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英汉语成语、习语、俗语的比较与翻译
Lead up:
The
Pure
Brightness
Day
;
All
Soul
s’
Day;
The
Clear-and-Bright
Feast;
the
Rainy
Season
of Spring; the Tomb-
visiting Day; The Mourning Day
吴钧陶
译
The Pure Brightness Day
It drizzles
thick on the Pure Brightness Day;
I
travel with my heart lost in dismay.
Is there a public house somewhere,
cowboy?
He points at Apricot Bloom
Village far away.
杨宪益、戴乃迭
译：
In the Rainy Season of
Spring
It drizzles endless during the
rainy season in spring,
Travelers
along the road look gloomy and miserable.
When I ask a shepherd boy where I can
find a tavern,
He points at a distant
hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.
许渊冲译
The
Mourning Day
A drizzling rain falls
like tears on the Mourning Day;
The
mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
Where can a wineshop be found to drown
his sad hours?
A cowherd points to a
cot 'mid apricot flowers.
一．例句
1.
to kill two
birds with one stone
2.
to flog a dead
horse
；
do sth in vain; make
futile efforts
鞭打死马；白费力气
3.
a drop in a
bucket
沧海一粟；太仓一粟；九牛一毛；微不足道；微乎其微；不足挂齿
4.
to
teach a pig to play on a flute
教猪吹笛；对牛弹琴；
5.
过街老鼠
（直译）
like a rat crossing the
street
(
意译
) the object
of universal condemnation; a bad man hated by
everybody
6.
门庭若市
(
直译
) the
courtyard is like a market.
（意译）
a much visited house; a
busy town; bustling; crowded
7.
望梅止渴
（直译）
to gaze at plums to
quench one’s thirst
（意译）
to
console
oneself
with
false
hopes;
to
feed
on
fancies
(illusion);
imagined
satisfaction; a Barmecide
（<
/p>
《一千零一夜》中一个口惠而实不至的人物）
feast.
8.
危如累卵
（直译）
as dangerous as a pile
of eggs
（意译）
hazardous in the
extreme; great insecurity; in a precarious
condition; at stake, at risk; at
hazard; in peril; in danger; perilous;
risky; critical...
9.
A nod is as good as a wink to a blind
horse.
（直译）点头也好，眨眼也好，示意盲马，同样无效。
（意译）犟汉难劝，狂人难喻。
10.
The worst
wheel of a cart creaks most.
（直译）最坏的车轮最会嘎吱响。
（意译）能猫不叫，叫猫不能。
11.
A creaky
wheel gets the oil.
（直译）嘎吱响的轮子有润滑油。
（意译）会哭的孩子有奶吃。
12.
山雨欲来风满楼
（直译）
The wind sweeping
through the tower heralds a rising storm in the
mountains.
（意译）
A
turbulent situation foretells a big event; Coming
events cast their shadows before.
13.
树倒猢狲散
（直译）
When the tree falls, the
monkeys scatter.
（意译）
Members run away when
the family (constitution) falls; when an
influential person falls
from power,
his hangers-on dispers; Rats leave a sinking ship.
14.
hand in glove with
狼狈为奸
15.
once in a
blue moon
千载难逢
16.
at sixes and
sevens
乱七八糟
17.
招风惹草
look for trouble
18.
it is a long
lane that has no turning
好事多磨
19.
It is an ill
bird that fouls its own nest.
家丑不可外扬
如下成语：
20.
cut in a joke
插科打诨
21.
speak one’s
mind
畅所欲言
22.
be after
one’s own heart; to one’ s heart’s
content
称心如意
23.
at one’s
finger
-tips
了如指掌
24.
fish in
troubled waters
浑水摸鱼
25.
in deep
water
水深火热
26.
turn up one’s
nose at
嗤之以鼻
27.
skin and
bones
皮包骨头
28.
touch and go
一触即发
29.
from the
cradle to the grave
一生一世；从生到死
30.
hit the nail
on the head
一语道破
31.
充耳不闻
turn a deaf ear to
32.
出人头地
be head and shoulders
above others
33.
吹毛求疵
pick a hole in one’s
coat
34.
破釜沉舟
burn one’s
boat
35.
大惊小怪
make a fuss about
36.
大海捞针
look for a needle in a
bundle of hay
37.
颠倒黑白
talk black into white
38.
得意忘形
have one’s nose in the
air
39.
攀龙附凤
worship the rising sun
40.
大发雷霆
hit the ceiling; fly
into a rage
41.
骑虎难下
hold a wolf by the ears
42.
视而不见
turn a blind eye to
如下谚语：
43.
look before
you leap
三思而后行
44.
make hay
while the sun shines
未雨绸缪
45.
there is no
smoke without fire
无风不起浪
46.
Ill news
travels fast.
恶事传千里
47.
欲速则不达
more haste, less speed.
48.
出门一里，不如家里；在家千日好，出门事事难
east
and west, home is best.
49.
捡到篮子里就是菜
all is fish that
comes to the net.
50.
皇天不负苦心人
everything comes to
him who waits.
51.
小巫见大巫
the moon is not seen
when the sun shines.
52.
One boy is a
boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy; two
is company, three is misery.
一
个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水喝，三个和尚没水喝。
53.
Out of sight,
out of mind.
眼不见，心不烦。
54.
Spare the
rod, spoil the child.
55.
Where there
is a will, there is a way.
有志者
,
事竞成
56.
The on-
lookers see most of games.
旁观者清
57.
Tall trees
catch much wind.
树大招风
58.
Seeing is believing.
百闻不如一见
59.
like father
like son
60.
like
knows like
61.
笨鸟先飞
A slow sparrow should
make an early start.
62.
不打不成交
63.
to kill two birds with one stone
64.
to flog a dead horse
65.
a
drop in the bucket
沧海一粟；九牛一毛；微不足道；
66.
to teach a pig to play on a flute
67.
pull one
’
s leg
开玩笑
英译汉：
1.
I took the
news with a grain of salt.
我对这个消息半信半疑。
2.
Unless you’ve
got an ace up your sleeve, we are dished.
< br>除非你有锦囊妙计，否则，我们是
输定了。
3.
He went
through fire and flood to save his mother.
他赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲。
4.
You have a
lucky star above you.
你真是吉星高照。
5.
She is now
between the devil and the deep sea on this matter.
她在这个问题上真是进退维
谷。
6.
He is reaping
what he has sown.
他这是咎由自取。
7.
She is an
easy-going woman. She always throws her cares to
the winds.
她是个大大咧咧的女
人，总是把忧愁抛至
九霄云外。
8.
That fellow is always fair without but
foul within.
那个家伙总是口蜜腹剑。
9.
That little
girl has a ready
tongue.
那个小姑娘真是伶牙俐齿。
10.
The light-
fingered gentry frequented these shops.
梁上君子经常光顾这些商店。
汉译英：
1.
这些国家的经济形势每况愈下。
The
economic
situation
in
these
countries
is
on
the
downgrade.
2.
为了迷人眼目，
他们把自己打扮成革命者。
In order to throw dust
into the eye of the public,
they decked
themselves out as revolutionaries.
3.
扪心自问，
他不得不承认自己是错了。
By searching his heart he
could not but admit that he
was in the
wrong.
4.
我们必须全力以赴，拿下这场球。
We must do
our level best to win the game.
5.
照当时情况，他除了忍气吞声又能怎么办呢？
As
things stood, what else could he do but
swallow the insult?
6.
侵略者已经走投无路。
The invaders had
come to the end of their tether.
7.
我讨厌游手好闲的人。
I dislike the
people eating the bread of idleness.
8.
你为什么要引狼入室？
Why did you set
the wolf to keep the sheep?
9.
他是信口开河，
他对经济一窍不通。
He is shooting off his
mouth. He does not know the first
thing
of economy.
10.
鸡毛蒜皮
trifling; trifles; odds
and ends
11.
开门见山
come straight to the
point; get down to business
12.
公事公办
business is business
13.
狗急跳墙
do sth desperately
14.
顺手牵羊
walk off with sth
15.
守株待兔
trust to chance and
stroke of luck
16.
唇枪舌剑
engage in a battle of
words
17.
黔驴技穷
at
one
’
s
wit
’
s end
18.
单枪匹马
all by oneself
19.
生龙活虎
bursting with energy
英译汉：
1.
I was
practically on my knees but he still refused.
苦苦哀求
2.
The two
sisters were usually in agreement on most issues,
but they were at swords
’
point on
the matter of abortion.
3.
He
is a rolling stone. I
don’t
think he can go far.
他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大
出息。
4.
Since I only got the news at second
hand, I took it with a grain of salt.
5.
I’
ll break my neck to get
this done by Friday, but I
can
’
t promise for sure.
竭尽全力
6.
Different perspectives:
转换视角
1.
To have one foot in the
grave.
半身入土
2.
To fish in
the air.
水中捞月
3.
Love me, love
my dog.
爱屋及乌
拆东墙补西墙
rob Peter to pay Paul
How
to understand the proverbs:
1.
It is a long
lane that has no turning.
直译：没有弯的巷子要多长啊
。意译：路
必有弯；事情必有转机；好事多磨
2.
It is a wise
man that never makes mistakes.
从不犯错误的人可
是个聪明人啊。
（言外之意：再聪明的人也会犯错误；智者千虑，必有一失）
3.
It is
an ill wind that blows nobody good.
直译：
吹得人人倒霉的风才是恶风。
（即：没有使人人都受害的坏事；也即：世事皆利弊并存；
鄙译：东风不尽
善，西风不尽恶）
4.
I am not the
first man who has made mistakes.
5.
Who dares do
all that may become a man, and dares no more, he
is a man indeed.
( William Shakespeare)
能屈能伸，方为大丈夫。
Coincidence:
汉语习语英译：
三个臭皮匠顶得上诸葛亮
Three cobbers with their
wits combined equal ZhuGeliang the master mind.
Teamwork; brainstorming;
Many hands make light work.
拙译：
Wits combined are wits
that satisfy; wits combined are wits of great
mind.
< br>螳螂捕蝉
,
黄雀在后
The mantis stalks the cicada but behind
them lurks the oriole. (sparrow
麻雀；
swallow
燕子
)
Be careful about the
hidden/implicitpotential risks; hazards;
比上不足，比下有余
better
than the worst; better off than the worst and
worse off than the best; fairly well-off; fairly
contented life;
不以物喜，不以己悲
not pleased by
external gains, not saddened by personal
losses; take on
e’s personal
gains lightly; to be philosophical about; be
open-minded;
辞旧迎新
bid farewell to the old
and usher in the new; ring out the old year and
ring in the new; wind up the old,
unfold the new
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