-
第一章
英语从句
Subordination
英语
从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）
< br>
一．定语从句
1
．
定语从句：由关系代词
who,
whom, whose, that, which;
关系副词
when, where,
why
引导。
（下面十个句子请读
5
遍并脱口译出！
）
1. The death notices tell us about
people who have died during the week.
2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now
is my friend.
3. The
building whose lights are on is beautiful.
4. Please find a place
which we can have a private talk in.
5. The knee is the joint where the
thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
6. He still remembers the
day when he went to school.
7. It is no need telling us the reason
why you didn't finish it in time.
8. He has three sons, two of whom died
in the war.
9. Mr. Smith,
whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.
10. In the Sunday paper
there are comics, which children enjoy.
2
．
只能用
that
和
who
引导的定语从句
A
．
all, nothing,
anything, a few, one
做先行词指物时
B
．先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时
，后面常跟
that
而不是
which
.
C
．先行词前有
the only, the first, the last, the
next, the very
等词修饰时，引导词只能用
th
at
。
D
．当先行词是
anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody,
someone, somebody
时，后面要用
who
或
whom
；
●
All that
glitters is not gold.
闪光的并非都是金子。
3
．
as
引导定语从句
as
引导的定语从句有两种形式：
A
．引导限制性语从句。
在此类定语从句中，
as
常与主语中作为其先行词
的
such, the same
或
a
s
联用构成，
“
such... as
”
，
“
the
same... as
”
和“
as
...as
”句型，可代替先行词。
例如：
We hope to get such a
tool as he is using.
我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。
B
．
as
引
导非限制性定语从句时，作用与
which
相同，
as
作为关系代词代替整个主句。
（这是语法考试的一个考点。
）
［注意区别］
：
as
引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而
< br>which
引导的定语从句不能放在句首。
例如：
As is reported, a foreign
delegation will visit the city.
据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。
二．状语从句
超级作文联接词及词组，全部拿下！
①
原因：
because, since, now
that
（既然）
as, for, this
reason....
②
结果：
so that, so, therefore,
consequently, so as to, as a result ....
③
时间：
after, before, when,
while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time,
once, lately, presently, shortly after,
currently, at present, nowadays ...
④
条件：
if, only if., once,
unless, in the event (that), in case (that),
provided that, on the condition that, etc.
⑤
让步：
though, although, even
though(if), no matter what / how /
when
→
whatever /
however / whenever ....
⑥
目的：
in order that, in order
to, to,
⑦
比较：
than, as ... as, by compa
rison
（相比较）
，
by
contrast
（相对照）
....
三．名词性从句
王牌要点：通常由
that
或疑问词导出。
1. How some mammals came to
live in the sea is not
know.
（主语从句）
2. The attorney told his client that
they had little chance of winning the
case.
（宾语从句）
3. The problem is what we'll do
next.
（表语从句）
4. We have no idea that he has come
back.
（同位语从句）
同位语（
Appositive
）
:
同位语是英语语法的重点内容，
也是各类考试中的一个考点，
同时，
在写作中正确
运用同位语可以使你的句
型更加简洁得体。
《新概念英语》
第三册第一课有这样一个句子：
When reports came into London zoo that
a wild puma had been
spotted forty-five
miles south of London, they were not taken
seriously.
（当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦
以南
45
英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。
）
在这里，
a
wild
puma
had
been
spotted
forty-five
miles
south
of
London
就是同位语从句，它本来应该放在
“
reports
”后面，这里
却被放在了谓语成分
came into London
zoo
的后面，目的是让句型显得更为稳重。
I
．简单记忆：同位语从句，就是对
某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。
I was greatly shocked when I heard the
news that his father died yesterday.
（
that
引导的句子解释了
news
的内容，注意：
that
不做任何成分）
We
have to face the fact that the weather is
unexpectedly bad.
（
that
引导的句子解释了
fact
的内容）
II
．联想记忆：
能接同位词从句的名词有：
beli
ef
（信仰）
，
fact
，
idea
，
doubt<
/p>
，
rumor
（谣言）
< br>，
evidence
（证据）
，
conclusion
（结论）
，
suggestion
（建议）
，
problem
，
order
< br>，
answer
，
discov
ery
（发
现）
explanation
（解释）
，
principle
（原则）
，
po
ssibility
（可能性）
，
tr
uth
，
promise
（承诺）
，
report
（报告）
< br>，
statement
（声明）
，
knowledge
（知识）
，
opinion
（观
点）
< br>，
likelihood
（可能性）
［大声朗读三遍，背下即可。
］
III
．王牌要点：
●
同位语一般由
that
引导，但也可以用关
系代词
which,
who,
what
和关系副词
when,
where,
why,
how
或
whether
引导。
There arouse the question
whether we could win the game.
I have no idea howto explain it.
●
一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。
（非常经典之功能句式，<
/p>
可用于四六级和托福作文，
不妨一试！
）
：
on
the assumption
（在……前提下）
，
on the
ground
（由于……原因）
，
on the condition
that
（在……条件下）
，
with the
exception
（有……例外）
owing to the
fact
（由于……事实）
；
on the understanding
（基于……理解）
；
The young lady
promised to marry the old man on the condition
that he bought her a villa.
那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头，条件是他给她买一幢别墅。
IV
．分隔式同位语从句
为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻，有时同位语从句可以放到句
子的末尾，
（读两遍此定义，然后看倒句：
）
< br>
An idea came to him
that he might write to her to ask more information
about the matter.
I got
information from my friend that there will be a
marvelous American movie
V
.
同位语从句与定语从句之区别
简单记忆：定语从句的引导词
that
或
which
在句子中用作主语或宾语，而同位语从句的引导词
that
只起连
接主句和从句之作用，不用作任何成分。
示例：
I've got an
answer that A is right.
(
同位语从句，
that
不做成分
)
I've got an answer that surprised me a
lot.
（定语从句，
that
做定语
从句的主语）
< br>VI
．王牌重点：可以充当同位语的词组或短语。
1
）名词
短语。
（
使句型更为简洁
）
Bill Clinton, the
president of America, came to China to pay an
official visit in 1998.
Lu
Xun,
one
of
the
greatest
essayists
in
China,
played
an
overwhelmingly
important
role
in
Chinese
literature
history.
2
）动名词词组亦可用作同位语：别
忘了加逗号。
（
使句型更为流畅
）
I'm crazy about
the game, playing baseball.
Going to concert, that sounds a great
idea.
3
）不定式短语。
（
陌生只是掌握的开始
）
< br>
The problem what to do
next remains unsolved.
Her
claim to have finished his work is nothing but a
white lie.
4
）形容词
词组。
（有逗号隔开）
All the workers, young or old, should
be treated equally.
Young
man, short or tall, should have the right to take
the opportunity.
VII.
同位语的引导词。
（
重要！这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分
）
引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系：
1
．
namely, that it
is, that is to say
（也就是说）
, in
other words
（换句话说）
, or, for
short
表示等同关系。
2
．
such as, say,
so to speak
（譬如说）
,
including
（包括）
, for
instance
（或
for
example (e.g. / eg
）
，表示举例
和列举关系。
3
．
especially,
mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particu
larly
表示突出重点，
（在高难度阅读中表示后面的部
分为更重要或更突出的部分，是出题的关键点。
）
< br>
第二章
虚拟语气
THE
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。
< br>
1.
与现在事实相反的虚拟：
If +
did / were + ..., ... would
should
could
+ do
（动词原形）
might
If I were you, I would go abroad at
once. (I am not you.)
If he
knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it
now.)
2.
与过去事实相反的虚拟：
If +
had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...
If I had known your
telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned
you.
(I didn't know your
telephone number.)
If you
had come here a littleearlier just now, you might
have met her.
(You didn't
come here earlier.)
3.
与将来事实相反的虚拟：
(1) If + should + v., ... would + v.
（可能性很小）
（译作“万一”
）
If it should rain
tomorrow, you could stay at home.
If I should fail, what should Ido?
(2) If + did /
were to + v ..., would + v.
（完全不可能）
If the sun were to rise in the west, I
would lend you the money.
If you finished it in 3 minutes, I
would give you my car.
4. <
/p>
金牌特殊重点：
！
！
［简单联想记忆］
：
●
下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即
should
+
动词原形，
shoud
在美国英语中要省略（
TOEFL
语法考点）
。
此类常见的动词有：
order,
ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest
（建议）
insist
（坚决要求）
，
advise, etc.
例句：
He suggested that we
(should) help them with English.
The teacher ordered that the homework
(should) be finished within half an hour.
●
下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“
should +
动词原形”
（
should
可省去）的虚拟。
suggestion,
order,
request,
demand,
importance,
proposal.
He
made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy
dress party.
I think it is
a thing of importance that it (should) be done
soon.
●
It is / was
important / necessary / natural / essential /
advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that
+
主语
+ should + v.
It is strange that you should say such
a thing.
It was important
that you should tell me all the information.
●
wish
后的宾语从句中，
as if
后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：
主
+ wish+ (that)
+
主
+ did /
were
（指现在）
haddone
（指过去）
would+ v.
（指将来）
Iwishthat I met my uncle
now.
IwishI had met my
uncle yesterday.
IwishI
could meet my uncle tomorrow.
●
It
is (high) time that ... + did / were ...
It is time that you went to
bed.
●
would rather
that ... + did / were ...
I
would rather that you were not here now.
●
would sooner that ... + did / were ...
I would sooner that you got
up earlier.
I would sooner
that you were not my brother.
第三章
代替与省略
SUBSTITUTIONAND OMISSION
英语中，为了避免不必要的重复，经常用
so, not,
to, do, does
代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。
如：
He translated the article
better than I did.
(did
代替
wrote it)
—
Doyou think she isclever?
—
I think so.
(so
代替
she is
clever)
(1)
从上两例中看出，
do / does / did
代替动词。
(2)
与
not<
/p>
代替某个词、短语、句子等，通常用于
hope,
think,
believe,
expect,
suppose,
be
afraid,
fear,
imagine, etc
后作宾语。
E.g.
—
Is it correct?
—
I'm afraid not.
(not correct)
(3)
用作不定式，常跟随下列动词：
want, mean,
hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid,
etc.
E.g. I asked him to go
to the party, but he refused to. (go to the party)
(4)
用来代替动态动词，而不能代静态动词。
Eg.
—
He gave up studying English.
—
Why did he do
so? (= give up studying English)
—
The
dish tastes nice.
—
Yes, so it
does. (tastes nice)
(
此句不能用
it does it
或
it does so,
因
taste
属静态动词。
< br>）
(5)
为使语言精炼，避免不必要的重复，对话中常用省略形式。
E.g.
—
He is thinking of buying a car?
—
Is
he?
（
这里，
“
thinking of buying a car
”被省略了。
）
—
Will he come back in time?
—
Perhaps.
（
省略了
he will come back in
time.
)
第四章
倒
装
INVERSION
根据语法要求
，把谓语动词置于主语前，称为完全倒装，把助动词或情态动词置于主语前，称为部分倒装。
1
．副词如：
in, out,
down, there, here, off, over, away, etc.
句子倒装。
（完全倒装，但主语不能是代词）
Down jumped the murderer from the tenth
floor.
In came Miss Green.
（特别注意：当主语是人称代词时不倒装。
）
< br>
Away she
went!
（她走了！
）
Here you
are!
（你在这儿！
）
2
．
only +
副词（介词短语）位于句首，句子要倒装。
Only then did he realize that he was
mistaken.
Only by working
hard can we succeed in doing anything.
3
．
well, so,
often, such, few, little
放于句首，句子形成倒装。
So
fine was the weather that we all went out lying in
the sun.
Well did I know
him and well did he know me.
4
．
否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时，
句子须倒装。
此类词有：
< br>neither
，
nor
，
hardly
，
scarcely
，
rarely
，<
/p>
seldom
，
not
< br>，
never
，
not onl
y
，
barely
，
< br>at no time
，
nowhere
等。
e.g.
—
Jack could not
swim.
—
Neither could Tom.
Never have I seen such a good movie.
5
．
as<
/p>
引导让步状语从句，须倒装。
（
准确地说
，是将需要强调的词提到
as
的前面。
）
Rich as he is, he spends a
cent on charity.
Try as he
does, he never seems able to do the work
beautifully.
6
．在表示祝愿的句子中。
May you make greater progress!
（愿你取得更大进步！
）
7
．在虚拟条件句中，连词
if
< br>省略时，句型要倒装，即将
were, had,
should
等词提到句首。
Were I you, I would go abroad to take
advanced study.
我要是你，就出国进修了。
Should he come tomorrow, he would help
us to settle the problem.
他要是明天来的话，他会帮我们解决这个问题的。
8
．百分特例重点：
Much as we may pride ourselves on our
good taste, we are no longer free to choose the
things we want.
（
NCE Book
III Lesson 26
）
尽管
我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力感到自豪，但我们已经无法自由地选择我们所需要的东西了。
第五章
形容词
ADJECTIVES
定义：形容词是用来修饰名词的词，描述名词的性质、外观、特点等。
功能：形容词可以做定语、表语或补助语。
分类：主要分为两类：描绘性形容词和限定性形容词。
●
描绘性形容词主要用来描绘大、小、新旧、颜色、质量等。
●
限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰
词的数量、距离及范围所属等。
1
．当形容词修饰单数可数名词时，必须与冠词连用：
a lovely girl,
the
naughty boy
2
．形容
词可与系动词连用，做表语，说明主语的性状。常用系动词有：
be
，
become
，
seem
，
appear
，
f
eel
，
look
，
< br>taste
，
smell
，
sound
，
remain
，
go
，
turn
，
keep
，
stay,
etc.
The dish tastes
delicious.
The music sounds
sweet.
The milk went bad.
小心陷阱
feel
，
smell
，
taste
，
look
，
keep
有时
可以用作实义动词，并可以用副词修饰。
He looked
me up and down carefully.
I
tasted the soup slowly to see whether it was
salty.
3
．形容词用作后置
定语。
（简单理解：一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面，但有些形容词修饰名词时放
在名
词的后面）
a river
navigable
（一条可通航的河）
sight
visible
可见的景象
person responsible
（负责人）注意：
responsible
person
（有责任心的人）
the best way
possible
（尽可能好的办法）
the number
necessary
（必要的数量）
the people
present
（在场的人）
4
．只能作表语的形容词
1
．某些表示健康状况的形容词。
<
/p>
well
（身体好的）
，
ill
（病的）
，
faint
（虚弱的）
，
poorly
（身体不好的）
示例：
His mother has been ill
for a long time.
特别注意：
sick
是个特例。它既可做表语，又可做定语。
He is sick for a couple of
days.
（他病两三天了）
He
is a sick
person.
（他是个病人。
）
2
．某些以
a-
开头的形容词。
如：
afraid
（害怕的）
，
alone
（独自的）
，
alive
（活着的）
，
asleep
（睡着的）
，
awake
（醒
着的）
，
aware
（意识
到的）
The old man is alone
in the
house.
（老人一个人在家。
）
The teacher is alive with enthusiasm.
（这位老师热情洋溢。
）
He is asleep in his mother's arms.
（他在母亲的怀抱中睡着了。
）
I have been aware of the difficulty.
（我已经意识到了困难。
）
5
．当一系列形容词修饰名词时，须
注意排列顺序：代明形容词
+
数量形容词
+
性状
形容词
+
名词。
（
下图
看起来费劲，看透了绝对实用
）
代明形容词
1
用于冠
词前的
形容词
All
Both
Such
2
冠词
指示代词
物主代词
不定代词
the
A(n)
this
that
your
Some
first
second
...
one
two
...
good
bad
...
big
small
round
...
old
new
cold
blue
yellow
...
English
Indian
...
wood
stone
Iron
数量形容词
3
序数
基数
4
5
6
大小
性质
长短
状态
形状
性状形容词
7
新旧
温度
8
颜色
9
国籍
10
材料
动名词
box
cage
名词
11
名词
Eg.
a broken small old gray
stone bridge.
such a good
yellow pen.
第六章
副
词
ADVERBS
定义：副词用来修饰动词（系动词除外）
，形容词，其它副词或整个句子。
功能：表示时间、方式、程度、范围等。
分类：
●
时间及频度副词：
before
，
frequently
，
always
，
usual
ly
等
●
地点副词：
here
，
northward
，<
/p>
anywhere
，
above
，
below
等
●
方式副
词：
rapidly
，
quickly
，
clearly
，
< br>hard
，
well
等
●
程度副词：
quite
，
m
uch
，
nearly
，
just
，
enough
，
perfectly
，
only
等
●
疑问副词：
how
，
why
，
< br>when
，
where
等
例：
He
walked out of the room slowly.
She looks very beautiful.
We study English very carefully.
Even a child can do it
better.
Perhaps she will
telephone you tomorrow.
金牌要点：几个重要副词的使用：
1. enough
：修饰形容词或副词，须置于被修饰词后；
而修饰名词时放在修饰词的前面。
He is old
enough to go to school.
I
have enough money to buy this type of bicycle.
2.
too
：位于形容词或副词前。
She is too eager to see me.
3.
very
：置于所修饰的形容词、副词前。
He is very handsome and many girls like
to speak with him.
4.
much
：修饰动词，形容词及副词比较级。
The subject has beentalked too much.
Her dress is much more
beautiful than mine.
5.
still:
“依旧，仍然”用于肯定句、否定句中。
He still remembers the days they spent
together.
I still can not
catch his words.
6. yet:
位于疑问句末尾时意思是“已经”
；用于否定句时意思是“还”
。
Have you emptied the dustbin yet?
I haven't done that yet.
7. only:
根据句意灵活运用。
（
请翻译下面三个句子！
）
Only he can tell
you how to do it.
He can
only tell you how to do it.
He can tell you how to do it only
today.
8.
hardly, scarcely, seldom,
never
本身为否定意义副词，注意使用。
Hardly had we left the station when it
began to rain.
你知道吗？
几个易混淆的副词：
1.
easy: stand easy (= comfortably)
easily: It can't be solved easily.
2. clear: The
bullet went clear through the window
(= directly)
clearly: Clearly, he doesn't know
anything about it.
(=
obviously)
3.
high: He can jump very
high.
（高地）
highly:
We think highly of the good
teacher.
（高度地）
4. just: We have just know the
news.
（刚刚）
justly:
He was justly punished.
（公正地）
5. hard: You
must think hard.
（努力地）
hardly: He hardly knows about
it.
（几乎不）
6. pretty: He is not pretty sure about
it.
（非常）
prettily:
The girl is prettily
dressed.
（漂亮地）
7. near: He lives near the
school.
（附近）
nearly: I nearly missed the
bus.
（几乎）
8. late: Don't come late next
time.
（迟到）
lately:
I haven't read novels
lately.
（最近）
9. formally: You should be dressed
formally at the
meeting.
（正式地）
formerly: Formerly, he was the manager
of the company.
（以前）
10.
free
（免费地）
freely
（自由地）
11.
most
（最）
mostly
（大部分）
12.
sharp
（准时地）
sharply
（严厉地）
第七章
冠
词
ARTICLES
不定冠词“
a
”用来表示可数名词的单数形式，用于辅
音音素前，
an
用于元音音素前。
如：
a person, a day; an hour,
anold man...
I
．定冠词用法如下：
（英语刚启蒙时你就知道冠词了，可你真正掌握了吗？再背一
遍又何妨？！
）
< br>1
．用于双方都知道的名词前：
Please
cleanthe classroom
．
2
．用于单数名词前，表示一类人或
物：
The horseis a useful
animal.
（马是有用的动物）
This is a very hardjob for theteacher.<
/p>
（对于老师这是一项很难的工作。
）
3
．用于世界上独一无二的东西前：
the sun, the spring.
4
．用于方位名词前：
People
in the west like coffee very much.
5
．用于乐器名词前：
play
the violin.
6
．用于
计量单位前：
Gasoline is soldby the gallon.
7
．形容词最高级和序数词前：
This is the easiest way to work out the
problem.
He came to see me
for first time.
8
．用于江河湖海山脉名称前：
the
Pacific
，
the
Thames
，
the Rocky Mountains
9
．杂志、报刊名称前：
the
Times
，
the Overseas Digest
10
．用于建筑物、和组织前：
the
White House, theMinistry of Education
11
．用于姓氏复数前，表“某某夫妇，某某一家人”
the Smiths
，
the Greens
12
．用于形容词前，表一类人
/
物：
the rich,
theblind
13
．用于
English
，
Chinese
，<
/p>
French
等名词前，表“全体国民”
the English
，
the Chinese
II
．以下情况不用冠词：
1
．三餐前
breakfast
，
lunch
，
supper
，
... Have you had
lunch
？
2
．体育运动项目前
playchess
，
... I
have nointerest intennis.
3
．在由
by
引出的交通工具前
by
air
（乘飞机）
，
by car
4
．在称呼或职位前
He has been elected president of the
committee.
5
．习惯用语前
at school
，
day by
day
，
at
table
（在吃饭）
，
go to
church
（做礼拜）
...
第八章
介
词
Prepositions
金牌要点：
“英语是介词和动词的语
言”
，由此可见，掌握介词的用法何其重要。
学习介词的最好方法是要弄清楚介词与介词之间位置上的关系
，请参考下图：
above
over
to
→
on
↑
→
from
In
→
through
into
↗
↓
↘
out of
by
under
below
I
．分类：
1
．常用简单介词：
about
，
across
，
against
，
among
，
after
，
at<
/p>
，
behind
，
besides
，
beyond
，<
/p>
by
，
concerning
，
beneath
，
be
tween
，
despite
，
except
，
during
，
down
，
for
，
from
，
past
，
than
，
under
，
until
等。
2
．合成介词：
inside
，
outside
，
onto
，
out of
，
within
等。
3
．短语介词：
according
to
，
ahead
of
，
along
with
，
as
for
，
because
of
，
be means
of
，
due
to
，
in spite
of
，
on behalf
of
，
owing
to
，
with regard
to
等。
II
．介词与“……的”之关系：
在英语学习中，一遇到“……的”
，
大家就会立刻想到
’
s
所有格或者<
/p>
of
，实际上，在很多情况下，
“……的
”
必须借助于介词才能准确表达。
以下请学员重复记忆：
●
美国的冬天
→
the winter in
America
●
停车场的入口
→
the entrance to
the parking lot
●
穿过森林的小路
→
the path
through the forest
●
鲁迅的著作
→
the works by Lu
Xun
●
水中的月亮
→
the moon
reflected in water
●
历史的见证
→
the witness to
history
●
对爱的渴望
→
a longing for
love
●
对我们不利的证据
→
the evidence
against us
●
阳光下的漫步
→
a walk in the
sunlight
●
追求名誉的女人
→
a lady after
fame
●
两人之间的争论
→
an argument
between the two persons
重要介词的重要用法：
（
1
）
from
：此介词表
示“
to
”相反的方向。
He came from London.
Hewent to London.
二词常搭配使用“
from ...
to...
”
WestudiedEnglish from
morningtoafternoon
He'll
start fromBeijingto Shanghai.
经典用法：
●
由于
→
The girl is
trembling from fear.
●
免除
→
Tramps are
always free from care.
流浪汉们总是无忧无虑。
●
分开
→
The couple
parted from each other at the airport.
●
由……制成
→
The red wine is
made from grapes.
红葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的
由
from
引导的惯用法：
from far
从远处
from now / then
on
从现在
/
那时起
from bad to
worse
每况愈下
from
time to time
（
occasionally
时而）
习语：
She comes to visit me from time to time
（
2
）
out
of
：表示与“
into
”相反的语
意
He will be out of town.
I stepped out of the dark
room.
out of+
名词
(= lack, to be
without
用完，用光）
He
went to the shop because he was out of paper.
out of date (= old-
fashioned
过时的）
The book has been out of date.
out of work (= jobless
失业的
)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：功能对等理论的应用 英文
下一篇：新概念英语第三册语法精粹