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连接词
114-120
A.
依形态分为
(1)
简单连接词：
and, or, but, if, when
等
(2)
相关连接词：
both
?
and
?
, either
?
or
?
, not
only
?
but
also
?等
(3)
片语连接词：
as soon as, as well
as, even if
等，片语连接词就是多个
字的连接词
(4)
有其他词类转换而成：
immediately(=as
soon as), supposing(=if)
等
B.
依功能分为
(1)
对等连接词：将字与字，片语
与片语，子句与子句等以对等的关系连接在一
起。
如
and, but, or
(2)
从属连接词：引导名词子句或副词子句的连接词。
如
if, when, because
一、
对等连接词
[
对等连接词
]
需要加
逗号
(1)
and
(
和，并且，那么
)
1.
Soldiers moved
quickly
and
quietly
.
2.
The book
is
of use
and
of
interest
.
of + N =
形容词
3.
Everybody sat down
and
the meeting began
.
4.
Hurry up, and
you’ll be in time
for the train.
5.
There
are
magazines
and
magazines
in that bookstore.
除了杂志还
是杂志
6.
Go
(and)
buy some eggs.
Go buy some eggs.
Go
to
buy some eggs.
(
少用
)
注意
在动词
come
，
go
，
see
，
try
，
write
之后的
and
可以代替
to
不定词中的
to
7.
Bread and
butter
is
my
favorite (food) at breakfast.
涂了奶油的
面包
The bread and the butter
面包和奶油
重点
相关连接词
both ~ and ~
1.
He can speak
English.
He can speak French.
> He can speak
(both)
English
and
French.
2.
Both
he
and
I are senior high school students.
(2)
but (
但是
)
and
是表示相同的东西，
but
表示相反的东西
1.
He was poor
but
happy.
2.
Do it
in haste
but
with
caution
.
of + N =
形容词
with+
Ｎ
=
副词
3.
Excuse me,
but
could you tell me the way to the station?
but
虽然是打扰了你，但是我还是要打扰你，表示相反的情况
重点
相关连接词
not ~ but ~(
不是
~
而是
~)
及
not only ~ but also ~(
不仅
~
而
且
~)
1.
He
owns
not
one
but
two computers.
2.
She is
not only
wise
but
(also)
kindhearted.
She is
both
wise
and
kindhearted.
She is
kindhearted
as well as
wise.
也；和?一样；不但?而且
She
is wise
and kindhearted
alike
.
注意
下列句子中动词的
单复数
1.
Both you and I
are
in the wrong.
强调
[
两者都
]
2.
Not only you
but also I am
in the wrong.
不但
~
而且
~
,
强调
[
而且
]
3.
You
as well as I
are in the
wrong
.
强调前者
(3)
or (
或者；也就是
否则
)
1.
Do you want to go
on
foot
or
by bus
?
2.
This is a
picture of an igloo
or Eskimo snow
house
.
也就是
~
(
同
位格
)
这里有一张
igloo
也就是爱斯基摩人所住的冰屋的图片
3.
You
had better take a taxi,
or
you’ll miss your
appointment.
否
则
重点
相关连接词
either ~ or ~
(
不是
~
就是
~)
1.
Either
you leave the
house
or
I’ll
call the police.
2.
Either
you
or
Jane
is
in the
right.
也许可以这样解释
Either you
(are in the right) or Jane
is
in the
right.
=
Both
you and
Jane
aren
’
t
in the right.
并非两者都
>
< br>只有一个
(4)
neither / nor
(
也不
)
注意
neither / nor
(
否定字
),
不可和
not
连用
neither
/ nor
置于句首
>
倒装
1.
I have
not visited the North Pole.
I don’t
plan to visit the North Pole.
>I have not visited the North Pole,
neither/nor do I plan to
.
2.
Tom is
not
good at math.
–
Nor/Neither am
I
.
重点
相关连接词
neither~ nor~ (
< br>既不
~
也不
~)
1.
The boy
neither admits nor denies
that he stole the bicycle.
既不承认也不否认
2.
Neither
my brother
nor
I
have
been invited.
也许可以这样解释
Neither
my
brother (has
been
invited)
nor
I
have
been invited.
(5)
so
(
所以
)
so
只能
连接两个子句
，不能连接单字，不能连接片语
1.
The
bus broke down,
so
I was
late (for school/ for work).
2.
I practiced my
speech hard,
so
I won a
prize in the contest.
so
后面主词不能省略，哪怕重复也要写出来
(6)
for (
因为
)
I am sleepy today
,
for
I couldn’t sleep well
last night.
I am sleepy
today
because
I
couldn’t sleep well last night.
注意
for (
因为
)
只能连接两个子句，为较书面
文章式
的用法
口语中多用
because
，但用法有差别
差别
for
是对等连接词，只能连接两个子句，它所连接的子句地位都是平等的，
because
是从属连接词，它连接的子句是有主从之分的
，它和对等连接词共
同部分就是可以连接子句，
从属连接词摆在句子当中的时候不需要将逗点加上去，
对等连接词需要加逗<
/p>
号
。
重点
有些字是副词，但是因为和对等
连接词一样可以连接两个片语或子句，故此
称为
连接副词
。
连接副词在句子里面都是起到转折作用的
表
[
选择
]
else(
否则
),
otherwise(
否则
)
however,
nevertheless(
虽然如此，然而
)
表
[
相反
]
on the
contrary(
相反的
), on the other
hand(
反之
/
另一方面
)
表
[
说明
]
namely(
即
,
也就是
), i.e.(=that is / that
is to say) (
即
,
也就
是
,
换句话说
for
example, for instance, e.g.(=for example)
therefore, accordingly, hence, thus, as
a result, consequently, in
表
[
结果
]
consequence (
因此
,
所以
)
表
[
相连
]
also, besides, moreover, furthermore,
in addition (
此外
,
而且
)
表
[
相似
]
also, likewise, similarly
(
同样地；类似于
)
then(
然后
)
表
[
时间
]
meanwhile, at the same time
(
同时
)
in brief
(
简而言之
)
表
[
结论
]
in conclusion
(
总之，综上所述
)
表
[
加强
indeed(
的确
), anyhow(
无论如何
),
in fact
语气
]
与连接词
and
also(
而且
), and
therefore(
因此
), and
so(
所以
), but
still(
但是
),
and
同时出现
then(
然后
), or
else(
否则
), and
yet(
然而
)
1.
I’m
taking
an
umbrella
with
me
;
otherwise,
I
am
going
to
get
wet.
I’m taking an umbrella
with me
, or
I am going to
get wet.
注意标点的差别
2.
It may
rain
; nevertheless,
we will
start on our trip.
3.
It
rained
that
day
;
consequently,
the
baseball
game
was
called
off.
4.
She will come
in half an hour
; meanwhile,
we will have coffee.
5.
His headache grew worse
, but
still
he didn’t
complain.
加上副词
still
让语气更强烈或完整
6.
连接词和连接副词的区别
连接词：
Gary is a
nice person
, but
he has no
friends.
连接副词：
Gary is a nice person
;
however
he has no friends.
Gary is a nice person
;
however,
he has no friends.
Gary is a nice person
;
he has
, however,
no friends.
Gary is a nice
person
;
he has no
friends
, however
.
二、
从属连接词
(
副词子句
,
名词子句
)
关系代名词
(
形容词子句
)
参考关系词章节
(1)
引导名词子句
a.
that
引导的名词子句
i.
当主词
1.
That
he will succeed is
certain.
It
is certain that
he will succeed.
2.
That
Bill passed the
entrance examination is true.
It
is true that Bill passed
the entrance examination.
3.
That
the
world’s
climate
is
getting
hotter
is
beyond
any
doubt.
It
is beyond any doubt
that the world’s climate is getting
hotter.
beyond any
doubt
无疑地
;
没有任何疑义地
beyond
description
难以形容
ii.
当补语
that
子句放在
be
动词
< br>/
连缀动词后当补语
1.
The trouble is
that
I cannot speak French.
The trouble is
,
I
cannot speak French.
在口语中会
省略
作为补语的
that
，省略时，在原处
加逗号
。
2.
The fact is
that
he couldn’t
care about me in the least
.
他
根本不可能关心我
The fact is
,
he couldn’t care about me in the
least.
3.
The problem is
that
I have no money with me.
The
problem is
,
I have no money
with me.
身上没带钱
iii.
solve the
problem
answer the question
当受词
及物动词或
< br>(
不及物动词的
)
介系词后面当
受词
(
一
)
做及物动词的受词
重点
(1)
:
可省
that
that
引导的名词子句若接在
say,
explain,
hope,
wish,
know,
believe
等动词后
常省略
that
1.
I believe (that) he will do his best.
2.
The radio said
(that) today is the hottest day this summer.
纸条上写着“我爱你”
。
The notes
said
I
love
you.
3.
He
said
(that)
he would surely
come
but that
he might be
ten
or twenty minutes late.
第二个
that
离主词太远所以
不可省略
重点
(2)
:
不可接
that
子句做受词
这类动词有
like,
hate,
want,
try,
attempt(
尝试
),
care,
offer(
提议
),
refuse,
decline(
拒绝
)
He offered that he would drive me to
the station.
He offered to drive me to
the station.
提议是说话人自己要去做什么
(offer)
建议是某人要去做什么
(suggest)
重点
(3):
不能直接接
that
子句
这类动词有
tell,
inform, remind(
提醒
),
assure(
保证
),
instruct(
指示
),
persuade,
convince(
使信服
)
等
这类动词的句型是
S+V+O(
人
)+O(
事物
/that
子句
)
He reminded that I had promised to help
him.
He reminded
me
that I had promised to help him.
重点
(3): that
不可省略
这类动词有
A.
主词
+
错误！未找到引用源。
+ that
+S+(should)
＋
VR
B.
It
beV+
形容词
(necessary,
essential,
urgent)+that+S+(should)+VR
that
不可省
，但句中的
should
可省
,
但其后动词仍用
原形
1.
My
mother
insisted
that
my
sister
(should)
arrive
home
before
midnight.
2.
It is
necessary that
you
(should) make
up your mind.
重点
(4): that
子句若在
(S+V+O+OC)
中当受词时须
用虚受词
it
代替。
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