-
重点短语
1.
vary in
…
在
……
方面
不同
2.
vary from
…
to
…
从
…
..
到
……
变化
3.
involve
oneself in
…
积极参与
……
4.
be/get
involved in
…
被卷入到
…
.
之中
5.
more than
不仅仅
more than
surprised
十分
/
非常
吃惊
more
…
than
…
与其说
…
不
如说
…
(
强调前者
)
He was more an artist than a
writer.
6.
on
guard
(
保持<
/p>
)
警惕
;
值班<
/p>
,
站岗
7.
hold up
举起
,
抬起
,
承受住
,
支撑
hold on
等会儿
,
坚持
8.
give away
泄露
,<
/p>
出卖
,
暴露
,<
/p>
让步
,
赠送
,<
/p>
捐赠
9.
give out
发出
;
放出
(
消息、声音等
);
用完
,<
/p>
耗尽
10.
make a deal
达成协议
,
做成交易
11.
communicate
with sb
和某人交流
12.
be busy
doing/with sth
忙于某事
13.
stare at
sb/sth
注视着某人
/
某物
14.
stare into
the distance
凝视着远方
15.
request sb to
do sth
要求某人做某事
16.
request that
sb (should) do
…
要求某人做某事
17.
do sb a
favour
帮某人一个忙
18.
in favour of
赞成
19.
up and down
上上下下
=
back and forth
= backwards
and forwards
前前后后
= here and
there
处处
= to and from
来来往往
by
accident
偶然地
,
无意地
重点词汇及拓展
sive
adj.
攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的
2
．
deal
n
．协议；交易
3
．
involve
vt.
包括
4
．
spread
vi.
张开
5
．
stare
vi.
凝视；盯着看
6
．
panic
v
．恐慌；惊慌
7
．
request
n
．请求；要求
8
．
favor
n
．恩惠；善意的行为
9
．
present
adj.
现场的
g vt.
延长
11
．
vary
vi.
变化→
variable
adj.
易变的，多变的→
variation
n
．多样性
12
．
formal
adj.
正式的→
formally adv.
正式地→
informal(
反义词
< br>) adj.
非正式的
13
．
infectious
adj.
有感染性的→
infect
v
．传染，感染→
infection
n
．传染，感染
14
．
judgement
n
．判断，意见→
judge
v
．判断
15
．
equality
n
．平等→
equalize
v
．使平等
知识一：单词
1
．
communicate
vt.
交流；交际；传达；沟通；表达
归纳拓展
(1)communicate with
交换
(
消息
,
想法等
)
；与
(
某人
)
联络
communicate sb.
传达
(
新闻、消息、感情
)
(2)communication
n
．传达；交流；信息；通讯
例句：
He communicated the news
to me by
telephone.
他打电话向我传达了那则消息。
It
is necessary that young and old people should
communicate more with each other.
年轻人与老年人有必要多进行交流。
Communication
with
other
countries
was
difficult
during
the
telephone
and
postal
strike.
邮电工人罢工期间与其他国家的通讯很困难。
误区警示：
communicati
on
作“通讯，通信”讲时，表“交通方式”常用复数。
Radio is the only means of
communication in remote areas.
边远地区唯一的通讯工具就是无线电。
①
A baby communicates its
needs by crying.
婴儿用哭声来表达需要。
②
He learnt how to use sign
language to communicate with deaf customers.
他学会了用手语与失聪的顾客交谈。
命题方向：
communicate
with
短语是重要考点。
活学巧练：
Honesty
is
a
kind
of
quality
and
that
’
s
what
it
takes
to_
需要
_______with
others
successfully.
A
．
say
B
．
report
C
．
communicate
D
．
tell
【解析】
句意为
“诚实是一种品质，
与别人成功交流需要它”
。
communicate
交流，
沟通；
communicate with sb.
与某人交流。
C
2
．
vary
vt.
改变，使多样化
vi.
变化；不同
(1) vary
from
不同于……
vary with
随……从而变化
vary
in
在……方面不同，有差异
(2)
variety n
．品种；多样化
a great/wide
variety of
＝
varieties
of
各种各样的；品种繁多的
(3)
various/varied adj.
不同的；许多的
例句：
Costs of tickets vary
from one airline to another.
机票价格在不同的航空公
司之
间有差别。
The colour of
the leaves varies with
weather.
叶子的颜色随着天气的变化而变化。
Everyone arrived late at the party for
a variety of reasons.
注意：①
differ
强调某些方面的
质或性质的不同性
，常见句型为：<
/p>
A differs from
B
；
A differs among Bs.
②
vary
强调
某些方面的
变化性
，如外形、形态等因某种缘故发生了变化。常见句型
为：
A varies with
B
；
A varies from B to C.
③当强调不同性时，
vary
和
differ
可以互换。
①
Teaching methods vary
greatly from school to school.
各个学校的教学方法大不相同。
②
My doctor said I should
vary my diet more.
医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。活学巧练：
用适当的介词填空
(1) I'd
like to have variety ________ my life.
in
(2) Prices
vary ________ the seasons.
with
(3) Opinions vary
________ this point.
On
(4) Her mood varied ________ optimism
________ extreme depression.
From
to
3
．
involve
vt.
包括，牵涉，使参与
归纳拓展
(1) involve
(doing) sth.
把某人牵扯到某事里面；使某人参与做某事
involve with...
和……有密切联系
(2)
involved adj.
复杂的；有牵连的，有关的
be/get involved
in
使卷入……之中；使专注于
be
involved with
和……有密切联系
例句：
She was involved in
reviewing the lessons all night.
她整晚都在专心致志地复习功课。
President Nixon
had to resign because he was involved in the
Watergate scandal.
尼克松总统不得不辞职，因为他卷入了“水门事件”的丑闻当中。
误区警示：
involve
表示“包括
”时其后可直接接
-ing
作宾语（
i
nvolve+ v-ing
）
，
<
/p>
但
表示“某人参与干某事”常是
invo
lve +doing
。
朗文在线：
①
Every day each of us makes
decisions that involve taking a chance.
每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。
③
Most people don't realize
the amount of effort that is involved in writing a
novel.
大多数人都不明白写一本小说要花多少心血。
命题方向：
involve (doing)
sth.
是重要考点。
【链接训练】
The person you referred to at the
meeting __________ the accident that happened last
night.
A
．
involved in
B
．
involved with
C
．
got
involved in
D
．
got involved
with
答案与解析：
C
be/get involved in sth.
“卷入……
，
与某事有关”
；
be/get
involved with
sb.
“与某人有关”
。所以根据语法只有
C
项对。
< br>
I ask you not to get ________ in
this kind of
’
s none of your
business.
A
．
caught
B
．
involved
C
．
attached
D
．
connected
【解析】
get involved
in
意为“涉及，卷入”
，为固定搭配，其他选项不能用于此
结构。
B
4
．
panic n
< br>．恐慌，惊慌
v.
陷入恐慌；引起恐慌
< br>(panicking
，
panicked
，
panicked)
归纳拓展
(1) get into
a panic
陷入恐慌状态
be in (a)
panic
在惊慌中
cause a
panic
引起恐慌
(2)
panic at...
因
(
听到
/
看到……
)
而惊
慌
panic doing
sth.
使某人仓促行动
例句：
She got into a real panic
when she thought she
’
d lost
the tickets.
她十分惊慌，
以为自己把入场券丢了。
Shoppers fled the street in (a) panic
after two bombs exploded.
两枚炸弹爆炸之后，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。
The crowd panicked at the
sound of the
gunfire.
那群人听到枪声后惊慌失措。
The protests became more
violent and many foreigners were panicked into
leaving
the country.
抗议变得更加激烈
，许多外国人慌忙离开了那个国家。
5
．
spread (spread<
/p>
，
spread)v.
展开；铺开；传播
;
延伸
n
．传播；扩展
归纳拓展
spread /over
sth.
把某物铺在……上
spread out
展开；张开；扩大
(
张
)
；伸长
spread
oneself
舒展身体
例句：
She spread the pages of
the letter on the
table.
她把那几页信展开放在桌上。
The fire spread
from the factory to the houses nearby.
火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。
The rapid spread of the disease is
upsetting the authorities.
这种疾病的迅速蔓延使当局忧虑不安。
【链接训练】
Bird flu
has ________ all over the
world
，
which might panic the
investors.
A
．
spre
ad
B
．
spreaded
C
．
spreat
D
．
spreading
【解析】
句意为：禽流感已蔓延到全
世界，这可能会使投资者惶恐不安。
spread
的过去式及过
去分词同原形，故选
A
。
【答案】
A
6
．
stare
vi.
凝视；注视；盯着看
同类辨析
stare
at
由于好奇、敌视、傲慢而睁大眼睛凝视
glare at
怒视，瞪眼
glance at
匆匆一瞥
look at
看，看着
例句：
He stood there staring
into the
distance.
他站在那里，凝视着远方。
He glanced at
his watch.
他匆匆地看了一下手表。
They stood
glaring at each
other.
他们站着，彼此怒目而视。
The old gentleman just stood there
______ at the pickpocket and did not say a word. <
/p>
A
．
glancing
< br>
B
．
glimpsing
C
．
staring
D
．
glaring
【解析】
句意为：这位老先生只是站
在那里对那个扒手怒目而视，一句话也没有
说。
A
项“瞥见”
；
B
项
“瞥见”
，强调结果；
C
项“凝视，注视”
，指由于惊讶、
好奇、
惧怕等原因而睁大眼睛目不转睛地看。
glare at
怒视，
瞪着眼睛看
【答案】
D
7
．
request
vt.
请求，要求
n
．请求，要求，邀请
(1)
request do
sth.
请求某人干某事
request /of
sb.
要求、请求某人做某事；向某人要求某物
request that
?
clau
se
请求……
(
从句谓语动词用
should
＋动词原形
)
(2) make a request
for...
要求……
例句：
They have made an urgent
request for international
aid.
他们紧急要求国际援助。
The visitors are requested
not to touch the
exhibits.
参观者请勿触摸展品。
We requested
that they immediately make an investigation of the
matter.
①
They have made an
urgent request for international
aid.
他们紧急要求国际援助。
②
Further detail will be sent
on request.
详情承索即寄。
③
The staff immediately
requested that he reconsider his decision.
员工立即要求他重新考虑他的决定。
词语辨析：
demand
，
requi
re
与
request
①
demand
一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求
。
②
require
强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。
③
request
正式用词，指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳求
，多含担心因种种原因对方
不能答应的意味。后面跟宾语从句时，从句后谓语都要用虚拟
语气，即
should
加动
词原形或直
接用动词原形。
命题方向：
request do sth.
及
request
后接
tha
t
从句时用虚拟语气是常考点。
It
is politely requested by the hotel management that
radios ________ after 11 o'clock at
night.
A
．
were not played
B
．
not to play
C
．
not be played
D
．
did
not play
【解析】
It
is requested...
后的主语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用
(should)
＋
动词原形形式，故排除
A
、
D
两项；根据
句意可知
radios
与
play
之间是被动关系，
故用被动语态形式，排除
B
项，选
C
。
【答案】
C
We all
request that the discussion ________.
A
．
put off
B
．
putting off
C
．
is put off
D
．
be put off
答案与解析：
D
request
后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。
8
、
perform v
．上演；扮演
(
角色
)
；演奏；实行；
(
机械等
< br>)
运转
精讲拓展：
①
perform the
play
演戏
②
perform a part in a
play
在剧中扮演一个角色
③
perform an
operation
进行手术
④
performance
n
．执行，履行；表现
⑤
give/put on a
performance
演出，表演
误区警示：
perform
意为
“上演
，扮演；履行，实行”
时作及物动词；意为
“演奏
(
乐
曲
)
< br>；运转”时，作不及物动词。如：
He is
performing on the flute.
他正在吹奏长笛。
The
engine seems to be performing well.
发动机似乎运转正常。
①
I've never seen
“
Othello
”
performed so brilliantly.
我从未看过《奥赛罗》这出戏表演得如此精彩。
②
The orchestra will give two
more performances this week.
这个管弦乐队本周将加演两场。
pe
rform
表示“上演，扮演”时常是重要考点且多以非谓语动词的形式进行考查。
9
、
favou
r(
＝
favor)
n
．帮助，恩惠，赞成，支持，关心
v
．赞成，照顾
精讲拓展：
①
do sb. a
favour/do a favour for
sb.
帮某人忙
ask
a favour of sb.
请某人帮忙
in
favour of
赞成；支持；有利于
②
favour the new
plan
赞成新计划
favour
sb./sth.
偏袒某人；便于，利于……
③
favourable
adj.
好意的；赞成的；有利的
a favourable
wind
顺风
a favourable
answer
满意的答复
Do
me/us a favour
！在口语中往往是回答认为愚蠢的问题，意为“得了吧！
”
，而
do
sb. a
favour
在疑问句表示“请求别人的帮忙”的客气表达。
朗文在线：
①
Could you do me
a favour and turn off that light?
劳驾，请把那盏灯关掉好吗？
②
Do us a favour,
Mike, and shut up!
拜托你，迈克，别再说了！
③
Are you in
favour of the death penalty?
你赞同死刑吗？
④
The president
is believed to favour further tax cuts.
大家认为总统将支持进一步减税。
in favour of,
do
sb. a
favour
两短语在具体语境中的运用是常考点。
My sister was against my suggestion
while my brother was________it.
A
．
in favour
of
B
．
in memory of
C
．
in honour of
D
．
in search of
【解析】
本题考查介词短语的辨析。
此处
while
表示转折对比，
against
表示反对。
故选用
in favour of
表示
“赞成”
。
B
表示
“为纪念”<
/p>
；
C
表示
“为了
向……表示敬意”
；
D
表示“寻找”<
/p>
，均不合题意。
【答案】
A
I am________your
suggestion________we should spend more time on
this project.
A
．
in favor
of
；
which
B
．
in
honor of
；
that
C
．
in favor
of
；
that
D
．
in honor
of
；
which
C
“我很赞成你的建议那我们应该在这个工程上花费更多的时间”
。
in favor of
赞成；
in honor
of
向……表示敬意；为纪念……。第二空为
that
引导的同位语从句。
10
、
deal
n
．交易，协议；
v.
处理，相处
(1) make a
deal
达成协议；做成交易
That
’
s a deal.
一言为定。
(2) a
great/good deal of
＋不可数名词，意思是“大量，很多”
。
(3) deal with
对付；应付；处理；对待
—
I know this is the latest
type but it
’
s second
< br>?
hand.$$20
—
that
’
s my last offer.
—
’
s
a(n) ________. A
．
business
B
．
Trade
C
．
agreement
D
．
deal
“我知道这是最新款，但却是二手货，我最多出
20
块。
”
It
’
s a
deal.
为习语“就这
么办，一言为定”
，为固定搭配。
【答案】
D
11
、
blank
①
adj.
空白的，无表情的，茫然的
go blank
变成空白
Steve looked blank and said
he had no idea what I was talking about.
②
n.
空白；空白处
The
professor
could
tell
by
the
___________look
in
Maria
’
s
eyes
that
she
didn't
understand a single
word of his lecture
B. blank
C.
Innocen
D. fresh
根据
Maria
茫然的眼神，这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也没有听
懂。
”
blank
空虚的，
茫然的；
innocent
无辜的。选
B
。
14
、
present
1)n.[C]
礼物；目前
I want to give her a present. What do
you think she'd like?
2) vt.
赠送；给予
The mayor presented the
prizes in person.
市长亲自颁奖。
3)
adj.
在场的；出席的
(
其反义词为
absent)
；现在的；当前的<
/p>
①
A lot of students were
present at the meeting.
很多学生出席了那个会议。
②
I'm free at
present.
我现在有空。
知识拓展
presence n.
在场；存在
presently adv.
不久
I'll make you a present of the book
since you like it very much.
你这么喜欢这本书就送给你吧
15
、
serve
1)
vt. & vi.
为……工作；为……服务
Can
I serve you in any way?
我能帮你的忙吗？
2) vt. &
vi.
开板；上菜
(
常用被动结构<
/p>
)
；供某人饭菜
①
Dinner is served.
开饭了。
②
Learn to serve
at table.
学习端饭上菜。
3) vt. &
vi.
任职；服役
He served as a naval
officer during the war.
战争时期他在海军当军官。
即学即用
The word
“
spahetti
”
brought back the memory of an evening when all of
us were seated
around the table and
Aunt Pat________spaghetti for supper.
A
．
cooked
B
．
served
C
．
got
D
．
made
答案：
B
要点二
短语
1
．
hold up
< br>举起；提出
(
作为榜样
)
；延误，阻滞
归纳拓展
hold back
阻挡，忍住，抑制
hold on
坚持住；
(
电话用语
)
请稍等，不要挂断
hold back
缩回；阻止；隐瞒；抑制
hold in
抑制
(
感情等
)
hold
down
阻止
(
< br>某人
)
，制止；限制
hold one
’
s breath
屏住气
例句：
The steel strike in
U
．
S. may hold up production
of all new cars for several months.
美国钢铁工人罢工可能使全部新汽车的生产停顿好几个月。
They hold up his behaviour as a
model.
他们把他的行为作为其他人学习的楷模。
The father held up the boy over his
head.
那个父亲把孩子高举过头顶。
朗文在线：
①
The building
work has been held up by bad weather.
由于天气不好，建筑工程被耽搁下来了。
②
The roof is
held up by pillars
屋顶是由柱子支撑着的。
③
The water won't
hold out much longer.
水维持不了多久。
【链接训练】
There was
a big hole in the road which________the traffic.
A
．
took up
B
．
brought back
C
．
kept back
D
．
held up
【解析】句意为：公路上有个大坑阻碍了交通。
hold up
“延误，阻滞”
，符合题意。
take
up
“占据，从事”
；
bring
back
“带回”
；
keep bac
k
“扣留，隐瞒”
。
【答案】
D
What shall we use for power
when all the oil in the world has been
________
？
A. given out
B. held up
C. run out
D.
used up
答案与解析：
D
<
/p>
句意：
当世界的原油用光时，
我们将用什
么来提供动力呢？
give
out
用完，
run
out
用尽，都为不及物动词短语，
hold
up
阻碍，停顿，不合句意。
use
up
为及物动词短语，意为“用完”
。
2
．
ask sb. a
favour
请某人帮忙
(1)
ask a favour of sb./ask sb. a
favour
请某人帮忙
do sb. a
favour/do a favour for
sb.
帮某人一个忙
in favour
of
赞成，支持
in
favour
得宠的；流行的
out of
favour
失宠的；不流行的
3
、
give away
泄露
(
秘密
)
；暴露；让步；赠送
精讲拓展：
①
give
back
归还；送回；使恢复
②
give forth
发出
(
声音，气味等
)
；发
表，公布
③
give
in
屈服，投降，退让
⑦
give up
放弃；不再做
(
某事
)
④
give
off
发出气味、光、热、声音等
⑥
give
out
用完，用尽；分发
⑤
give oneself to
专
心于，迷恋于；沾染
(
恶习等
)
误区警示：
give away
中
away
是副词，
若接代词作宾语时，
需将代词放于
give
之后。
①
He gave
away immense amounts of money to charity.
他把大笔大笔的钱捐给了慈善机构。
②
I was afraid
the kids would give the whole thing away.
③
The goalkeeper
gave away two goals.
守门员白白丢了两个球。
命题方向：
give
away
常与
give
out
，
give
off
及
give
in
以词义辨析的形式出现。
活学巧练：用
give in, give up, give
out, give away
填空
(1) The brave soldier preferred dying
to
giving
in
(2) After a
month
，
our food supplies
give out
(3)
—
Smoking is bad for your
health.
—
Yes, I know. But I can' t
simply give
it up.
(4) Her face_give_ her ___away_____
when she told a lie.
4
、
lift up (
被
)
提起；举起；抬高；吊起
I lifted the lid of the box up and
peered in.
我掀起箱盖往里看。
知识拓展
not lift/
raise a finger/ hand (to do sth.)
一点忙也不帮；油瓶倒了都不扶
辨析：
raise,
rise
与
lift up
1) r
aise
是
vt
，
“使……上升”
。
2) ris
e
是
vi
，
“
升起；上升；起立”
。
①
Prices have
been raised up.
价格被提高了。
②
Prices rose
gradually.
价格逐渐地涨上去了。
5
、
take off
脱掉
(<
/p>
衣服等
)
起飞
休假
突然离开
①
Take your coat off and sit down.
②
I
forgot to take off my
make
?
up last night
昨天我忘了卸妆。
③
Sales of home
cars have taken off recent years.
私家车的销售量近年来上升很快。
④
I hear the
business is really taking off.
我听说生意真的要兴隆了。
⑤
The plane took
off despite the fog.
尽管有雾飞机仍照常起飞。
⑥
I'm taking
Thursday off to do some New Year shopping.
我星期四休假去买一些新年礼物。
⑦
He took off for
the bus station at a run.
他匆忙向汽车站跑去。
⑧
Susan took off
without saying goodbye.
苏珊没有道别就突然离开了。
链接：
take after(
在礼貌、行为等方面
)
与
< br>(
某个长辈
)
想像
take apart
拆卸；拆开
take away
减去
take back
收回
take in
收容
(
养
)
；欺骗
take over
接管；接收
take up
从事；占据
(2009
·安徽
)We tried
to find a table for
seven
，
but they were
all________.
A
．
given away
B
．
kept away
C
．
taken up
D
．
used up
解析：
“我尽力想找一张供七个人用的桌子，
但他们全
部都被占了”
。
take up
意为<
/p>
“占
去；占用”
；
give away
意为“赠送；泄露”
；
< br>keep away
意为“
(
使
)
远离”
；
u
se up
意
为“用完；用光”
。答案
：
C
6
、
by accident
偶然；无意中
We met
each other again completely by accident.
我们再次相遇，完全出于偶然。
have an accident
遭受意外
without
accident
平安无恙地
by
chance
偶然地；意外地
注意：
deliberately adv.
故意地
on purpose
故意地
I came here
on purpose to see you.
我特地来这里看你。
即学即用
Don't be
angry with him; he seldom makes mistakes. He made
it this time________.
A
．
by incident
B
．
for no reasons
C
．
in common
D
．
by accident
要点三
句型
Perhaps more
than I think.
也许比我想的要多。
more than
比……多；多于
(1) more than
＋名词
(
动名词
)
“不仅仅是，不只是”
。
more than
＋数词，意思是“超过，……以上”
。
more than
＋形容词，意思
是“非常，很”
。
(2) no
more than
仅仅，不过
not
more than
至多，不超过
more or
less
差不多；或多或少
(3)
more...than
这种结构是对于不同的人或物的同一性
质或方面的比较，意为
“比……更
(
形
容词和副词的比较级
)
；与其说……倒不如说……”
。
例句：
He is
no more a genius than I am
我不是天才，他也不是。
Mr Smith is
more a writer than painter.
辨析
no more than
与
not
more than
(1) no more than
＝<
/p>
only
，含有消极否定的意思，意为“不过，只有，仅仅”
。
not more
than
＝
at
most
，意为“不超过，至多”
。
例句：
He has learned no more
than 100 words.
他才学会了
100
个单词。
He has learned
not more than 100 words.
<
/p>
他学会的单词不超过
100
个。
【链接训练】
①
—
Do
you need any help
，
Lucy?
—
job is______I could do
myself.
A
．
less
than
B
．
more than
C
．
no more than
D
．
not more than
【解析】
句意为：—你需要帮忙吗，
露茜？—需要，这项工作我自己做不来。
A
项意为“少于”
；
B
项意为“多于，超过”
；
C
项意为“不过；仅仅”
；
D
项意为“不
多于”
< br>，根据题意，选
B
。
【答案】<
/p>
B
要点四
语法
1
．条件状语从句
< br>条件状语从句是表示
主句动作发生的前提或条件
的从句。
引导条件状语从句的词或
词组有
if<
/p>
，
unless
，
so (as) long as (
只要
)
，
in case (
万一
)
，
on condition that (
< br>条件是
)
，
suppose/s
upposing (
假设，用于问句
)
，
provided/providing (that) (
假如，如果
)
等。
例句：
As long as you
don
’
t lose
heart
，
you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，你就会成功。
In case I
forget
，
please remind me of
my promise.
如果我忘了，请提醒我所作的承诺。
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse
us
，
who else can we turn to
for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们该向谁求助呢？
< br>在条件状语从句中，要用一般时态代替将来时
(
和时间状
语从句相同
)
。
You will miss the train if you don't
hurry.
You would miss the train if you
didn't hurry.
will
表示“愿意”时，是情
态动词
，可用于条件状语从句。
If
you will go, please tell me.
如果你愿意去的话，请告诉我。
注意：
(3) if
引导的条件状语从句如果与事实不符，应用虚拟语气。
例句：
If it rained
tomorrow
，
we should stay at
home.
如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
(4)
suppose
和
supposing (that)
相当于
if
。
(5) provided, providing that, on
condition that, so/as long
as
相当于
only
if
。
As long
as(
＝
Only if)you don't lose
heart, you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，你就会成功。
(6)in case
Do tell us in case you have any
trouble.
万一有什么困难，一定告诉我们。
in case
引导目的状语从句时也可用
should
表示可能性小些。
【链接训练】
①
I was
advised to arrange for insurance ________ I needed
medical treatment.
A
．
nevertheless
B
．
although
C
．
in case
D
．
so that
in
case
“以防，万一”
，引导条件状语从句。有人建议我入保险，以备医疗需求。
【答案】
C
②
________ he works
hard
，
I don't mind when he
finishes the experiment.
A
．
As soon as
B
．
As
well as
C
．
So far as
D
．
So long as
考查
so/as
long
as
引导条件状语从句。只要他肯下工夫，我不在乎他什么时候能完
成这个实验。
as soon as
“一……就……”
；
as well
as
也，又；
so far as
“
就……而
言”
。
【答案】
D
③
A
small
car
is
big
enough
for
a
family
of
three______you
need
more
space
for
luggage.
A
．
once
B
．
Because
C
．
in case
D
．
Unless
【解析】
考查连词的用法辨析。
once
“一旦”
，引导条件状语从句；<
/p>
because
“因
为”
，引导原因状语从句；
in case
“以防万一”<
/p>
，引导条件状语从句；
unless
“除
非”
，
引导条件状语从句。句意为：一辆小汽车对于一个三口之
家足够了，除非需要更多
的空间放行李。根据题意，可知答案为
D
。
【答案】
D
④
________he had
not hurt his leg
，
John would
have won the race.
A
．
If
B
．
Since
C
．
Though
D
．
When
【解析】
if
引导虚拟条件句，
“如果”
。
根据其
时态可判断出表示过去非真实情况。
“如果约翰的腿没有受伤，他会赢得这次赛跑”
。
since
引导时间状语从句或原因状<
/p>
语从句，表示“自从”或“因为”
；
th
ough
引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”
；
< br>when
引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”
。<
/p>
【答案】
A
2
．让步状语从句
< br>(1)
让步状语从句表示
在某种相反的条件下
，
主句中的情况依然会出现。
让步状语从
句由连词
though
，
although
，
as (
虽然，
尽管
)
，
even if/ thou
gh
，
whoever
，
whatever
，
whichever
，
whenever
，
w
herever
，
however
，<
/p>
no matter who (what
，
which
，
when
，
where
，
how)
，
whether...or
(not)
，
while
(
尽管
)
等引导。
(2 ) though<
/p>
，
although
这两个连词用法基本
一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常
位于句首，都不与
bu
t
连用，但可以和
yet
，
still
连用。
例句：
Though they lack official
support
，
they continue their
struggle.
他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍继续奋斗。
Although they have been talking for a
long time
，
he cannot make her
believe him.
虽然他们谈了半天，他还是不能使她信任他。
(3) whatever (whoever
，
whichever
，
whenever...)/
no matter what (who
，
which
，
when...)
引出的让步状语从句意义上无明显差别
，常译成汉语“无论……”
< br>。
例句：
Whoever
(No matter who) wants to speak to me on the
phone
，
tell him
I
’
m busy.
不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。
Wherever (No matter where) you
go
，
I
’
m
right here waiting for you.
无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。
(4) as
引导让步状语从句，
从句
部分用倒装语序，
句型为：
a./adv./n.(
不带冠词
)/v. (
原
形
)
＋
as
＋
主＋谓
例句：
Try as I
might
，
I
couldn
’
t lift the stone.
尽管我试了，我还是搬不动那块儿石头。
Late as it
was
，
they continued to study.
Youngest as he is in our
class
，
he studies very well.
Child as he is
，
he
knows a lot.
他尽管是个孩子，却知道的很多。
(5)whether...or (not)
．
..
可引导让步状语从句。
例句：
Whether you believe it or
not
，
it is
true.
不管你信不信，这都是真的。
【链接训练】
①
________ we could afford
it
，
we wouldn't go abroad for
our holidays.
A
．
Even
B
．
If
C
．
Even if
D
．
Even as
【解析】
even
if
用以引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”
。注意不能
只用
even
，因
为它是副词，不是连
词。句意为：即使我们能负担得起去国外度假的费用，我们也
不会去。
< br>【答案】
C
③
________
，
he is still as
modest as before
，
which
always moves all the people who
know
him.
A
．
As he is a
scientist
B
．
A
scientist as he is
B
．
C
．
Scientist as he is
D
．
As is he a
scientist
【解析】
考查
as
引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序的用法。
当作表语的是单数可
数名词时，不用冠词。
【答案】<
/p>
C
④
________great
achievements
the
world
may
have
in
the
future
，
the
part
China will
play can't be left out.
A
．
If
B
．
Whatever
C
．
Whichever
D
．
However
【解析】
考查让步状语从句。
whatever
“无论什么，不管什么”
。
句意为：无论将
来世界取得什么大成就，中国发挥的作用都不容忽视。
< br>【答案】
B
3
、
(
教材原句
P26)If
you have a meal
，
don
’
t start eating before everyone else
is served.
假如你在吃饭，在别人的饭菜未端上来之前不要开始吃。
before
作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有
多种，具体可译为：
①在……之前，②……
(
< br>之后
)
才……，③
(
不多久
)
就……，④以免……，
< br>⑤还没来得
及……就……，
⑥有时
before
相当于
rather than
，
可理解为
“
(
宁愿……
)
也不愿……”
。
①
We lived in
Paris before moving to London.
②
He was told that it would
be at least three more months before he could
recover and
return to work.
他被告诉至少三个月之后他才能康复回去工作。
③—
Why
didn
’
t you tell him about
the meeting?
—
He rushed out
of the room before I could say a word.
——我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。
④
I
’
m
sorry you
’
ve been waiting so
long
，
but
it
’
ll still be some time
before Brian get
back.
我很抱歉你已经等了这么长时间，但是还要再过一段时间布朗才能回来。
⑤
She
was
such
a
proud
person
that
she
would
die
before
she
would
admit
she
was
wrong.
她是一位那么自负的人，她宁愿死也不承认错误。
(2010
·
福建卷
)T
he girl had hardly rung the bell________the door
was opened suddenly
，
and her
friend rushed out to greet her.
A
．
before
B
．
Until
C
．
as
D
．
since
解析：
句意为：
这个女孩刚一按门铃，
门就突然打开了，
她的朋友冲出来迎
接她。
本题考查固定句型
hardly...when/bef
ore...
，意为“一……就……”
。答案：
A
(2010
·陕西卷
)John
thinks it won
’
t be
long________he is ready for his new job.
A
．
when
B
．
After
C
．
before
D
．
since
解析：
句意为：约翰认为不久他就能
为他的新工作做好准备。本题考查固定句式
It
won
’
t be long before...
，表示“过不了多久就……”
。
答案：
C
单项选择
13
、
The
medicine
works
more
effectively
________
you
drink
some
hot
water
after
taking it.
A. as
B. Until
C. although
D. if
答案与解析：
D
本题考查状语从句引导词的用法。做此类题目时要弄清句意才可
做出判断。句意：吃
了这种药之后，如果你再喝些热水，那么它会更起作用。分析
两个句子可知后者是前者的
条件。
14
、
With
the
world
changing
fast,
we
have
something
new
________
with
all
by
ourselves
every day.
A. deal
B. Dealt
C.
to deal
D. dealing
答案与解析：
C
本题考查
have
的固定词组。熟练掌握它们的用法是做题
的关键。
句意：随着世界快速变化，每天我们都有些新东西要自行处理。由句意知：表示
“有……要做”要用
have... to
do
。
15
、
Unsatisfied
________
with
the
payment,
he
took
the
job
just
to
get
some
work
experience.
A. though was he
B. though he was
C. he was though
D. was he though
答案与解析：
B
本题考查倒装。
要注意
though,
as, although
引导让步状语从句时的
倒装。句意：
他尽管对报酬不满意，但为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了那份工
作。
though
引导从句时，可用倒装也可不用，而本句中形容词提到了句首，为
倒装
形式，语序为：
adj./adv./n./
动词原形＋
though
＋主语＋谓语，故选
B
。
17
、
________ the
police thought he was the most likely one, since
they had no exact
proof about it, they
could not arrest him.
A. Although
B. As long as
C. If only
D. As soon as
答案与解析：
A
本题考查状语从句的引导词。此类题目要注意分析前后句的逻辑
意义，同时要熟记各
类状语从句的引导词及其用法。本题句意应为：尽管警察认为
他最有可能，但是由于没有
确凿的证据，他们不能逮捕他。表示让步用
although
。
as long
as
表示条件，意为“只要”
；
if
only
表示条件，意为“要是……就好了”
，引
出虚拟句；
as soon as
表示时间，意为“
一……就……”
。
18
、
Many Chinese
universities provide scholarships for students
________ financial aid.
A. in favour of
B. in honour of
C.
in face of
D. in need of
答案与解析：
D
本题考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多中国大学向那些需要经济帮
助的学生提供奖学金
。
in favour
of
支持；
in honour
of
为了纪念；
in face
of
面对；
in
need
of
需要。
19
、
I felt so bad
all day yesterday that I decided this morning I
couldn't face ________
day like that.
A. other
B. Another
C. the other
D. others
答案与解析：
B
本题考查与
other
相关的单词的区别。
句意：
我昨天一整天感到很
糟糕，
以至于我今天早晨决定我不会面对那样的一天。
是指在未来的日子中的一天，
故用
another
。
20
、
As the light
turned green, I stood for a moment, not
________
，
and
asked myself
what I was going to do.
A. moved
B. Moving
C. to move
D. being moved
答案与解析：
B
此题考查非谓语动词中现在分词的应用，
句中
not
moving
“不动”
，
作状语，<
/p>
说明
“
I
”在<
/p>
stood for a moment
的同时伴随的动作，
move
的发出者是
“
I
”
，
与“
I
”是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
22
、
The music
________ by the famous band is diverse and
exciting.
No matter how frequently
________
，
the works of
Beethoven still attract people all over
the world.
A
．
performed
B
．
Performing
C
．
to
be performed
D
．
being performed
答案与解析：
A
动词
perform
与
music
之间形成被动关系。
23
、
________ well
prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in
mountain climbing.
A
．
However
B
．
Whatever
C
．
No matter
D
．
Although
答案与解析：
A
因为空格后出现了副词
well
，且本题句意为“无论你准
备得多好，
在登山中你仍需要一些运气”
，故空格处应表示让步
，用
however
或
no
matter how
。
24
、
If a person
has not had enough sleep, his actions will give
him ________ during the
day.
A
．
away
B
．
Up
C
．
in
D
．
back
答案与解析：
A
句意：如果一个人没有睡够觉的话，那么在白天他的行为就会表
露出来。
give away
“赠送；泄露；表露”
；
give
up
“放弃”
；
give
in
“屈服；让步”
；
give
back
“返还；归还”
。
25
、—
Smoking is
bad for your health.
—
Yes
，
I
know. But I simply can't ________.
A
．
give it up
B
．
give it in
C
．
give it out
D
．
give it away
答案与解析：
A
此题考查短语动词的用法。
give
up
意为“戒掉”
，符合题意。
26
、
Water
________into steam if it is heated to its boiling
point.
A
．
is going
to be turned
B
．
will be turned
C
．
has been turned
D
．
is being turned
答案与解析：
B
will
be
表示客观上的将来；
be going to
表示人的打算。
27
、—
Is Nancy
living here?
—
Yes
，
she ________here in the past four
weeks.
A. lived
B. Lives
C. is living
D. has been living
答案与解析：
D
本题考查现在完成时的用法。根据句意可判断“她住在这儿”这
种情况从过去一直延
续到现在，故答案是
D
项。
28
、
We
can
communicate
________people
in
every
part
of
the
world
________the
Internet.
A
．
with; with
B
．
with; through
C
．
through;
through
D
．
through; with
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