀)
,
astonish
(使某人感到惊奇)
,
bore
(使某人感到厌倦)
,
complicate
(使某人感到复杂)
,
confuse
(使某人感到迷惑)
,
disappoint
(使某人感到失望)
,
delight
(使某人感到高兴)
,
discourage
(使某人感到气馁)
,
distinguish
(使某人感到显著)
,
excite
(使某人感到兴奋)
,
encourage
(使某人感到鼓舞)
,
exhaust
(使某人感到疲倦)
,
< br>frighten
(使某人感到恐惧)
,
interest
(使某人感到有趣)
,
inspire
(使某人感到刺激)
,
move
(使某人感到激动)
,
please
(使某人感到高兴)
,
puzzle
(使某人感到不解)
,
satisfy
(使某人感到满意)
,
surprise
(使某人感到惊异)
,
shock
(使某人感到震惊)
,
strike
(使某人感到震动)
,
tire
(使某人感到疲惫)
,
upset
(使某人感到迷惑不解)
,
等等
.
2.2
半使役动词的主动式
用法:
something + Vt. + somebody
如:
What surprised him most
was her bravery. His brave deeds moved China.
The exam result satisfied his parents.
The boy
’
s behavior upset
everybody around.
2.3
半使役动词有两
个或三个派生形容词
,
一个加
-ing
,
一个加
-ed,
有时还有一个加其他
后
缀构成
如:
interest----interesting,
interested; astonish----astonishing, astonished;
please----pleasing, pleased, pleasant;
satisfy----satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.
p>
2.4
半使役动词的
v-ing
和
v-ed
两个分词形容词的用法也有规律
一般而言
,
作定语
时
,v-ing
分词形容词修饰事物
,
v-ed
分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活
动
< br>,
表情等;作表语或宾语补足语时
,v-ing
分词形容词指事;
v-ed
分词形容词指人或拟
人
用法
.
而且作表语的
v-ed
分词后接事时常有一个介词
.
如:
The film we saw last
night was very interesting.
We were all
interested in the film.
The frightening
hurricane made the girl very frightened.
The teacher was satisfied with the
answer of his students.
3
使役意义状态动词
get, leave, set,
send, keep, drive,
etc.
常用于复合结构中
3.1get
使成为
/
变得某种状态或结果(
get
的用法跟
have
很接近)
I
can
’
t get the old radio to
work.
我无法让那旧收音机工作起来
(
< br>.
接带
to
不定式作宾补)
p>
Can you really get that old
car going again?
你真能让那旧车运转起来吗
?
The
farmer got his planting done before the rain came.
那农民在雨季前完成了种植
.
He
got his wrist broken.
他折断了手腕
.
(主语发生了不幸的事)
She
soon got the children ready for school.
她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备
.
3.2leave
使保持
/
处于某种状态
Leave your hat
and coat in the hall.
把帽子和外套放在大厅里
.
Did
you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?
你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗
?
Always leave things where you can find
them again.
总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方
.
Who left that window open?
谁让窗户开着
?
Don
’
t leave him
waiting outside in the rain.
别让他在外面雨中等待
.
Leave
somebody / something alone.
不要干涉某人或某事
.
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